Human arms are not as strong as legs, but they perform a variety of manipulations that help in the study and knowledge of the world.
Hand bones
They are the most maneuverable in the human body. This is facilitated by the shoulder girdle and dexterity of the fingers. So, let's take a closer look at the bones of the skeleton of the hand.
The humerus. In the upper part it is spherical in shape, which corresponds to a small cavity of the scapula. Due to a slight depression and free connective ligaments, the arms are more mobile limbs than the legs. The upper arm bones are located at the top of the arm.
The lower part of the upper limb consists of two bones: the radius and the ulna. The latter, with the help of a hinge joint, is connected to the humerus, and the first has the ability to rotate around the second. This is due to the curvature of the arm and its lower muscles.
The surface of the bones has its own characteristics. This is clearly seen on the humerus, where, with the help of its head, an internal bulge of the muscle is formed. With a bent arm, three tubercles appear on the elbow. They owe their location to the end of the humerus and the beginning of the ulna, the rounded head of which is clearly visible onwrist.
Radial bones of the hands. Building
They are located in the forearm and are endowed with two sections: distal and proximal. The radius bones of the hand develop due to ossification points, which, in turn, arise in the process of development of the human body. This occurs in the second, fifth-sixth, eighth-eleventh, ninth-tenth years of life.
As we grow older, there are more bone fragments in the human body. It becomes more difficult to determine whether a given area is developing normally or there is a pathology. At the age of twenty, synostosis occurs. If for some reason the core of the bone has not connected with the part of the bone at the elbow, there is a high probability of a non-permanent bone.
The structure of the hand
Her skeleton consists of a wrist, metacarpal bones and fingers.
The wrist is represented in the human body by 8 short spongy bones arranged in two rows: upper (proximal) and lower (distal). Accordingly, in the first are: pisiform, trihedral, lunate and scaphoid bones. In the second: hook-shaped, capitate, trapezoid and polygonal. The surface of each bone of the hand has articular areas. With their help, articulation occurs with the bones in the neighborhood
- The metacarpus is represented by 5 short tubular bones, each of which has a base, a trihedral body with thickened ends and a head. Due to this structure, the metacarpal bones, when connected to each other,have interosseous septa, and from the side of the palm they are convex, and from the back side they are concave.
- Man has five fingers: thumb, index, middle, ring and little fingers. Phalanges are short bones in the form of tubes. Each finger, except the first, has three phalanges: proximal, middle and distal. The thumb has only two of them: the longest is proximal and the shortest is distal. Each phalanx is endowed with a base, body and head. The bones of the hand are equipped with nutritional holes through which vessels pass with the substances necessary for the bones and nerve fibers.
Why does my hand hurt?
Most often the bones of the hand hurt with fractures, sprains and torn ligaments. In addition to mechanical damage, the cause of pain can be:
- Muscle strain due to excessive exercise.
- Uncomfortable hand position or repetitive hand movements for a long time.
If these causes cause pain in the hands, you need to reduce the load on them or not move them at all for a while. But, we must not forget that it is precisely such pains that are sometimes a sign of some kind of disease of the bones, muscles or nerves. Therefore, if they do not go away for a long time, you should consult a doctor.
Sometimes even at rest, without any load, the pain in the joints of the hands does not go away. It can be assumed that this is inflammation or, even worse, arthritis. Here the help of a specialist will not hurt.
Very oftenpeople get home injuries. The lion's share of blows falls on the hands. A person may not immediately realize that he has a fracture, and he attributes severe pain to a bruise. This happens because in some cases, with a fracture of the bone of the hand, the symptoms are not clearly visible.
Sometimes the pain can radiate to the upper limb. If the bones of the left arm hurt, one can assume a heart attack or myocardial infarction, which is accompanied by:
- Chest pain.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Paleness, nausea.
- The appearance of cold sweat.
- Inexplicable anxiety.
In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance.
Hand. Displaced fracture
Signs of this wrist fracture are pain and swelling. An accurate diagnosis can be made using x-rays. But, a fracture of the arm bone with a displacement in this area is extremely rare. The prognosis for the healing of such a fracture is unfavorable, since the intraosseous vessels, which serve as a source of nutrition, are damaged. In this case, a false joint may form, and a disease such as bone necrosis may develop. It is usually removed surgically.
Fractures that damage the metacarpal bones occur as a result of direct violence to this part of the hand. Such damage is characterized by swelling, changes in the shape of the bone, soreness, impaired motor ability. Metacarpal bones of the hand in case of a fracture with displacement firstset manually. Then a splint is applied from the back of the forearm and hand: from the elbow joint to the phalanges of the fingers in the area of their articulation. From the side of the palm, an arcuate wire splint fixes its position.
Phalanges of the fingers are usually injured at home or at work. Fractures are often open. If they are offset, it is not difficult to establish a diagnosis. Treatment begins with surgical debridement. Then the bones are set in place and a splint is applied, which can be removed after three weeks. Full working capacity is possible after a month and a half.
Regardless of which arm bones have been fractured, physical therapy must be carried out from the first days of injury. At the stage of aftercare, physiotherapeutic procedures and massage help well.
Radius. Fracture
This type of injury involves a complete or partial disruption of the bone structure. When the radius bones of the hand undergo fractures, the cause should be sought in the excessive loads that are placed on the injured area. In a displaced fracture, there is a direct effect of force on the radius. This usually occurs when falling onto an outstretched hand, when the bone fragments are displaced depending on its position at the time of the fall.
First Aid
In the event of any shoulder fracture, the victim must be given an anesthetic. For this, a one percent solution of Promedol is suitable, one milliliter is enough. After that, you should apply a splint, onlyright.
The victim's arm should be taken to the side and bent at the elbow at an angle of ninety degrees. Next, put a cotton ball or bandage into the brush, while the fingers should not be extended. Place a fabric roller in the armpit area. To secure it, the bandage is passed through a he althy shoulder. In the absence of special tools, you can use improvised materials, such as planks. Transport the victim only in a sitting position.
If the resulting injury is in the nature of an open fracture, it will be accompanied by bleeding. To stop it, a tight bandage from a bandage should be applied to the injury site. If the bleeding does not stop, a tourniquet is applied.
Causes of bone pain
Many people have pain in the bones of their arms or legs in bad weather, after strenuous exercise, or just like that, for no reason. Why, let's try to figure it out.
- Very often the bones of the arm and leg hurt in the elderly. The fact is that an elderly person undergoes senile degenerative changes in the bone and joint system. As we age, bones become thinner and begin to lose collagen, calcium, and many other minerals. As a result of all these changes, they become weaker and more fragile.
- People who are well-fed often experience pain in the bones of their legs. They are caused by overload. In this case, you can treat them as much as you like, but this will not help until the person normalizes his weight.
- Peopledaily experiencing great physical exertion, suffer from pain in the bones of the arms and legs. This is due to the fact that the metabolism is disturbed and the nutrients of the bone tissue are intensively spent. Pain is associated, first of all, with a deficiency of some substances necessary for nourishing bone tissue.
- The cause of pain in the bones of the arms and legs can be bruises, fractures, tumors, autoimmune and infectious diseases, allergies, leukemia, etc.
Injury Prevention Prevention
Fractures can be prevented if the following rules are observed:
- If possible, walk in well-lit areas.
- When choosing shoes, pay attention to the sole: it is better if it has carved notches.
- Eat calcium-rich foods to strengthen bones.
- During the winter season avoid slippery paths.
- Strengthen the muscles and skeleton of the arms and legs with feasible loads.
- Stay active and he althy.
