What are intestinal acne? You will find the answer to this difficult question in the materials of this article. We will also tell you how to get rid of these unpleasant guests.
Basic information
Intestinal acne, the photo of which you can see in this article, is a roundworm. There are several dozen species of such parasites. Most of them are safe for humans, but there are some that cause serious infections.
Features of the parasite
Intestinal acne, the life cycle of which begins as soon as a person becomes infected with their larvae, can cause the development of such a disease as strongyloidiasis. This is a parasitic disease. It should be treated immediately after diagnosis.
Intestinal acne is able to live and multiply in the human body for decades without causing any symptoms. However, it should be noted that such parasites cause a threat to the life of those who have a reduced immune system.
Distribution
Strongyloidosis is quite widespread in countries with subtropical and tropical climates. In endemic areas, intestinal acne canaffect up to 40% of the population. An estimated 100-180 million people in 70 countries worldwide are infected with this parasitic disease.
It should be especially noted that strongyloidiasis is very common in people living in Azerbaijan, Georgia, as well as in western Ukraine, in the Stavropol and Krasnodar regions, in the Amur region and the Rostov region.
Routes of infection
Intestinal acne, or rather their larvae can enter the human body even through intact skin (for example, when walking barefoot or in the process of other contact with the ground).
Symptoms of strongyloidiasis can be accompanied by itching and reflect not only the process of penetration of the larvae, but also the very stay of the worms inside the human body, where they are quickly carried by the bloodstream through the organs and vessels, as a result of which they end up in the intestines. The most common manifestations of such an invasion are loose and watery stools, urticaria on the skin, and severe abdominal pain.
Intestinal acne: morphology and life cycle
Ugria is a small filamentous nematode. The female of this parasite often reaches a length of just over 2 mm. As for the male, he is much smaller (about 0.7 mm).
Near the mouth opening of the worm are the so-called lips. The tail part of the body of the female has a slight thickening. Under favorable conditions, she lays eggs, the size of which reaches 30-58 microns. Such larvae have a shell that has a fairly high strength.
What isintestinal acne? The structure of this parasite resembles that of a common roundworm.
The life cycle of the helminth in question is very complex. It combines the change of free-living generations of eels to parasitic ones. The first live in the soil. Females lay a large number of eggs, and after a while, rhabdite-like larvae emerge from them. Being in the ground, they feed on substances of organic nature.
Under adverse conditions, such parasites are not invasive. They transform into a filariform form, and subsequently can cause infection with strongyloidiasis.
Fertilization of intestinal acne in a living organism occurs in the trachea or bronchi. After this process is completed, the roundworm reaches the pharynx through the respiratory tract, and then it is swallowed along with saliva, sputum or food. As a result of this, the parasite reaches the intestines, where, in fact, the eggs are laid. After some time, rhabdite-like larvae emerge from the latter. Usually they leave the human body with feces. Although in some cases such parasites do not come out. As a result, they are converted into a filariform form. At this stage, the worm again enters the circulatory system through the walls of the intestine, and then its life cycle is repeated. This phenomenon can occur with constipation or other reasons that prevent emptying for one day or more.
Signs
Now you know the cycle of development of acne intestinal. What symptoms accompany such a parasitica disease like strongyloidiasis? The symptoms of this disease depend on its severity and the individual characteristics of the organism.
Strongyloidosis can occur in several forms: asymptomatic autoinfection, acute infection, chronic infection with gastrointestinal manifestations, Loeffler's syndrome, symptomatic autoinfection, and hyperinfection syndrome with the spread of helminths throughout the body.
In immunocompromised and weakened individuals, strongyloidiasis can quite easily pass into a disseminated form. In this case, the larvae spread throughout the body. This form of the disease is quite difficult, contributing to the development of blood poisoning, meningitis, myocarditis and others.
The main symptoms of strongyloidiasis include the following:
- Gastrointestinal manifestations: bloating, epigastric pain, anal itching, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation, weight loss, vomiting.
- Pulmonary manifestations: wheezing in the lungs, shortness of breath and a small cough (may be accompanied by blood).
- Skin manifestations: rash on any part of the body that has been in contact with the ground. This rash is a pink-red oval blisters that rise above the surface of the skin. They are able to change their size, be accompanied by severe itching and stay on the covers for several hours or days.
- Other manifestations. If the larvae have infected the NS, then the patient may experience stiff neck, headaches, signs of meningitis, and also a coma.
It should also be noted that the spread of helminths throughout the body can contribute to damage to the liver, heart, kidneys, peritoneum, thyroid and pancreas, as well as lymph nodes, prostate and ovaries.
How to diagnose?
Diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is a rather complicated process. There is no standard diagnosis for this disease. Very often the diagnosis is made very late or incorrectly. This is due to the vagueness and non-specificity of complaints.
In people with a chronic form of the disease, the number of parasites living inside is small. At the same time, the larvae are constantly excreted along with the feces, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.
The following methods allow to detect such a disease:
- enzymatic immunoassay;
- fecal microscopy;
- immunofluorescence reaction;
- Microscopy method (modified) according to Bergman;
- polymerase chain reaction;
- stool culture on blood agar;
- aspiration biopsy.
Intestinal acne: treatment
The biological and chemical features of acne do not allow to achieve effective treatment of parasitic disease through the use of medicines in small dosages. Larval stages are quite difficult to treat. It is better to eliminate such a disease in the process of its development.
The most effective drug for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is Ivermectin. This remedy is ideal for the treatment of chronic andacute form of the disease, as well as disseminated hyperinfection.
After a two-day course of treatment, the recovery rate of patients is about 97. However, it should be noted that this drug is not used for children, since its effect on the child has not been fully studied.
Mebendazole and Aalbendazole are alternative treatments for parasitic disease. To avoid CNS-related complications, the latter medication should only be prescribed by an experienced physician in combination with glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants.
Rehabilitation of patients after treatment is achieved within one year. With a longer course of invasion, during which a person developed dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, the patient may need to take enzymatic and restorative agents.
