Instructions for the use of "Ceftriaxone" for pneumonia and other diseases indicates that its bactericidal effect is achieved by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls (gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic, gram-positive aerobic microorganisms). Under laboratory conditions, activity has been established against most strains of the following microorganisms:
- citrobacter freundi;
- Providence;
- salmonella;
- streptococci;
- shigella;
- genus Bacteroids and others.
According to the instructions for use of "Ceftriaxone", methicillin-resistant staphylococci are insensitive to the drug, as well as to other cephalosporins. Streptococci gr. are also resistant to this antibiotic. D, as well as enterococci (including E. faecalis).
Pharmacokinetics of the drug
"Ceftriaxone" when administered intramuscularly is quickly and completely absorbed into the bloodstream, penetrating well into tissues, organs and body fluids. In case of meningeal infectioneffectively enters the cerebrospinal fluid. The bioavailability of the drug for intramuscular injections is 100%. In adults, in 2 days, 50-60% of "Ceftriaxone" is excreted unchanged by the urinary system, about 40-50% goes to the intestines as part of bile, where it is converted into an inactive metabolic product. In newborns, approximately 70% of the substance is excreted in the urine.
Issue form
Released in the form of a powder for diluting solutions that are administered intravenously (stream or drip) and intramuscularly in various doses: 0.5 grams; 1 gram; 2 grams. Ceftriaxone is not available in tablets.
Indications for use
Infection with cephalosporin-susceptible bacteria. Below is a list of indications for Ceftriaxone:
- infections of the gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, peritonitis, acute purulent cholecystitis;
- inflammation of the respiratory organs (pneumonia, lung abscess, purulent pleurisy, etc.);
- infectious lesions of the skeletal system and joints;
- lesion of the skin layer and soft tissues;
- purulent wounds and burns;
- endocarditis;
- meningitis;
- inflammation of the urinary tract (eg, pyelonephritis);
- sepsis;
- salmonellosis and carriage of salmonella;
- typhoid;
- tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease);
- syphilis;
- chancroid;
- gonorrhea;
- infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients;
- prevention of postoperative bacterial complications.
This is just a small list of what Ceftriaxone helps with. The tool has a wide spectrum of action and is used for many diseases.
Contraindications
In general, the drug is well tolerated by the body. With its introduction with side effects, patients are quite rare. But still there are situations in which the use of the drug should not be, as it is possible to cause harm to the body. It is strictly forbidden to use the medication in case of hypersensitivity to one of its ingredients. A significant contraindication will be severe conditions in diseases of the kidneys and liver. The drug is not prescribed in the first trimester to women in position. Ceftriaxone solution is not administered during breastfeeding, as it is concentrated in milk, which may affect the condition of the child. With increased caution, the drug is administered to children with neonatal jaundice, patients with diseases of the intestinal tract, including enteritis and colitis.
Side effects
Instructions for use "Ceftriaxone" states that when using the substance both intravenously and intramuscularly, the therapeutic agent can activate side effects. The digestive system can respond to the intake of funds. After the introduction of the drug, the skin and sclera may acquire a yellowish tint.
Patients are faced with inflammation in the large intestine. Children complain of upset or colitis. Often patients afteruse of the drug notice allergic manifestations: swelling, irritation, redness, hives, rashes.
Serum sickness and anaphylactic shock occur. With the introduction of the drug intravenously or locally, the temperature may increase, a febrile state may appear, accompanied by chills, confusion, agitation. Sand can be intensively formed in the kidneys, and the content of eosinophils in the blood can increase.
During the use of the substance intravenously or intramuscularly, it is forbidden to drink alcohol, since ethanol can provoke powerful spasms in the intestinal tract, leading to a rapid drop in blood pressure.
How many days to inject Ceftriaxone for pneumonia and other diseases?
Patients over 12 years of age are prescribed a dosage of 1-2 g / day or 0.5-1 g every twelve hours. A maximum of 4 g of medication is taken per day. Children weighing 50 kilograms or more use the adult dosage.
