When there is a gradual death of hepatocytes due to the completion of blood supply under the influence of harmful external and internal factors, in this case, liver necrosis is formed. The disease, as a rule, is expressed by painful sensations in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, fever, average liver growth. To establish the diagnosis of "liver necrosis", experts recommend performing tests without delay, since a positive result of therapy will depend on the correctness of the treatment.
What is liver necrosis
This form of the disease is formed against the background of a violation of blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal effects. The necrosis, as a rule, occurs locally and has distinct edges. As a result of injury, tissues begin to fester with gradual rejection, or they melt with the formation of a rather dense scar.
Liver necrosis has two main forms:
- The disease is accompanied by irreversible processes provoked by the direct death of the parenchyma.
- Liver necrosis is accompanied by rapid necrosis of the tissues of the organ.
As noted by experts, this disease is characterized by a fairly rapid progression. If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, in this case, a decrease in the liver and necrosis of a significant part of it is observed in a short period of time. As a result of this progression, the patient may fall into a hepatic coma, which in most cases leads to death.
Existing species
Liver necrosis is usually classified according to areas of tissue necrosis. Therefore, the following types of illness are distinguished:
- Necrosis of a local lesion. This type of disease is characterized by lesions of individual parts of the organ.
- Focal liver necrosis. This disease develops directly at the cellular level.
- Disseminated necrosis. The development of this type of disease is characterized by damage to hepatocytes in different areas of the organ.
- Bridged. This type is characterized by the merging into a single whole of all the injured parts of the organ, thereby forming necrotic bands.
Massive necrosis and hepatic coma
Massive necrosis of the liver should be emphasized separately, since it is incurable and quite often leads to the death of the patient. As a rule, this type of disease is formed against the background of hepatitis or intoxication of the body with poisons. According to experts, massive necrosis has an exceptionally acute course, while rather large lesions are formed.
With massive necrosis of the liver, the patient has pronounced jaundice, fever, and nervous breakdowns. There are several variations of the onset of this condition: spontaneously and through a renal coma. As a rule, doctors distinguish 3 variations of coma:
- Spontaneous. In a patient, the liver ceases to fulfill its purpose, as a result of which toxins enter other organs, and the brain is no exception. As a result, the main symptom arises - a disorder of the nervous system.
- Exogenous. This condition is characterized by a partial violation of the functionality of the organ, in the body, as a rule, there is an accumulation of ammonia, which leads to severe intoxication.
- Hypokalemia. With this form of illness, the functioning of the organ is performed partially. It should also be noted that the electrolyte balance is significantly disturbed, which provokes dehydration of the body, and as a result, exhaustion occurs.
Forms of illness
Regarding the course of the disease, the disease has various forms. The most common are:
- Coagulation. A feature of this form of the disease is, first of all, the destruction of hepatocytes enriched in protein. The cause of cell injury is the precipitation of calcium ions in them, as well as a significant increase in the enzyme activity of the organ. Experts distinguish between subspecies of this form of the disease: partial and complete. Partial is characterized by the fact that there is a systematic modification of the cell membranes of the organ. Complete, in turn, is characterized by a holistic injuryhepatocytes. With respect to external signs, destroyed cells turn into uneven foci with crescent-shaped nuclei. As a rule, infections are provocateurs of the disease.
- Collivaction. This form of the disease is characterized by an abnormal modification of hepatocytes with a low protein content. Characteristically, the structure of the cells is empty without the presence of a nucleus. Experts note that necrotic cells are characterized by significant dimensions with clearly defined boundaries. As a rule, they are localized far from the sources of blood supply to the organ. In the last period of formation, focal collimation necrosis may develop. Regarding the strength of manifestation and characteristics of the location in the hepatic lobule, the following subspecies of necrosis can be distinguished: focal, zonal centrilobular, submassive and massive.
- Stepped. This form of the disease is characterized by direct necrosis of hepatocytes located near the passages of the portal vein. The provocateur of the formation of ailments is a sharp deterioration in the course of hepatitis, cirrhosis.
- Fulminant necrosis of the liver is the most severe form of the disease. Experts note large-scale injury to hepatocytes, and immediate foci reach significant dimensions. Fulminant necrosis of the liver is characterized by lightning death of a significant number of elements, which increases the risk of death.
- The bridge form is formed against the background of the rallying of the dead areas of the parenchyma of the organ. This form is characterized by an acute course. Experts note that this form of the disease is significantlyincreases the risk of untreated blood entering the internal organs.
Etiology of disease
According to experts, there are many reasons that can provoke the formation of liver necrosis. Significant causes of liver necrosis are injury to the organ. Shocks are classified as external factors in the development of the disease. It is also possible to classify radiation damage as external bases. Experts note that the most common causes of the development of ailments are viral infections. These diseases include hepatitis B, C, D. Most often, patients with a disease such as hepatitis B experience acute liver necrosis. With prolonged or systematic use of alcohol, the patient develops hepatos, which later flows into alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, which, in turn, quickly degenerates into necrosis.
