Today even children know what antibiotics are. However, the concept of broad-spectrum drugs sometimes baffles adults, causing many questions. Let's talk about the use of antibiotics intramuscularly and find out which ones are used for bronchitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia.
For bronchitis
Only antibiotics can help cure bronchitis, any other means only alleviate the patient's condition. Many people who have noted the first symptoms of the pathology in question begin bronchitis therapy with propolis, soda, garlic and other folk remedies and ordinary cough pills, but this is fundamentally wrong. Only antibacterial drugs can get rid of inflammation and pathogenic organisms directly (bronchitis has an infectious etiology), and all other methods of treatment and remedies will only alleviate the condition. This does not mean at all that you need to immediately apply antibiotics intramuscularly for bronchitis. First you needvisit a doctor. He will conduct the necessary examinations of the patient and prescribe effective therapy.
It is important to note that in the presence of acute bronchitis, antibiotics are not prescribed at all. The fact is that this form of the inflammation process is distinguished by viral etiology, and the medications in question are absolutely useless in the fight against viruses. Antibiotics are prescribed in tablets and injections, but are often used in the form of pills. This helps patients to complete the entire course of therapy on an outpatient basis, without being in the hospital. Doctors may prescribe intramuscular antibiotics in the following cases:
- When the temperature reaches high limits and remains at this level for more than a day.
- If there is pus in the sputum.
- When observing bronchial spasms and severe shortness of breath.
In addition, antibiotics can be used when performing inhalations with a nebulizer. By the way, this device is considered the most effective method of treatment: the medicine gets on the walls of the bronchi, which are affected by inflammatory processes, and acts locally.
Old generation antibiotics for bronchitis
Most often, in the treatment of bronchitis of various forms and types, doctors prescribe penicillins. These are drugs that belong to the old generation, but this does not make them less effective. Recommended are Augmentin, Panklav, Amoxiclav.
The recommended dose is 625 milligrams per dose. There should be three such receptions per day (that is, every eight hours). It is important to note that penicillinsproduce a very good effect. True, very often resistance of pathogenic bacteria that provoked bronchitis to these drugs is revealed. Therefore, the patient is prescribed a medicine, and then the dynamics of the development of the disease is monitored for three days. In the absence of a positive shift, the antibiotic is replaced with another, more effective one.
Use of macrolides for bronchitis
In the event that the patient has intolerance or sensitivity to antibiotics from the penicillin category, then he is prescribed macrolides. These include Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Oleandomycin and others.
These drugs are produced most often in the form of tablets, so the dosage is calculated as follows: use one tablet per dose, There should be at least three doses per day. That is, you need to take a pill every eight hours.
The use of modern antibiotics
In the presence of obstructive bronchitis, new generation antibiotics are prescribed intramuscularly. We are talking about cephalosporins, which are injected into the body only by injection, that is, intramuscularly, and in especially severe cases this is done intravenously. These include: Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the exact dosage of broad-spectrum antibiotics intramuscularly should be prescribed by the attending physician, since it will depend directly on the severity of the pathology, as well as on the general condition of the patient and onneglect of inflammatory processes.
Use of fluoroquinolones
In the event that the patient was previously diagnosed with bronchitis, then at the first symptoms of its exacerbation, it is necessary to take fluoroquinolones, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics. They are identical to cephalosporins, but more gentle. The most commonly prescribed are Moxifloxacin, as well as Lefofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.
Recommend therapy for a short seven-day course. In this case, any of the above antibiotics is administered intramuscularly twice a day. What amount of the drug is required per injection, only the doctor determines. It is worth noting that in this case it is unreasonable to make a decision on your own. The chronic form of bronchitis is always treated with antibiotics, as they help to transfer the inflammatory process to the stage of long-term remission.
Nebulizer and antibiotics
Inhalations with a nebulizer are especially effective for bronchitis. Antibiotics can be used for inhalation with this device. It is worth noting that the effect of them will be rendered almost immediately, because in this case the drug will act in a directed way and immediately after it enters the body. Often, Fluimucil is prescribed for this type of treatment. This is a medicine that contains an antibacterial agent for thinning sputum in its composition. This antibiotic is available in powder form. It is required to take one package, and then dissolve in a small amountsodium chloride (maximum 5 milliliters). The resulting liquid is divided into two inhalations per day.
Fluimucil inhalations are very effective in the presence of purulent bronchitis, but they can also be prescribed for other types of inflammatory pathology under consideration.
Contraindications and indications
Antibiotics are quite powerful drugs that have contraindications and indications. Do not mindlessly use antibacterial agents. The fact is that in most situations they are useless, but they can have a negative impact on the functioning of the intestines and liver as a side effect. Therefore, you should be aware of the clear indications for prescribing antibiotics for the treatment of various types of bronchitis:
- The presence of a borderline high body temperature that cannot be reduced with conventional antipyretics.
- Appearance of purulent sputum contents.
- Developing bronchial spasms.
- The emergence of previously diagnosed chronic bronchitis.
It is strictly forbidden to prescribe antibiotics if the patient has:
- Diseases of the urinary system, which are characterized by a severe course (we are talking about kidney failure and nephropathy).
