Irregular and painful periods? Frequent pain in the lower abdomen? Perhaps these are the first symptoms of an ovarian cyst. It is formed when, during menstruation, one of the two ovaries produces an egg, which, in the process of maturation, does not leave the follicle into the fallopian tube. In this case, the follicle should burst. If this does not happen, then it is filled with fluid and does not leave the ovary. The first sign of an ovarian cyst (right or left) is a sudden pain that goes away and then comes back, and each time it gets worse.
Reasons
Science has not fully explored what is the main reason for the formation of an ovarian cyst. However, experts have found that the disease affects the state of the cells and sex hormones of a woman. The picture of the course of an ovarian cyst is often accompanied by inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs. Factors that provoke the body to form an ovarian cyst are listed below:
- excessive use of nicotine and alcohol;
- body weight over or under normal;
- frequent change in climate and time zones, which leads to disruption of the daily routine;
- constant depression andstress;
- overwork and lack of sleep;
- early onset of sexual activity;
- excessive exercise.
The first symptoms (signs) of ovarian cysts in women appear as a result of exposure to the body of various external factors.
Every woman should know that no one is protected from the formation of an ovarian cyst, so you should listen to the manifestations of the above reasons. A gynecologist, using modern instrumental methods, is able to diagnose a problem in a woman of any age. If you care about your he alth, then regularly conduct examinations of the reproductive system.
What are the signs of an ovarian cyst in women?
If you begin to notice aching pains in the lower abdomen, increased pain during sexual intercourse, nausea, vomiting, pain during urination, heaviness in the lower abdomen, then immediately consult a doctor. A neglected cyst can lead to the removal of the ovary and permanently deprive a woman of the opportunity to have a baby in the future, and can also lead to serious he alth problems. In rare cases, even death is possible.
Complications
An ovarian cyst is a formation due to retention of fluid, blood, fats, etc. in one of the cavities. It resembles a vial filled with certain contents. If you do not go to the doctor and start the disease, then this can lead to serious consequences, such as:
- removal of the neoplasm together with the ovary;
- ruptured cyst;
- development of cancerdiseases;
- violation of the efficiency of internal organs;
- appearance of gynecological diseases.
Diagnosis
Ovarian cyst is diagnosed by the following methods.
- Gynecological examination. By a simple examination and questioning of the patient, the gynecologist can determine the signs of an ovarian cyst (right or left). It also allows you to determine the increase in the appendages. However, this method can determine the cyst only if it is large. Much depends on its location. This diagnostic method has drawbacks, for example, a doctor can confuse inflammation of the tubes with a cyst. Therefore, to clarify the diagnosis, more advanced instrumental diagnostic methods are prescribed.
- Ultrasound. A non-traumatic informative method that allows not only to determine the presence of a cyst, but also to monitor its development.
- Laparoscopy of the ovaries. The most accurate method, since when using it, the ovaries are evaluated visually. After the diagnosis is completed, the doctor, using the same method, introduces instruments to the site of the formation of the cyst and removes it.
- If a gynecological examination reveals a mass in the uterine area, a pregnancy test is initially performed to determine an ectopic pregnancy.
- Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These methods specify the type of cyst, its benign or malignant condition, size, boundaries and other necessary parameters.
Can I get pregnant with an ovarian cyst?
The possibility of pregnancy depends on the size of the cyst itself. Since ovulation is necessary for pregnancy to occur, and in the presence of a follicular cyst (more than 3 centimeters), this process is difficult, pregnancy also becomes difficult.
However, the chance of pregnancy remains high if there are multiple follicles. This is due to the fact that even if one of them is occupied by a cyst, the second may still be involved in the pregnancy process. This can also be affected by the hormonal background of a woman during the development of a cyst. After all, the body releases estradiol, which negatively affects the follicle-stimulating hormone, which at a low level will not lead to the growth of new follicles.
Another negative sign of an ovarian cyst (left or right) during pregnancy is that there is a risk of rupture. Although most often with small cysts there is no effect on fetal development, such patients are prescribed regular monitoring with ultrasound. A cyst is removed during pregnancy only in extreme cases, for example, with an anguish. For this, the laparoscopic method is most often used. For pain relief, intravenous anesthesia is used.
Rupture of a cyst
An ovarian cyst sometimes ruptures. This process is accompanied by the release of the contents of the cyst and hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity. It occurs in both women and adolescent girls.age, and in the number of acute pathological conditions it ranks third and accounts for ten percent. According to statistics, about half of the gaps are accompanied by complications. Moreover, the rupture of the cyst occurs regardless of the cause of formation.
The first and most important sign (symptom) of a burst ovarian cyst is a sharp, persistent pain. Often the rupture occurs at the time of ovulation. At this time, a functional cyst is formed near the ovary, in which rapid blood circulation of the tissues begins. They swell and break. Rupture of an ovarian cyst also leads to the formation of adhesions and infertility. The right side of the ovary usually receives better circulation than the left side. This explains why tearing occurs more frequently on the right side.
To aggravate the situation of hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity may be a violation of blood clotting in a woman. Therefore, such patients should avoid heavy exertion or injury during intercourse in the presence of ovarian cysts.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst is a surgical removal, characterized by minimal trauma. This is due to the fact that intervention in the uterus is done through small incisions no larger than 10 mm in size. This small incision is achieved through the use of special instruments that are inserted into the abdominal cavity.