Newborns (up to two weeks) are allowed "Ceftriaxone" at a dosage of 0.02-0.05 g / kg of body weight per day. The dose for infants and children under 12 years of age is 0.02 - 0.08 g/kg body weight per day.
The duration of the therapeutic course is determined, taking into account the nature of the course and the severity of the disease. For example, for bacterial meningitis, infants and young children are prescribed 0.1 g / kg once a day. Maximum 4 g per day. Depending on the causative agent of the disease is calculatedduration of therapy: from 4 days for meningeal infection caused by gram-negative diplococci, up to 10-14 days for infection with enterobacteria.
Children are prescribed "Ceftriaxone" at a dosage of 1 time per day 0.05-0.75 g / kg of body weight, or half of this dose every 12 hours, but not more than 2 g / day. For other forms of infection, children are prescribed 0.03 g / kg every 12 hours, similarly, the dose should not exceed 2 g per day. In the case of otitis media, the drug is administered intramuscularly at 0.05 g / kg of body weight, but not more than 1000 mg in total.
In case of impaired renal function, a dosage change will be required only in case of end-stage renal failure (creatinine clearance below 0.01 ml / min) according to the instructions for use. The course of "Ceftriaxone" will be as follows: the daily volume should not exceed 2 g.
"Ceftriaxone" for gonorrhea 0.25 g is prescribed once intramuscularly. As a prophylaxis of postoperative bacterial complications, a dose of 1-2 g is prescribed (taking into account the level of risk of bacterial infection) once before surgery 30-90 minutes before surgery. When operating on the large intestine, it is recommended to introduce an additional substance from the group of 5-nitroimidazoles.
Rules for dilution and use of "Ceftriaxone"
Many are interested in how to dilute Ceftriaxone injections. Tablets are not produced, although they would be more convenient to use. Preparations for injections are diluted right before the injection. Freshly prepared solution of "Ceftriaxone" at room temperatureretains its medicinal properties up to 6 hours.
Ceftriaxone solution with lidocaine for intramuscular injections: half a gram of the drug for 2 ml of lidocaine, and a gram for 3.5 ml of the solvent. In the second case, the effect of the drug does not change, but it will be more painful when administered. It is recommended to put no more than 1 gram of medicine in one buttock. Ceftriaxone with lidocaine is the most common remedy for the above conditions.
Ceftriaxone solution for injection (intravenously) is prepared in the following proportions: half a gram of the drug per 5 ml, and 1 gram per 10 ml of special sterile water. The prepared solution is put into a vein slowly: in about 2-4 minutes. The doctor will indicate how many days to inject Ceftriaxone, and what this drug helps with.
Solutions for intravenous antibiotic infusions are prepared as follows: dilute 2 g of "Ceftriaxone" with 40 ml of one of these solvents: 0.9% sodium chloride solution, or 5% levulose, or 5-10% - leg glucose. The dosage of the drug is 0.05 g / kg of body weight and above, put into a vein with a dropper for half an hour.
Interaction with other means
Medicine is incompatible with antimicrobials. With its use, the effect of aminoglycosides increases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can increase the risk of bleeding. Kidney dysfunction can be caused by nephrotoxic pharmaceuticals and diuretics.
Overdose
Whenan overdose of a pharmaceutical agent may increase side effects. Treatment is based on symptomatic relief. In this case, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis will be ineffective.
Special Instructions
With prolonged therapy, it is necessary from time to time to monitor the condition of the blood, plasma, and kidneys. In rare situations, during the period of an ultrasound of the gallbladder, doctors record blackouts. They disappear instantly after the solution is canceled. The use of the antibiotic is not interrupted, even if the patient begins to complain of pain under the ribs, however, symptomatic treatment will certainly be carried out.
The first injection of a substance with lidocaine is carried out with all precautions, as the drug provokes allergies. Before starting treatment, it is best to do a test: a little substance is injected into the muscle and the patient's condition is monitored. If there are no manifestations of a negative nature, then the drug can be brought. However, another buttock is used for this.
