In the article brought to your attention, we propose to analyze the classification of rhinitis and briefly characterize each type. In addition, you will learn how to properly deal with this disease, and why it is dangerous.
Types and causes of disease
Before we move on to the classification of rhinitis, we suggest briefly getting acquainted with the term itself. So, according to medical terminology, they call everyone the usual runny nose. Inflammation of the mucous membrane leads to nasal congestion and copious discharge of fluid. You will find the types and causes of the disease in the table below.
| View | Reasons |
| Spicy | Infection, hypothermia or decreased immunity. |
| Chronic | Vitamin deficiencies, smoking, deviated septum, etc. |
| Viral | Viral infection of the nasal mucosa. |
| Bacterial | Streptococcus, staphylococcus, diphtheria, gonococcus, syphilis, etc. |
| Allergic (seasonal or year-round rhinitis) | Allergens. |
| Vasomotor | Pathologies of the spine, psychosomatics, wrong lifestyle. |
| Medicated | Frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs. |
| Hypertrophic | Wrong lifestyle or predisposition. |
| Hyperplastic | Thickening of the mucosa. |
| Atrophic | Exposure to chemicals and dust. |
| Dry | Contact with chemicals, dust, ENT surgery. |
| Rear and inner | Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, etc. |
Acute rhinitis
According to the ICD-10 code, rhinitis (acute) - J00. Symptoms include:
- discharge from the nose (the color and consistency may be different);
- swelling of the nasal mucosa;
- nosing obstruction;
- pain in the head;
- sneeze.
In total, there are 3 clinical stages of the disease:
- irritation (no nasal discharge);
- transparent highlights;
- purulent discharge.
Chronic rhinitis
In the classification of rhinitis, we mentioned the chronic form of the disease. A little more about her. It has a long form of flow (improvements and relapses). ICD-10 code for chronic rhinitis - J31.0 Symptoms include:
- duration over 2 weeks;
- breathing becomes even harder in the cold;
- lying on your side you will feel that one nostril has stopped breathing;
- accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx;
- smell reduced;
- possible frequent headachespain.
Viral rhinitis
Now about inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is caused by various viruses (flu, measles, encephalitis, smallpox, and so on). Viral rhinitis is often confused with acute catarrhal rhinitis, since the symptoms are similar, only in this case they are more pronounced:
- increased body temperature;
- sneeze;
- heavy discharge;
- weakness;
- joint and headache.
Such a runny nose can easily give complications in the form of:
- otitis media;
- sinusitis;
- laryngotracheitis.
Bacterial rhinitis
Next in the presented classification of rhinitis is bacterial. The causes of which are the following bacteria:
- Staphylococcus aureus;
- scarlet fever;
- gonococcus;
- pale treponema and others.
Symptoms are:
- thick purulent discharge;
- high body temperature;
- nasal congestion;
- pain in the head;
- weakness.
Possible complications:
- sinusitis;
- otitis media;
- laryngotracheitis;
- pharyngitis;
- bronchitis and so on.
Allergic rhinitis
As mentioned earlier, seasonal and year-round rhinitis are distinguished in this category. This disease is very common in big cities. This is a real global problem, because about 20% of the inhabitants of our planet(according to statistics) suffer from this disease.
Let's see what causes allergic rhinitis? Of course, foreign substances (allergens) are the culprits. To put it very simply, it is an allergy that manifests itself in the form of rhinitis.
Vasomotor rhinitis
Now we will pay a little attention to vasomotor rhinitis, symptoms and treatment of this disease. It is important to note that this form has been studied very little. It can be briefly described as a chronic runny nose with impaired functioning of the mucosal vessels. In this case, no inflammatory reaction is observed.
Let's move on to the symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis (and the treatment will certainly be considered by us, only in a separate paragraph, which you can see at the end of the article):
- discharge (watery consistency);
- itch;
- sneeze;
- possible feeling of a foreign body in the nose;
- nasal congestion at night (even if you breathe normally during the day);
- when lying on the side, one nostril does not breathe.
