In the article we will understand what a rumor is.
The organ of hearing is the most emotionally colored and important "window" of a person to the world, sometimes even more important than sight. Therefore, the appearance of pain in the ears or hearing loss is perceived as a real disaster.
The concept of "organ of hearing"
It is understood as a paired organ, the main function of which is the perception of sound signals by a person, and therefore, orientation in the world around. For its proper functioning, it must be properly and carefully monitored. To do this, it will be useful to get acquainted with the structure and functions of the hearing organs in more detail. The ear has a very complex structure. You also need to take into account the fact that hearing is directly related to the ability to speak.
What is a rumor, many do not understand.
Structure of hearing organs
The human ear can perceive sounds in the range of 16-20,000 vibrations of sound waves per second. Its age features suggest the following: the number of perceived vibrations withdecreases with age. Older people are able to perceive a maximum of 15,000 vibrations in one second.
The hearing organ is located in the cranial temporal bone and is divided into three sections that are functionally and anatomically related:
- inner ear;
- middle ear;
- outer ear.
Each department of the hearing organ has its own structural and functional features.
Outer ear
The first section includes the auditory canal (or ear canal) and the auricle. Due to the fact that the shell of the ear has the shape of a shell, it catches sound waves as a specific locator. The sound then moves into the auditory canal. The eardrum is located between the middle and outer ear. It is able to vibrate, due to which it transmits all sound vibrations to the middle ear. The auricle itself is a cartilaginous tissue covered with skin.
The main function of the outer ear is to protect. Cells in the ear canal can produce wax that protects both the inner and middle ears from pathogens and dust.
Functions of the outer ear
The outer ear also has other functions:
- concentration of sounds coming from different directions;
- receiving sound waves;
- environmental protection;
- maintaining the desired temperature and humidity.
It is the outer ear that determines the functionality of the auditory organs. You need to know that different pathologies in itprovoke an inflammatory process of the middle ear and sometimes the inner. Therefore, if even a slight soreness is felt, you should hurry to the doctor.
The importance of hearing in a person's life is great, and this must be taken into account.
Middle ear
The second section of the human auditory organ includes the tympanic cavity, located in the temple area, and the auditory tube.
The tympanic cavity is filled with air, its size is not more than one cubic centimeter. It includes six walls:
- medial - has two holes, and a stirrup is inserted into one of them;
- lateral - shaped like a dome, includes an anvil and malleus head;
- posterior - a small cavity that protrudes towards the mastoid process;
- upper - produces a separation of the tympanic cavity and skull;
- lower wall - bottom;
- anterior - near it is the internal carotid artery.
Auditory ossicles - stirrup, anvil, hammer are connected by joints with each other. Also in the middle ear are the lymphatic vessels, nerves and arteries.
Sound Conduction
The main function of this department is to conduct sound. Air vibrations affect the eardrum and auditory ossicles, after which the sounds are transmitted to the inner ear.
In addition to the above, the middle ear can:
- protect hearing organs from loud sounds;
- keep the eardrum and auditory ossicles in good shape;
- adapt the acoustic apparatus to different sounds.
The meaning of the organ of hearing will be discussed in more detail below.
Inner ear
This department is also called the labyrinth. It includes the membranous and bony labyrinths. The second is small passages and cavities connected to each other, their walls include bones.
In the inner region of the ossified labyrinth is the membranous one.
The following departments are distinguished in the inner ear:
- cochlea;
- semicircular ducts (canals);
- anticipation.
The vestibule is an egg-shaped cavity located in the middle of the ear labyrinth. There are five holes that are directed to the channels. Ahead is the largest opening, it leads to the main cochlea duct. One hole has a membrane, the other has a stirrup plate at the exit.
In addition, it must be said that in the area of the vestibule there is a scallop that divides the cavity into two parts. The indentation located in the area under the scallop opens into the cochlear duct.
Snail
The snail resembles a spiral, it consists of bone tissue. It is very reliable and durable.
The functions of this department include:
- conducting sounds through the ducts;
- transformation of sounds into impulses, which then enter the brain;
- orientation of a person in space, stable balance.
The main organs of balance are the membranous labyrinth and ducts. The structure of the organ allows you to determine where the sound source is located, and to navigate well in space. Thanks to the inner ear, you can determine where and from which direction sounds come from. The balance for which this organ is responsible allows a person to stand, not bend over or fall. If something is disturbed, then dizziness, uneven walking, bending and inability to stand appear.
