Nursing interventions, which are reflected in the plan of patient care, are a list of those actions that a nurse will take in order to solve the problems of a particular patient. In the event that the problem is potential, then such intervention can be aimed at preventing its transition into a real one.
A patient care plan may contain more than one activity that may address a single problem. This principle allows both the nurse and the patient to realize that several actions have been taken that will help achieve the desired result.
Guidelines
Nursing interventions are based on certain principles:
- Compliance with science.
- Specific and clear. This is necessary so that any sister can perform certain actions.
- Reality of performance inwithin a certain period of time, as well as within the sister's qualifications.
- The focus is on eliminating a specific problem, as well as on achieving the goal that has been set.
The way in which nursing interventions are carried out, in fact, like the entire planning stage, depends on the model that has been chosen.
Target of intervention
The purpose of the nursing process is the desire to do whatever is necessary to carry out the designated plan of care for the patient in accordance with the overall goal.
There are two main reasons for setting goals for interventions:
- The direction in which the nurse's actions will be taken should be determined.
- The target data is subsequently used to determine the effectiveness of interventions.
The main task of nursing intervention is to involve the patient in this process. After all, this is how the patient's motivation for success occurs, which leads to his speedy recovery. His sister convinces him that it is possible to achieve goals by working together, and together they determine the path they will take.
The intervention plan should include individual goals based on the diagnosis or dominant need. It is they who will be subsequently considered as a result of nursing care.
Types of goals
Depending on the deadlines, there are short-term and long-term goals. The first are those that can be achieved in one to two weeks, and the second are those that can be achieved after the patient is discharged from the hospital.
All nursing care goals must have three components:
- execution, which is a specific action;
- criteria that reflects the time to reach;
- a condition that shows who or what can help achieve the goal.
For example, the patient will be able to sit on the bed with pillows on the fifth day.
Requirements for goals
There are also several requirements that apply when setting goals for a sister's intervention:
- They must be realistic and achievable.
- Each goal should have its own specific time frame within which it will be achieved.
- The patient should be involved in setting each goal. As already mentioned, in nursing intervention, the patient's motivation for success is extremely important.
Patient Assistance Systems
There are only three systems in which patient care is provided:
1. fully compensatory. Several types of patients most often need such assistance, in particular:
- those who cannot independently perform any kind of action due to being in an unconscious state;
- those who are conscious but unable to move due to illness or at the insistence of the attending physician.
- those who cannot make independent decisions due to their illness.
2. partially compensatory. In this case, the sister's tasks should be distributed depending on the degree of limitation of the patient's movement, as well as on how ready the patient is to perceive and perform certain actions.
3. supportive or advisory. Occurs when the patient is capable of self-care and is able to learn the activities to be performed with the help of a nurse (example: outpatient care).
Nursing intervention plan
Once the main goals of nursing care for the main diagnosis of the patient have been formulated, the scope of the necessary interventions should be planned. The plan in this case can be called a complete list of the sister's necessary actions that she must take in order to achieve the goals. The list must be made in writing. Nursing intervention planning is based on this.
Main classification
There are three main types of intervention: dependent, interdependent, and independent actions.
Dependent nursing intervention is an action that a nurse performs in accordance with the instructions of a doctor, and also under his strict supervision. She has no right to deviate from his recommendations.
Independent nursing intervention can be called those actions of a sister that she can perform independently, within the framework of hercompetencies. Such interventions may include observing how the patient is adjusting to illness or assisting with the patient's personal hygiene activities.
Interdependent nursing intervention can be defined as those actions that are interconnected with the work of other medical professionals and are aimed at helping the patient. Such actions may include manipulations carried out in preparing the patient for a laboratory test or participation in the consultation of a doctor, such as a nutritionist.
Nursing Intervention Techniques
Nursing care should be planned to accommodate the patient's needs and the goal is to satisfy them. Methods include:
- Providing first aid to a patient.
- Help with doctor's orders.
- Psychological support and assistance.
- Help with technical manipulations.
- Help to create an environment that will be comfortable for the patient and will help meet their basic needs.
- Educate and counsel the patient and their family members if required.
Pain management
Nursing interventions for pain are aimed at eliminating the causes of its occurrence, as well as alleviating the suffering of the patient. Sometimes the discomfort is irreversible. This is the case with chronic diseases. In such cases, the intervention will be drug therapy and work with the patient to overcome painfulsensations. In this case, apply heat or cold, rub or stroke the pathological area. How to determine what kind of pain is bothering a person?
Indicators that indicate how much pain a patient is in have not yet been developed. But there are special devices that allow you to evaluate the sensations of discomfort in strength and character. You can find out what intensity of pain a patient has if you carefully observe various indirect phenomena:
- high blood pressure;
- are pupils dilated;
- rapid breathing;
- face turned red or pale;
- muscle twitching;
- Do lips bite.
Examples of nursing interventions
1. All appointments must be carried out, all changes in the patient's condition should be reported to the doctor. This is an example of dependent intervention.
2. Observation of the patient, provision of first aid, personal hygiene of the patient, prevention of nosocomial infection, organization of leisure, advice and education of the patient. This is an independent intervention.3. Collaboration with caregivers, assistance, support. Advising the patient on issues of interest to him. This is an example of interdependent interference.
We examined such a concept as nursing intervention, its types and methods.
