The uterus is the most important organ for women's reproductive he alth and outward beauty. Due to it, the work of the entire reproductive system is carried out. However, many girls may experience violations of the structure of this organ. In these cases, experts say that the patient develops uterine pathology.
What are the pathologies of the uterus and vagina?
The female reproductive system is very fragile and any violation can lead to failure of the entire mechanism, cause serious illness. It should be noted that the pathology of the vagina and uterus can be both congenital and acquired. there are a number of differences between them. Acquired diseases can arise from a disorder or as a result of an intervention. But congenital pathologies of the uterus develop during the period when the fetus is still in the womb. Their appearance is influenced by a number of reasons and factors, as well as a person's genetic predisposition.
The following congenital pathologies of the uterus are very common:
- Bihorned or saddle type of organ.
- The presence of a septum in the cavityuterus.
- Various manifestations of organ underdevelopment.
- Failures in the normal functioning of the ovaries.
But the acquired pathology includes a wider range of diseases, among which the bend of the uterus and various anomalies on its neck are very common.
Cervical pathology - what should you prepare for?
A woman should pay special attention to the he alth of such an organ as the cervix. Pathology in this area can lead to very serious consequences. Therefore, it is worthwhile to identify the disease in a timely manner and eliminate it at the very first stages.
The most common diseases of the cervix are:
- Erosion. During this disease, the mucous membrane that faces the vagina is damaged. Usually, on examination, it looks like a spot of bright red color. Sometimes, with poor treatment, pseudo-erosion may appear - erosion that is not completely cured. As a result, nasal cysts may appear, which lead to blockage of the ducts of the cervical glands.
- Dyskeratosis - layering of a large number of cells in the cervix. This is usually due to the introduction of the human papillomavirus into the epithelium, which can lead to the formation of cervical cancer.
- Papillomatosis or condylomatosis. These diseases mainly appear as a result of infection of a woman with the papillomavirus. Very often there are warts on the genitals.
- Dysplasia. This is the precancerous stage of the epithelium.
Besides, a woman candiagnose cervical cancer, which appears as a result of dishonest treatment of other pathologies.
Uterine dysplasia - what is it?
Many girls hear about the problem, but do not always understand its essence. It is worth noting that uterine dysplasia occurs in a large number of women. During this pathology, serious disturbances occur in the structure and functioning of the cervix, which eventually cause cancer. If this disease is detected at the earliest stages, then it can be quickly eliminated with the help of special treatment.
Types of disease
Depending on the type of disorder in the mucous membrane, uterine dysplasia has several forms:
- First degree. This is a mild form: altered and occupy only 30% of the thickness of the mucosa. Usually this degree proceeds imperceptibly and in 80% of cases resolves on its own without treatment.
- Dysplasia of the second degree (moderate). During this type, the proportion of altered mucosal cells accounts for 60-70% of the thickness of the endometrium. Without treatment, this type of pathology resolves in only 50% of cases. In almost 20% of affected women, it passes into the third degree of dysplasia, while in the other 30% it is the basic basis for the development of a cancerous tumor.
- Third degree of dysplasia (severe form). In this case, the entire mucosal layer is occupied by altered cells.
Whatever the degree of the detected disease, it must be treated immediately.
Pathologies of the uterine cavity
They are also quite a lot inmedical practice. Basically, the pathology of the uterine cavity occurs due to inflammation in the pelvic organs, hormonal disorders and surgical interventions.
The following deviations and disorders are common in the uterine cavity:
- Occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia.
- Fibroids.
- The appearance of intrauterine adhesions.
- Various foreign bodies in the cavity.
- Inflammation of varying degrees.
At the first sign of discomfort, the girl needs to seek qualified help.
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
Many women, having heard this diagnosis in the gynecologist's office, begin to fall into despair. However, not everything is so scary. If this pathology of the uterus is determined at the earliest stages, it can be easily cured by choosing the right treatment.