Medicated rhinitis
The table has already said that this ailment can disturb those people who have been using drugs that can constrict blood vessels for a long time. In this case, nasal congestion occurs, and inflammation of the mucous membrane is not observed.
Symptoms:
- stuffy nose;
- there is no discharge or they are scarce;
- possible tachycardia;
- possibly high blood pressure;
- smell reduced;
- frequent headaches.
Hypertrophic rhinitis
This species is a pathology. With hypertrophic rhinitis, there is a thickening of the nasal mucosa. It is worth noting that this can occur both over the entire inner surface and locally.
Symptoms include:
- nasal congestion;
- allocations;
- dry nose;
- dry mouth;
- nasiveness;
- stuffy ears.
Please note that in this case, the use of vasoconstrictors does not solve the problem of nasal congestion.
Hyperplastic rhinitis
This type of runny nose is possible only if excessive proliferation of cells of the nasal mucosa is noticed. In simpler terms, cells increase in number at a rapid rate, which leads to tissue growth. The result of this process is labored breathing.
Symptoms:
- stuffy nose;
- vasoconstrictor drugs do not alleviate the condition;
- nasiveness;
- ears stuffed up;
- often have a headache.
As you can see, the symptoms are identical with hypertrophic rhinitis. To pinpoint the problem, doctors use an adrenaline test.
Purulent rhinitis
It should be noted that the so-called purulent rhinitis itself does not exist as a separate species. Doctors use this term to more conveniently describe the symptoms of the disease. A runny nose that exudes pus can be:
- acute catarrh;
- rear;
- bacterial;
- viral;
- chronic.
Pus that is discharged from the nose may indicate:
- attachment of infection;
- complication of sinusitis.
In this case, it is urgent to visit a doctor, as purulent rhinitis requires a thorough diagnosis.
Dry rhinitis
This variety appears as a result of malnutrition of the mucosa. A distinctive feature is constant dryness in the nose. Dry rhinitis can occur for several reasons:
- constant contact with chemicals;
- exposure to high temperatures;
- alcoholism;
- tobacco smoking;
- ENT surgery.
Symptoms include:
- dry;
- crusts on the nasal mucosa;
- bloody nasal discharge;
- stuffiness;
- formation of viscous mucus.
Posterior and internal rhinitis
These two types in scientific circles are united by one term - nasopharyngitis. Separation is used to describe the specific location of the problem. So, for example, posterior rhinitis is called a runny nose, which developed as a result of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx due to a bacterial infection.
What are the symptoms of internal rhinitis? These include:
- stuffy nose;
- burns and dries up in the nasopharynx;
- discomfort when swallowing;
- enlarged cervical lymph nodes;
- yellow and thick nasal discharge;
- accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx,having an unpleasant smell, it causes difficulty breathing (it is worth noting that this is very dangerous for young children);
- in children - fever;
- malaise;
- weakness in the body.
Treatment
Now let's talk briefly about how to get rid of rhinitis. Of course, it is necessary to visit a doctor who can identify the cause, type and prescribe the correct treatment.
It is necessary to treat a runny nose, because rhinitis can cause the development of more serious diseases:
- otitis media;
- pharyngitis;
- sinusitis;
- pneumonia;
- bronchitis and so on.
One treatment of the common cold is not enough here, it is necessary to eliminate the problem of its appearance. Based on this, the treatment of rhinitis takes place in parallel with the elimination of the infection. More serious diseases that require special attention can also be the cause:
- gonorrhea;
- diphtheria;
- syphilis;
- measles.
How to cure rhinitis at home? As a rule, various drugs are used to facilitate nasal breathing. The basis of successful treatment is compliance with the recommendations specified in the instructions for a particular drug.
The procedures that are needed to treat rhinitis are not too numerous: nasal instillation, use of antiviral ointments, medication (prescribed by your doctor), inhalation if possible, adherence to the regimen. The latter include:compliance with bed, drinking regime, special diet.
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