If you remember the biology course, then a cell is a structural and functional unit of any living organism. But what can we say, if there are even such organisms that represent only one cell. Hence their name - unicellular. Well, in the body of animals and humans there are simply an incredible number of cells. Let's remember the composition of the cell.
Each cell of our body is surrounded by a special protective shell, which is called "membrane". It has a core inside. It is worth noting that not all body cells contain nuclei. For example, as they mature, red blood cells lose their own. In the cells of striated muscles, on the contrary, there is not one nucleus, but several. As mentioned above, the cell has a special plasma membrane. Its main function is to ensure interaction with neighboring cells and the environment. Since it is through the membrane that all unnecessary metabolic products exit the cell, and the substances necessary for normal functioning also enter, we can say that it is one of the most important components. The ingress of substances and, conversely, theirthe exit occurs either by the principle of diffusion, or due to active transport through special channels.
The nucleus is another important component of the structural unit of a living organism called "cell". This is a small spherical organelle that plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes, and also carries all the necessary genetic information. The nucleus has its own membrane, which is needed in order to separate it from the cytoplasm.
In order to confirm the importance of the nucleus in the life of the cell, scientists conducted several experiments. Their essence was that in an amoeba, with the help of a special needle, the nucleus was removed. A few days after this manipulation, the amoeba died. No, she did not stop eating, but almost all processes stopped in her. Of course, it can be assumed that the amoeba died due to the "operation", but a repeated experiment in which the nucleus was not removed, but only moved, showed that the amoeba does not die as a result of such an intervention.
The next organelle, without which a cell cannot exist, is a mitochondrion. It is surrounded by a double membrane. The main function of this component of any cell is the production of ATP through the transport of electrons and the processes of oxidative phosphorylation. Despite the fact that mitochondria have their own DNA, its proteins are encoded by DNA that comes from the cytoplasm. Given the fact that energy is necessary for the life and normal functioning of all cells, the importance of this organelle becomes incredible.important for a structure such as a cell. The structure of each mitochondria is the same and has no differences. There are two membranes, the first of which is external and serves to separate the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. The second is internal, separated from the external by an intermembrane space and protects the contents of mitochondria from penetration from the outside.
Each organelle of the cell has a special meaning, so it is very difficult to isolate unnecessary and necessary ones. The cage is life!