Hyperplasia of the endometrium is the growth of a layer that is located in the internal cavity. Usually, such an increase occurs every month in any woman. During the action of erogenous, the mucous membrane of the organ is prepared for the acceptance of a fertilized egg. In its absence, the rejection of the endometrial layer begins, which leads to its growth. Usually this phenomenon occurs before the start of the menstrual cycle. If there is a violation of this process, then the endometrium grows even more. The type of disease depends on the size of the layer.
It is worth noting that this disorder is usually detected only by histological examination. This diagnostic allows you to accurately determine the localizationdisease, its form and degree. At the same time, ultrasound and examination by a gynecologist are of great help in making a diagnosis, but cannot accurately determine the presence of endometrial hyperplasia.
What is uterine fibroids?
The disease is quite insidious and dangerous. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors. It is not classified as cancer. This pathology of the uterus can appear both in the walls of the organ and on the neck. The size of the tumor can be from a millimeter to several centimeters.
Depending on the location, fibroids are divided into the following types:
- Subserous myoma. During this stage, the neoplasm is located on the outer surface of the organ, usually between the abdominal organs and the uterus.
- Intramuscular fibroids. In this case, the tumor is located directly in the muscles of the uterus.
- Submucosal fibroids. The tumor spreads in the inner part, localized under the mucous membrane.
- Uterine fibroids on the leg. This form occurs both in subserous myoma and in submucosal. The difference is a narrow or wide leg.
Only an experienced doctor can correctly determine which disease a woman develops.
What causes uterine fibroids?
This disease is mainly due to hormonal disorders. Very often, fibroids are observed in young women, its resorption occurs during menopause.
In addition, the occurrence of fibroids has a number of reasons:
- Heredity and genetics.
- Adenomyosis.
- Inflammatory processes of a gynecological nature.
- Sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
- Abortions and IUDs.
- Intercourse without orgasm.
The development of fibroids often provokes stress, which can lead to inhibition of the adrenal glands, ovaries and thyroid gland.
Intrauterine unions
What is this? Intrauterine adhesions or synechia is a deviation in the anatomical structure of this organ. It is often referred to as Asherman's syndrome. This pathology of the uterus is described as partial or complete obliteration of the uterus by connective tissue adhesions. During the onset of the disease, atrophic changes in the endometrium and deformation of the walls of the uterus occur.
The disease leads to malfunctions in the menstrual cycle, poor sperm permeability, and disturbances during the implantation of the amniotic egg. As a result, infertility may occur. This disorder usually manifests as amenorrhea or a hypomenstrual cycle. Very often, in the presence of synechia, there are difficulties in bearing the fetus during pregnancy.
Causes of adhesions
Synechia usually appear for various reasons. This can be influenced by various infections, traumatic injuries or gynecological diseases.
Among the most common causes of synechia are the following:
- Various infections.
- Consequences of genital tuberculosis.
- Effect of radiotherapy.
- Missed pregnancy.
In addition, they are caused by traumatic injuries - violations of the endometrial layer during surgical termination of pregnancy, diagnostic curettage, the use of intrauterine contraceptives and various operations.
Prevention and treatment of uterine pathologies
Of course, a woman will not immediately notice many violations and deviations, since they do not manifest themselves in any way. Usually these diseases lead to problems in conceiving a child and eventually cause complete infertility. Very often, many women suffer from the cervix, the pathology of this organ leads to serious consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to go to the gynecologist twice a year for a complete examination.
If a woman has any disease, then the specialist must identify the very center of the pathology of the uterus. He then refers the patient to the appropriate doctor for further therapy. Also, during the treatment of uterine pathologies, a specialist may prescribe ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopic examination.
To avoid the occurrence of diseases, many experts recommend taking preventive measures:
- Be sure to observe personal hygiene.
- Every 6 months to do a routine checkup at the gynecologist. Also necessary. take appropriate tests (smear - cytology analysis).
- Be sexually normal.
- Observe the rules of protection during sex.
A woman needs to give upbad habits. Drinking alcohol and smoking lead to a decrease in immunity: the body does not resist various infections well. The main thing is to be attentive to he alth. If you experience any discharge, pain or other unpleasant symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor for examination and further treatment.