Also, an essential reason for the development of the disease is intoxication of the body. Poisoning can occur as a result of prolonged alcohol consumption at the time of drug treatment, drug use. Regarding the reviews of experts, liver necrosis can even provoke natural toxicosis in pregnant women in the second half of motherhood.
Sepsis may be the basis for the formation of necrosis. Oncology is of considerable seriousness, since during the treatment of this disease, the liver takes on a significant shock. Doctors say that the liver may simply notcope with the tasks and step into the decomposition phase.
There is also a risk of necrosis as a result of an organ transplant. Since it happens that the iron does not take root, the consequences of this are the processes of rejection and decay. In such cases, it is quite difficult to save the patient, because lightning-fast blood poisoning occurs.
The reasons for the development of necrosis can be considered a banal, at first glance, metabolic disorder.
Symptoms
According to doctors, for quite a long time, liver necrosis has “silent” symptoms. Therefore, the first features of the expression are non-specific.
Liver necrosis symptoms at the initial stage of formation contains:
- Nausea.
- Loss of appetite.
- Stool disorder.
- Vomiting.
- Weight loss.
- Jaundice.
In the fair sex, necrosis can be manifested by a disruption of menstruation, and in men, in turn, there may be problems with potency.
As the liver necrosis develops, the symptoms become much more pronounced. The subsequent stages of the development of the disease are characterized by an increase in the abdominal region, swelling of the ankles.
In the first stage of the development of the disease, the following symptoms may appear:
- Weakness, lethargy.
- No food.
- Lingering feeling of nausea.
Specific manifestations of the disease can be classified as:
- Unusual color of urine and feces.
- Varicose veins.
- Trembling in hands.
When quite serious modifications of an organ occur in the body, in this case it is possible to single out the following symptoms:
- Increase in the size of the abdomen. Typically, the cause of this modification is the accumulated fluid.
- Spastic pain in the right hypochondrium.
- Passion for the size of the liver and spleen.
- Apathy, hallucinations.
Diagnosis of liver necrosis
At the slightest suspicion of the formation of an ailment, the patient should consult with such specialists:
- Gastroenterologist.
- Surgeon.
- Resuscitator.
Since liver necrosis (symptoms and treatment can only be determined by a qualified specialist) is a dangerous disease, doctors do not recommend self-medication. Because, without knowing the diagnosis, you can only aggravate the course of the disease.
The key diagnostic procedures are:
- Ultrasound.
- MRI, CT of the injured organ and biliary tract.
- Single photon emission CT.
With the help of this diagnosis, the direct foci of trauma to the parenchyma are determined. In order to obtain more accurate information about the immediate course and nature of tissue injury, as a rule, a puncture biopsy is used.
Treatment of liver necrosis - basic methods
No specialist can diagnose "liver necrosis" without undergoing diagnostics. Treatment starts first withelimination of the cause of the formation of the disease. According to experts, viral hepatitis is a particularly frequent root cause of the disease. Therefore, the course of therapy includes antiviral medications. This series of funds is characterized by cumulative characteristics, therefore, their effectiveness may be noticed after a while.
It is mandatory to include hepatoprotectors in therapy, which are used to directly support or restore organ functions with minor injury. Also, experts insist that the patient renounce all addictions, otherwise the therapy will not bring a positive effect.
If the cause of the formation of the disease is intoxication of the body, in this case, the therapy includes measures regarding detoxification.
If liver necrosis (a photo of the disease is presented in the article) was provoked by cirrhosis, in this case, the key way of healing is to refuse alcohol consumption, and hepatoprotectors will help maintain the organ.
Intensive care
Direct care of patients with acute liver necrosis is done in the intensive care unit.
Intensive care for liver necrosis is urgently directed to eliminate, first of all, liver failure.
Principles:
- Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause that provoked the onset of pathology.
- Treatment should be started immediately.
- Compulsory hospitalizationpatient.
- Healing is aimed at directly supporting the metabolism and the body as a whole.
- As evidenced by numerous reviews of experts, if the cause of liver failure is eliminated within 10 days, while maintaining the life support of the patient, hepatocyte regeneration occurs, which makes it possible for a person, first of all, to survive.
Folk remedies
There are no alternative medicine methods to cure this disease. But as a prophylactic, traditional medicine recipes can be applied. To improve the functionality of the liver, you can use rose hips, the color of calendula and immortelle. You can make your own healing infusion from these herbs.
Diet for liver necrosis
When diagnosed with "liver necrosis" the patient must renounce the consumption of alcohol. The attending physician must develop and write down a balanced diet menu without fail.
As a rule, with such an ailment, table number 5 is used, which implies the complete exclusion of s alt. The patient's diet should be based on the following foods:
- Vegetables.
- Fruits.
- Porridge.
- Grey bread.
- Diet meat.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the methods of cooking. Food is best boiled, baked or cooked in a steam bath.
Sour milk can be included in the diet, but in small quantities. In the dietthe menu is allowed to add fish, since it is the source of most trace elements.
But it should be remembered that the treatment of any disease will be most effective with timely detection and treatment. Therefore, if signs of illness appear, it is better to consult a specialist.