- When there is a violation of the functionality of the liver, for example, with certain types of hepatitis.
- Against the background of a peptic ulcer of the digestive system.
It is very important to exclude allergic reactions to antibiotics, as they develop rapidly in most cases, which caneven lead to anaphylactic shock. It should be taken into account that if, shortly before the onset of bronchitis, the patient has already been treated with antibacterial drugs of any group, then these drugs will be useless in the treatment of any type of bronchitis.
Ceftriaxone
Thanks to injections, the patient's body fights various infections more effectively, so the patient recovers much faster. Another important reason for their appointment is that when administered intramuscularly, the antibiotic does not enter the gastrointestinal tract, which means that it does not violate its microflora. But many injections are quite painful. To alleviate the discomfort of using them, you need to properly breed them. One of the most popular drugs is the antibiotic Ceftriaxone. It is used intramuscularly very often. Next, consider the subtleties and features of dilution of this antibiotic in order to achieve the best result.
When Ceftriaxone is used
The medicine is an injectable antibiotic from the cephalosporic group and belongs to the third generation. It has a wide range of effects, can destroy membranes in bacterial cells. Antibiotic "Ceftriaxone" intramuscularly is usually prescribed for the following infectious diseases:
- Against the background of pathologies of the respiratory tract, which include, for example, bronchopneumonia.
- With skin pathologies (for example, with erysipelas).
- Against the background of diseases of the genital organs (with gonorrhea and adnexitis).
- Whendiseases of the urinary system (against the background of paranephritis or pyelonephritis).
- With pathologies of the abdominal organs (with peritonitis) and a number of other problems.
It is important to remember that antibiotics help patients with bacterial infections, but they cannot fight diseases caused by viruses. A fairly common misconception is that an antibiotic will help "everything".
Why Ceftriaxone is bred
Most intramuscular antibiotics, including Ceftriaxone, are sold not as a ready-made solution for injection, but as a special lyophilized powder contained in sterile glass vials. Such a powder is used to prepare a solution with which injections are given. The drug "Ceftriaxone" is sold only in the form of a powder, there is no commercial version of it in the form of a liquid for injection.
But when using this type of antibiotic, it is important to know how the patient may react to a particular solution.
How to inject antibiotics intramuscularly? It is required to know what exactly is allowed to be used to dilute the powder (for example, water or Lidocaine), and also to find out if a person has allergic reactions that can interfere with treatment and worsen the patient's condition. It is also important to ask your doctor where exactly to inject, because a local anesthetic solution is usually not used if the prepared solution must be administered intravenously.
"Ceftriaxone": application of the solution
Foradministration of antibiotics intramuscularly, the same liquids are used that are intended for diluting drugs in a powdered state. It can be water for injection, sodium chloride solution, Lidocaine, Novocaine.
It is important to understand that the effectiveness of an antibiotic does not at all depend on which liquid is chosen for dilution. If a person dilutes the powder with water or chooses Lidocaine, then there will be no difference in the effectiveness of the remedy. But there will be a fundamental difference in the patient's feelings. Proper dilution helps to reduce negative painful effects, simplifying the use of the drug and making it more comfortable for the patient. It is always necessary to check with the doctor how to dilute the drug in a particular case. This is especially true when an injection is given to a child. Even if the baby tolerates Lidocaine well, it must be diluted in equal proportions with saline sodium chloride.
It is also important to know that the prepared solution can only be used once. Even if the drug "Ceftriaxone" was prepared with a margin, when there is enough of it left, it is still necessary to throw out the remainder, since it can no longer be used. It is not worth diluting the medicine for the future. Even if you put it in the refrigerator, it will no longer be good.
How to breed
Ceftriaxone should be diluted depending on how it will be administered in the future: intramuscularly or intravenously. This will fundamentally change the procedure for diluting the drug. Next, consider a small instruction.
Intramuscular administration
How to administer an antibiotic intramuscularly?
To apply "Ceftriaxone", you need to take "Lidocaine" in the form of a one percent solution and in a volume of 3 milliliters. Also suitable is "Lidocaine" in the form of a two percent solution and water for injection. Next, you need to inject the solvent into the vial with the antibiotic powder with a syringe, stir by shaking. The powder is very easy to dilute, dissolves quickly enough. In this case, no sediment will remain, there will be no turbidity. If such defects appear, it means that not everything is in order with the solution. Applying "Ceftriaxone" in an urgent manner after this is not recommended. After dissolving the powder, the necessary dose of medicine is drawn up with a syringe and administered to the patient.
The dosage used for adults is up to 2 grams of the drug per day. It is generally not recommended to inject more than a gram of medication into one gluteal muscle.
At what dosage should I use an antibiotic for children intramuscularly?
In the event that a person is under twelve years old, it is required to use from 20 to 80 milligrams of medicine per kg of the child's weight. In some cases, they may prescribe 100 mg of the drug per 1 kg of the baby's weight (for example, with bacterial meningitis). The dose is determined only by the doctor. It depends on how severe the disease progresses.