Rocefin
This medicine is used for bacterial inflammation: peritonitis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchitis, diseases of bones and joints, skin and muscles.
Rocefin prophylaxis can be done after surgery. It is prescribed for people with very weak immune systems.
Cefotaxime
"Cefotaxime" - cephalosporinantibiotic intended for parenteral administration. Produced in the form of a powder for injection solutions. The action is carried out by inhibiting the synthesis of mucopeptide in the cell walls of microorganisms. Suppresses the activity of microorganisms that can show resistance to other antibiotics. "Cefotaxime" is an analogue of "Ceftriaxone". The following indications are given in the instructions for use:
- infectious diseases;
- gonorrhea;
- sepsis;
- salmonella;
- infected wounds and burns;
- peritonitis;
- immunodeficiency infections.
Cefazolin
Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic. Brief description:
- has a bactericidal effect;
- interacts with penicillin-binding proteins;
- active against microorganisms.
When using the drug, various side effects are possible (intestinal disorders, allergic reactions, dysbacteriosis).
Indications:
- soft tissue infections;
- endocarditis;
- gonorrhea;
- pneumonia;
- osteomyelitis;
- sepsis, etc.
In pharmacies, the medicine is presented in two forms of release - powder (1000 and 500 mg). One pack contains 1-50 vials.
Azaran
Powder for making a solution for injection into a vein or muscle from white to white with yellowshade. It has an antiseptic effect, inhibiting the division of the bactericidal cell wall.
Indications "Azaran" - an analogue of "Ceftriaxone":
- peritonitis;
- pelvic infections;
- bone and joint infections;
- urinary system infections;
- blood poisoning;
- bacterial meningitis.
"Azaran" is also used for other infectious diseases. Contraindications are individual intolerance to the enzymes of the drug, diseases of the liver, kidneys.
Amoxiclav
"Amoxiclav" is a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug. Active substances: clavulanic acid, which contributes to the suppression of many b-lactamases, amoxicillin and penicillin. This combination of active substances "Amoxiclav" allows you to achieve a high bactericidal activity of the drug. Clavulanic acid prevents the degradation of amoxicillin enzymes under the influence of b-lactamases. Due to which there is a bactericidal effect on a wide range of strains, even those with resistance to antibiotics as a result of the formation of b-lactamases. The indication of "Ceftriaxone" analogue is the therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases:
- skin;
- female reproductive system;
- urinary system;
- bones and joints;
- biliary tract;
- respiratory tract (chronic and acute forms of otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis and pharyngitis)
For adults – 375mg (1 tablet) three times a day. With a complex course of the disease, the dosage can be increased to 625 mg three times a day.
Cephalexin
One capsule contains the active substance: 250 g of cephalexin. Additional Substances:
- cellulose ether and methadone;
- calcium s alt and stearic acid;
- potato starch.
Hard to the touch yellow gelatin capsules. The capsule contains a powder with granules of white-yellow color, has a pungent odor. Sometimes this drug can be found in dense capsule columns or in the form of tablets. The drug is very fragile and may crumble under pressure.
The main package contains 10 capsules (tablets) and 3 blister packs with paper instructions for use. And in packages for hospitals, contour boxes are placed - 150 pieces and the corresponding number of paper instructions for use. Everything is placed in a large cardboard box.
Amoxicillin
"Amoxicillin" is an analogue of "Ceftriaxone". This is a drug, bactericidal action. It is used against most bacteria, except for anaerobic microorganisms. The antibiotic penetrates without problems into all organs and tissues. It is used in the treatment of diseases caused by sensitive bacterial microflora.
"Amoxicillin" is made in the form of tablets, capsules. Reception before or after meals, 0.5 g three times a day. Patients 5 to 10years, a tablet (250 mg) is given three times a day. Preschool children are given a dose of 125 mg. For those under two years of age, a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight is calculated. The course of treatment is about a week, depending on the severity of the disease. For gonorrhea, the dosage is 3 g once.