Departments of auditory organs are interconnected with each other. In order for this body to function normally, it is necessary to adhere to simple recommendations and rules. At the slightest discomfort, you should immediately consult a doctor. Do not listen to music at high volume and keep your ear shells clean. Anatomy describes in more detail the features of the organ of hearing.
Meaning of binaural hearing
What is this? Binaural hearing (Latin bini, that is, two, and auricular, that is, ear) - sound perception through both ears and symmetrically (left and right) parts of the hearing system.
The presence of both hearing receivers enables a person to perceive the sound spatial world and understand where sound signals move in space.
The main features of binaural hearing include: localization in space, binaural loudness summation, precedence effect, binaural beats, binaural unmasking, sound fusion in pitch setting, and "left" and "right" ear effects in human perception music and speech.
The value of age inhearing formation
The beginning of the functioning of the auditory system is noted even before the birth of the baby - from six months of development inside the womb. The baby perfectly hears the mother's heartbeat and her voice, and as the hearing develops, music, the voices of loved ones and the noise of the environment.
The development of the baby's auditory system from the moment of birth is activated under the influence of environmental sounds. During the entire period of childhood, a person remembers sounds, learns to correlate them with an object that makes sounds, masters the so-called sound dictionary.
What is the meaning of hearing for a child?
A child twelve hours after birth can already distinguish human speech from other sounds, reacting to it with barely noticeable movements. The newborn has the ability to accurately distinguish the voices of other people and the voice of the mother.
Modern research has proven that babies can tell the difference between their own language and a foreign language.
Children from birth to a year old react differently to the pitch and volume of the sound. The child usually reacts to sound stimuli in this way:
- blinking and eye widening;
- concentration of hearing, that is, partial or complete inhibition of movements (sucking when the child eats, and general);
- shudder of the body completely (if the child heard a loud and sharp sound).
You need to remember that the baby hears even when he sleeps. When the volume of sounds is increased, it starts moving or wakes up.
If the newborn has a normalhearing, he reacts only to sounds that are emitted at a short distance from him (no more than one and a half meters).
At two or three months, he reacts to sound by slowing down or intensifying sucking movements (when eating at that moment), opening wide or turning his eyes towards a well-known adult. The farthest distance at which a child is able to respond to sound is two to three meters.
At the age of two months, a revitalization complex develops: the baby actively moves his legs and arms, smiles when they talk to him affectionately.
At the age of three months to six months, the child can set the localization of the sound source to the left or right of him. He moves his eyes in response to the sound, turns his head towards the object that makes it. That's what a rumor is.
Don't be afraid if the reaction does not occur immediately - sometimes babies react to sound only after a few seconds. The greatest distance at which children are able to hear at this age is three to four meters. In physically weakened and premature babies, and in babies with psychomotor development disorders, a later formation of the reaction to finding a sound source may be observed.
Children at this age have a negative reaction to sudden, harsh sounds.
A child aged six months to a year reacts to the sound that comes from behind, to the left and to the right of him. At first, the distance at which children hear sound at this age is four meters, and in a year it is six meters.
Children of early and preschool age
In children of early and preschool age, the formation of auditory perception allows for the development of ideas about the sounds of the surrounding world, as well as orientation to sound as one of the most important properties and characteristics of phenomena and objects of inanimate and living nature.
Due to the mastery of the characteristics of sound, the integrity of perception is formed, which plays an important role in the process of cognitive development of children.
Rumor has a special role in speech perception. Auditory perception is primarily developed as a means of interaction and communication between people.
Causes of violations
The causes of hearing loss will be described below.
Auditory disorders are classified as complete (or deafness) and partial (or hearing loss), expressed in the deterioration of the ability to detect, recognize and understand sounds. Among other things, deafness can be acquired or congenital.
- The first cause of hearing loss is long-term exposure to noise. If people live near airports, factories or busy highways, they are exposed to sound radiation every day, its intensity reaches 75 dB. If a person is too often outdoors or at home with ajar windows, he may gradually develop deterioration and hearing loss. It is forbidden to listen to players at maximum volume and for a long time.
- Hereditary hearing impairment - includes birth defects or deafness. What other causes of hearing losshappen?
- The use of certain medications can cause deterioration, including deafness.
- Hearing loss caused by inflammatory pathologies of the middle ear. In inflammatory diseases, especially of a chronic nature, sound conduction through the components of the middle ear to the cochlea is disturbed.
- Another reason for hearing loss is vascular pathology. Its decrease is very often formed in such vascular diseases as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and becomes one of the signs of these pathologies.
- Hearing loss in children can be caused by physical trauma. The trauma that causes hearing loss can be inflicted on both the ear itself and the center in the brain that processes sound information.
We covered what a rumor is.