Antibiotics for pneumonia
Antibiotics intramuscularly for pneumonia are the main component of the treatment process. Inflammation of the lungs, as a rule, begins acutely. Symptoms include fever, severe cough with yellowish or brown sputum, and chest pain when breathing.
In the treatment of pneumonia requires urgent hospitalization of the patient in a hospital. Such a patient is shown bed rest along with vitamin nutrition. It is also important to take plenty of fluids in the form of juice, tea, milk, and in addition mineral water.
Given that inflammation of the lung tissues most often occurs due to the penetration of pathogenic organisms into them, the surest way to combat the pathogen is an intramuscular injection of an antibiotic. This method of administration allows you to keep a high concentration of the antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the effective fight against bacteria. Often, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia, because it is simply impossible to instantly identify the pathogen, and any delay can cost a person life.
What are the most commonly prescribed intramuscular antibiotics?
Macrolides are widely used for the treatment of such inflammation, for example, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin, Spiramycin. In addition, antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group (Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin) are used. To increase the effectiveness of therapy, the use of antibiotics is carried out according to a special scheme. First, antibiotic injections are given intramuscularly, and then drugs are prescribed in tablets.
Use of antibiotics for pneumonia in children
Antibiotics are administered intramuscularly to children immediately after the diagnosis is confirmed. Compulsory hospitalization, and in the presence of a complex course, sending to intensive care, children are subject to if:
- The baby is less than two months old, regardless of the location of the inflammatory process and the severity.
- Child under three years of age diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
- Baby under five years old, and he has a diagnosis: the defeat of more than one lobe of the lung.
- Children with a history of encephalopathy.
- Children with congenital defects of the circulatory system and heart muscle.
- Children suffering from chronic pathologies of the respiratory and cardiac systems, with diabetes and malignant pathologies.
- Children from families registered with social services.
- Children from orphanages, and, moreover, from families with difficult social and living conditions.
- Assign hospitalization of children in case of non-compliance with medical recommendations and home therapy.
- Babies suffering from severe pneumonia.
In the presence of mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the category of natural and synthetic penicillins are indicated. Natural antibiotics include "Benzylpenicillin", "Phenoxymethylpenicillin". Semi-synthetic penicillins are isoxozolylpenicillins ("Oxacillin") and aminopenicillins ("Ampicillin", "Amoxicillin").
Carboxypenicillins (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin) and ureidopenicillins (Azlocillin,"Piperacillin"). The best intramuscular antibiotic can only be found experimentally.
The described scheme for the treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the result of a bacterial analysis and the identification of the pathogen are obtained. After the pathogen is established, further therapy is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.
Let's consider which broad-spectrum antibiotics in intramuscular injections are the most popular.
Names of antibiotics used in patients with pneumonia
The names of antibiotics indicate which category a particular drug belongs to. For example, ampicillins include Oxacillin, Ampiox, Piperacillin, Carbenicillin and Ticarcillin. The cephalosporins include Klaforan, Cefobid, and so on.
To treat pneumonia in modern medicine, synthetic, natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics are used for intramuscular injections. Some variants of antibiotics act selectively and only on a certain type of bacteria, while others on a wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics that differ in a wide spectrum that it is customary to begin antibiotic therapy for pneumonia.
Prescribing Rules
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is administered intramuscularly to a patient based on the severity of the disease, the color of sputum, and so on.
- It is necessary to perform a sputum test to determine the pathogen, set the test for its sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Write out an antibiotic regimen,based on the analysis results. At the same time, the severity of the pathology is taken into account along with efficiency, the likelihood of developing complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug, and so on.
Antibiotics for sore throat
Antibiotics for angina intramuscularly need to be pierced the same as those used for oral administration. We are talking about the use of "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin", "Phenoxymethylpenicillin", "Erythromycin", "Augmentin" (which is a mixture of "Amoxicillin" and clavulanic acid), "Sultamicillin" (acting as a mixture of "Ampicillin" and "Sulbactam"), " Cefazolin, Cefalexin, Cephaloridin and Cefalotin. In particular, bicillins are usually prescribed at the end of the course of treatment in order to reliably prevent complications.
Antibiotics intramuscularly for angina should be prescribed by a doctor.
When you need to inject a patient with antibiotics for angina
Today, the doctor decides to inject antibiotics in the presence of a sore throat only in the following situations:
- If the patient is unable to swallow the drug on their own. For example, the patient may be unconscious. The person may vomit severely and do not have infusion equipment on hand.
- Use of oral antibiotics is not available. This, as a rule, is relevant within the framework of expeditionary conditions, in cases of natural disasters, when it is possible to use only what is in the first-aid kit for an emergency.
- As part of bicillin prophylaxiscomplications of angina when drugs are used that are administered only intramuscularly.
- When there is a need to use antibiotics in patients who do not follow the doctor's instructions and skip oral medication. In this case, we are talking about psychiatric hospitals and correctional facilities.
In all other situations, the doctor has the opportunity to choose exactly those drugs that, as part of oral administration, will give the desired effect in the required time frame.
