Teeth are an integral part of the human body, as well as an indicator of he alth. Their loss leads to significant problems with the gastrointestinal tract, and the aesthetic appearance of a person deteriorates. But often the teeth are exposed to various diseases, most of all caries. In this case, the destruction affects not only the enamel, but also the bone substance, which causes pain of an intense nature.
Tooth structure
Tooth is a human organ that is located in the alveoli of the jaws and anatomically consists of a crown, root and neck, which, tapering, connects the crown to the root.
Morphologically, it consists of hard and soft tissues. Let's consider in more detail. Enamel, which is the hardest element in the human body, covers the coronal, that is, the visible part of the tooth, and under it is the bone tissue of the tooth. Otherwise, it is called dentin, which in its structure is quite soft and porous. Its root under the gum is covered with cementum, and inside the tooth is hollow, and this void is filled with pulp, a soft tissue consisting of nerves and blood vessels. They penetrate the porous structure of the dentin and reach the beginning of the enamel. This is what causeshypersensitivity during sudden changes in temperature in the oral cavity, as well as under the influence of other adverse factors.
Dentine
The bone substance of the tooth makes up its main part, in the coronal region it is covered with enamel, and under the gum the root has a shell of cement. Dentin is a supporting element, which is of great importance, as it performs the function of protecting the pulp from external stimuli.
The bone substance of the tooth is the second strongest in the body after enamel, despite its loose structure. One fifth of this tissue consists of collagen, two thirds of inorganic substances, and 10% is water. If we examine the dentin under a microscope, we can see that this is an intercellular substance unevenly covered with lime deposits. It is permeated by a huge number of dentinal tubules, which are filled with nerve endings of the pulp.
The bone substance of the tooth is divided into three types: The formation of dentin is individual and depends on many factors, for example, tooth wear or other defects in which dentin replacement occurs with varying degrees of intensity. This is the hardest and strongest tissue in the human body, almost entirely composed of minerals and protecting the dentin and pulp. Its thinnest layer is located at the neck of the tooth, and the thickest - on the chewing tubercles. Enamel strength is not constant, changing from the beginning of the tooth growth cycle to its end. Thus, after eruption, it is much weaker than after a few years, since its mineralization is still imperfect. But over the years, the strength of the fabric still decreases. It depends on many factors. Also, the strength of the enamel varies in different parts of the tooth. This setting is also individual. But one feature is the same for all: the top layer of the fabric is always the most durable, its structure is uniform, and the porosity is negligible. The closer the enamel layer is to the dentine, the looser its structure becomes, and accordingly, the strength decreases. Most of all, the bone substance of the tooth is prone to such an ailment as caries. If the damage affected only the dentin and enamel of the tooth, the disease is classified as medium, with the destruction of the root, its deep form is observed. It all starts with damage to surface tissues, the appearance of carious cavities that are filled with food debris,which contributes to the beginning of the processes of decay and further destruction of the tooth. The lesion site causes significant discomfort, responding with acute pain in response to various stimuli, but as soon as their contact with the sore spot is stopped, the pain disappears. This is a reason to visit the dentist as soon as possible and correct the problem. Otherwise, caries will reach the root of the tooth in a fairly short time, after which there is a high probability of losing it. To keep your teeth he althy for as long as possible, you need to maintain oral hygiene, eat he althy foods rich in vitamins and minerals, and regularly undergo dental check-ups to detect possible tissue damage at an early stage, preventing their destruction.
Enamel
Dentinal disease
