If you want to maintain a he althy urinary system, the he alth of your children, relatives or pregnant women, as well as solve problems with stones, then in this article you can find all the information you need.
Diseases of the urinary system include all kinds of pathologies of the urethra, bladder, as well as the kidneys and ureters. The physiological organs of the urinary system are directly related to the reproductive organs.
The most common cause of these diseases is the development of dangerous microorganisms, which occurs as a result of the following factors:
- Metabolic disorders.
- Hypocooling of the body.
- Stressful situations.
- Promiscuousties.
- Immune weakening.
Many aspects make it necessary to know how to prevent diseases of the urinary system. In addition, women and men are prone to the appearance and development of these diseases in completely different ways. In children, diseases of this kind also have their own characteristics.
Main reasons
The defeat of the bladder and kidneys can be triggered by a number of reasons, the main place among which is infection. It can provoke the occurrence of diseases that are the result of previously transferred tonsillitis, scarlet fever, otitis media, and also cause diseases on its own (cystitis, pyelonephritis).
Among other causes of diseases of the urinary system, the following can also be distinguished:
- Genetic predisposition.
- Injuries.
- Stagnation of urine.
- Avitaminosis.
- Transfusion of incompatible blood.
- Nephrotoxic poisons.
- Multiple burns.
- And other diseases (like diabetes).
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of urinary system disease:
- Pain.
- Edema.
- Impaired urination.
- Headaches.
- Dizziness.
In addition, there may be blurred vision, pain in the heart, decreased appetite, shortness of breath, vomiting or nausea, and fever.
In most cases, pain occurs above the pubis(bladder), in the lumbar region (kidneys), as well as along the ureters. Also, diseases of the urinary system are accompanied by irradiation of pain in the lower abdomen or in the perineum.
As a rule, all diseases associated with the urinary system are accompanied by frequent urination, cessation of urine output, reduction in daily urine output, an increase in daily urine volume, impaired urination. In some cases, the color of urine changes, it may appear cloudy or bloody.
Edema is observed in acute glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis. Vascular nephrosclerosis, as well as chronic and acute glomerulonephritis, are accompanied by headache, dizziness, and pain in the region of the heart. Also, signs of a disease of the organs of the urinary system can be weakness, malaise, low level of efficiency, deterioration of sleep, vision, and itching of the skin.
Disease spread
Currently, there are a large number of diseases associated with the urinary system, but the most common are:
- Cystitis.
- Uremia.
- Aplasia of the ureter.
- Hydronephrosis.
- Bladder stones.
- Kidney cysts.
- Urinary tract infection.
Diagnosis
Bladder and kidney exam includes the following:
- Radioisotope research methods.
- Renal biopsy.
- Computed tomography.
- X-ray examination.
- Ultrasound.
- Urine chemistry.
In the process of diagnosing this disease, the main component is the study of urine. Features of the urinary system are that all the pathological processes in the urethra and kidneys will be reflected directly in the urine. During the study, the amount of urine is determined, the urinary sediment is studied, the chemical composition and physical properties are determined.
Prevention of diseases of the urinary system
In most cases, these diseases activate the action of pathogenic microflora: viruses, fungi, bacteria. The composition of the microflora of the urinary tract includes a number of microorganisms that prevent the development of diseases. But as soon as a favorable period comes, they multiply, which subsequently provokes diseases.
Prevention of diseases of the urinary system is very important and it is as follows:
- At the first suspicion of a disease of the urinary system, an ultrasound of the kidneys should be performed.
- Indiscriminate sex.
- Avoiding hypothermia.
- The use of diuretic decoctions with antiseptic properties: licorice root, cranberry, lingonberry, rosehip, etc.
- Timely emptying.
- Compliance with personal intimate hygiene.
This is the prevention of the urinary system,it will avoid many problems in the future.
Bladder stones
This disease is characterized by the presence of deposits (s alt or calcified) in the cavity of the bladder. The formation of stones can occur as a result of a failure in the physico-chemical composition of urine or for a number of other physiological reasons. Depending on the function and location, stones can have a different number, composition, size, and also the appearance of the surface. In most cases, multiple and single (large and small) stones are distinguished.
The composition of these formations may contain phosphates, urate s alts, uric acid, as well as potassium oxalates. Diseases of the urinary system in men have the main cause - a violation of the function of the free outflow of urine. This is done due to the fact that there are peculiar obstacles on the way to the urethra or bladder neck. Also, stones can form as a result of surgeries after urinary tract infections.
The disease is very insidious, as there are no symptoms in the formation of rather large stones. They can only occur if these formations will produce friction with the walls of the bladder, blocking the outflow of urine or mucous membranes.
If the stones are small, then conservative treatment and a special diet are suggested. Specialists prescribe drugs to maintain the alkaline balance in the urine. If there are complications or stones too largesize for surgical intervention. Specialists in this case use stone section and endoscopic lithoextraction.
Acute cystitis
Diseases of the urinary system in women and men are somewhat different. So, acute cystitis is a disease that affects mainly young women. This is an acute inflammation of the bladder, the main symptom of which is considered painful urination, rarely the presence of blood in the urine. The main reason is urinary infections. To prevent the transition of this disease into a chronic form, when the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a specialist. It is also important to know that other rather dangerous diseases can disguise themselves as cystitis.
Urinary tract infections
Very often, infections cause problems with the urinary system in men. There are many pathogens that can lead to infection, namely:
- Klebsiella. Pseudomonas aeruginosa type. Typically seen in young boys.
- Microplasma and chlamydia. These are organisms that affect the urethra, as well as the ducts of the reproductive function. They enter the male body through sexual contact.
- E. coli. It can get into the urinary system as a result of simple non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. Therefore, in this case, the prevention of diseases of the urinary system consists in the elementary observance of the rules of personal hygiene.
Pyelonephritis
This is an inflammatory process in the kidneys thatit happens both in an acute form (primary stages of the disease), and in a chronic one, which worsens from time to time. In most cases, this disease affects the female gender. The infection can enter the kidneys through the blood, the bladder, if there are other foci of infection in the body, for example, inflammation in the genital organs, caries, furunculosis, and others.
Symptoms of pyelonephritis:
- Cloudy urine.
- Impaired urination.
- Increased body temperature.
- Kidney pain.
- Fever.
At the first symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor, as untimely treatment of the urinary system can lead to surgical intervention.
Kidney cysts
These are bubbles that are filled with liquid. In most cases, they do not cause problems, in connection with this, when ultrasound did not exist, they were sometimes not even known about and, accordingly, no treatment was carried out.
As a rule, cysts are not even felt, and if this does not cause any discomfort, for safety reasons they try not to touch them. If the cyst grows or hurts, it is removed by puncture - fluid is removed from the cyst with a syringe, and then drugs are injected to eliminate this bubble in the kidney, or an operation is performed.
Diseases in children
In the general structure of the disease, diseases of the urinary system in children occupy an important place. Infections are the main reason for their development. This is what requires specialattitude towards the child when he suffers from any infectious disease.
It is necessary to fully treat the disease, provide fortified nutrition, and avoid hypothermia. You can’t joke about the he alth of children, therefore, if symptoms of a violation of the function of the urinary system appear, you should immediately contact a specialist.
In many ways, this kind of disease can be prevented by preventing the development of infection and attentive attitude to he alth. In addition, you need to be a little more attentive to your own he alth and it is better to prevent diseases than to start them.