A cutting instrument is inserted into the first incision, a video camera through the second, forceps through the third, and a drainage tube is lowered into the fourth to drain the fluid released during the operation. A video camera as part of the instruments allows you to visually observeover the course of the operation. This makes it possible to carry out the procedure while maintaining the he alth of the body and without heavy blood loss. The volume of he althy ovarian tissue to be removed is determined by the doctor during the operation. To simplify this choice, the doctor has the right to prescribe instrumental studies. If they showed that an ovarian cyst is malignant, then the amount of tissue removed will certainly increase.
The main advantages of this operation:
- minimal damage to he althy tissue;
- no big scars afterwards;
- due to the minimum amount of damage - fast recovery.
Types of cysts
Ovarian cysts are divided into the following types.
- Functional ovarian cyst. It is formed when the mature follicle for some reason did not break and its contents were not released to the outside. These follicular ovarian cysts can disappear on their own within a few months.
- Cyst of the temporary endocrine gland. In the female body, it occurs when the corpus luteum in the ovaries continues to function without ovulation. These ovarian cysts can shrink in size within a couple of months.
- Luteal ovarian cysts. According to statistics, they occur much less often than the above. Their occurrence, in most cases, occurs in connection with early pregnancy disorders, namely, a sufficient amount of luteal hormone is not produced in the corpus luteum. cystsgo away on their own if the pregnancy is terminated.
- Ovarian cyst resulting from endometriosis. Occurs when the lining of the uterus grows and begins to function outside of it, such as in the ovaries. The mucosa in the ovary is capable of acting like a normal mucosa if it were located in the uterine cavity. Changes in hormone levels in endometriosis cause growth and bleeding of the mucosa. The released blood does not go outside, but forms a cyst in the ovaries that increases with each cycle.
- Dermoid ovarian cyst. Integumentary epithelial cells that enter the ovary during the embryonic period cause a dermoid cyst. It is formed as a result of the fact that the cells of the integumentary epithelium, for some reason, begin to multiply and grow. More often, a dermoid cyst is covered by a "capsule", and the contents of the cyst are located under it in the fatty glands.
- Precancerous. This is the condition of an ovarian cyst that becomes transitional from a functional cyst. Incipient cyst cancer is less common than other ovarian pathologies that develop from their various tissues. These conditions can be either benign or malignant. More common in women over thirty.
- Malignant cysts. Diagnosed at the onset of menopause. Their treatment involves surgery.
Pharmacology
When the gynecologist is convinced that the cyst does not have the form of a tumor, he prescribes conservative treatment and prescribesmedications for the patient. Most often, these are hormonal preparations based on progesterone. This hormone is responsible for the second stage of the menstrual cycle. As a rule, such drugs are taken orally orally.
Progesterone is used to restore the normal course of the menstrual cycle, which is also a good measure to prevent the formation of cysts. Depending on the method of obtaining, progesterones are divided into natural and synthetic. Synthetic hormonal preparations are more active than natural ones.
Natural progesterone contains the following drugs: "Postinor", "Escapel" and "Eskinor". Synthetic components are found in drugs such as Dydrogesterone, Norethisterone, Linesternol, Medroxyprogesterone, Dienogost, Gestirone and Desogestrel.
All of the above drugs are metabolized in the liver. When using agents based on progesterone, the growth of the ovarian cyst stops and its reverse development is observed, up to complete retraction. But do not forget about regular ultrasound to track the stage of cyst development in order to prevent the formation of cancerous conditions. Against the background of taking drugs, an increase in body temperature, soreness and an increase in the mammary glands are possible. These symptoms usually disappear within a month of taking. If this does not happen, then you should contact your doctor for advice.
Also, the doctor has the right to prescribe anti-inflammatorymeans, for example "Ibuprofen" or "Voltaren". Remember: these drugs aggravate the condition of the stomach in the presence of an ulcer.
In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial drugs are also used. Medicines are prescribed in a complex, in order to obtain the maximum effect from the treatment. Before using them, you should consult a gynecologist, especially if you are planning a pregnancy.
Prognosis in the treatment of ovarian cysts with medications is usually positive. If the cyst is small and does not recur, then you can get rid of it within a month. If it has reached a large size, then the gynecologist often prescribes an operation, especially if the woman has planned a pregnancy.
"Grandma's" recipes
Folk remedies can be used only with the positive recommendation of the attending physician. It is important after such treatment to regularly do an ultrasound scan to determine the condition of the cyst. The following are folk remedies for the treatment of ovarian cysts.
- Heated vegetable oil mixed with a small piece of propolis. After boiling, add the yolk to the mixture. When it becomes homogeneous, remove from heat and strain. The resulting mixture is stored in the refrigerator. It must be warmed up before use. Then the tampon soaked in the mixture is placed in the vagina. It is advisable to leave the tampon overnight. An event is required every day for a month.
- Four tablespoons of acacia flowers insist in half a liter of vodka forweeks. During this time, the mixture should be shaken regularly. After a week of tincture, strain the mixture and drink a tablespoon three times a day before meals.
- Pitted raisins pour 0.5 liters of vodka. The resulting mixture is placed in a dark place for infusion for two weeks. During the tincture, the container must also be shaken regularly. After two weeks, the mixture is filtered and stored in a cold place. It is recommended to drink such an infusion for a month three times a day before meals.
Judging by the reviews, the signs of an ovarian cyst in women are the same for everyone. The main thing is to diagnose the disease in time and treat it. Otherwise, the consequences could be dire.
