Often, many women are biased towards a histological examination, because they think that a specialist directs him only if an oncological process is suspected in the patient's body. But this is an erroneous opinion. Gynecology is characterized by a wide range of indications for its implementation, and it is often used for diagnostic purposes.
For example, ovarian histology is a necessary stage of the therapeutic course. Let's look into this issue in more detail.
Histology: what is it?
The main function of histology is to analyze the structure, development and existence of tissues. Such a study in gynecology is required in the following cases:
- after a surgical or spontaneous abortion: endometrial or placental tissues are examined, the reasons for the miscarriage are established, as well as the condition of the reproductive organ as a whole, including also the cervix;
- if there is a possibility of an unfavorable pregnancy for the purpose of examining fetal tissues;
- after the tumor or cystic formation is excised to establish the origin, level of malignancy;
- for the purpose of analyzing the state of the endometrium and various pathologies of the uterine cervix after curettage of the reproductive organ;
- to establish the composition of tissues of polyps or papillomatous formations after their removal by surgery.
How is ovarian follicle histology performed? How many treatment options are there?
Varieties of research
In gynecology, histology means the possibility of carrying out several types of studies that are carried out in the following cases:
- detection of the state of the placenta after a missed pregnancy or spontaneous abortion, while the woman is assigned additional tests;
- determination of oncological processes: thanks to the study, it is possible to establish the degree of cellular malignancy and develop therapeutic tactics;
- detection of the state of the uterine endometrium, thanks to which it is possible to determine the causes of bleeding, pain syndrome, as well as the relief of the outer layer of the organ;
- a separate variety is a study of the uterine cervix, which is required to detect a number of pathologies: an oncological process, dysplasia, erosion, etc.;
- determination of the state of the ovaries, which is relevant in the presence of neoplasms in their structure,material for analysis is taken by puncture;
- histology of an ovarian cyst, carried out after surgery and allowing to assess the tissue structure, a similar procedure is carried out if other methods do not make it possible to see deviations in the reproductive state of a woman, and has several stages.
How are histological studies performed?
Ovarian histology both during and after surgery consists of the following steps:
- A special solution is applied to the material obtained during the study, which prevents the tissues from rotting.
- To increase the density of tissues, they are dehydrated, and then filled with paraffin. This forms a solid mass, which is necessary for making cuts.
- The material is divided into several parts using a microtome.
- Pieces are laid out on glass and stained, which is required to determine different structures (RNA, DNA, etc.).
- The tissues covered with glasses are examined with a microscope, which makes it possible to determine the presence of atypical cells in the structure of the ovary.
Histology usually lasts one to three weeks. The duration is determined by whether the medical institution has its own laboratory or whether the material needs to be delivered to another unit (this takes time). The procedure can be carried out urgently within a day immediately after the operation, but in this case one cannot judge one hundred percent accuracythe results obtained. Despite the popular belief, the histology of an ovarian tumor performed in a standard way is a reliable study that allows you to timely determine the malignant type of pathology.
Ovarian cyst removal surgery
Certain types of cysts cannot be cured by conservative means alone. In this case, surgery is required, which can be carried out in two ways:
- Laparoscopy is performed through a small hole in the wall of the abdomen with a laparoscope. Such an intervention is less traumatic, and is also characterized by a faster recovery.
- Laparotomy refers to the removal of an ovarian cyst through an incision made in the abdomen. Such operations are currently infrequent.
What are they guided by when choosing?
The following factors influence the choice of operation method:
- cyst type;
- size;
- general he alth;
- age of patient;
- availability of the necessary equipment in the clinic;
- possibility of complications.
Each operation is carried out with the following goals:
- determine the nature of the cyst, for which a histology is performed after the operation;
- prevent transformation into cancer;
- eliminate the cyst and keep the ovarian tissue he althy.
What types of cysts can be detected during histology
Afterremoval of an ovarian cyst, tissues taken during the operation are subjected to rigorous microscopic analysis, due to which they can be detected:
- education of a benign nature;
- border tumor;
- cancer of the epididymis.
There is no need to worry in the first case, but in the following cases, you need to see a doctor to undergo a detailed examination and prescribe treatment. Based on the histology of the ovary, therapy is selected exclusively individually. If the pathology has a malignant form, then a radical operation is usually performed, combined at the discretion of the doctor with chemical or radiation therapy. With the borderline nature of the formation, one can try to preserve the reproductive function, but in this case there is a risk of malignant transformation of the tumor. Benign neoplasms are:
- follicular and functional;
- endometrial;
- serous unilocular cystadenomas;
- paro-ovarian.
Mature teratomas and multi-chamber serous formations are quite safe for a woman's he alth. All tumors that can rapidly grow and degenerate into cancer are among the borderline histological conditions, which is why immediate surgical removal is most often required.
What does the histological examination of the cyst show
Most often, the results of ovarian histology are recorded in Latin, which is why decoding is a medical prerogative. On the form inthe upper part indicates the personal data of the woman, after the type of tissues and the site of their collection, the method of conducting the study (normal or urgent), the solutions used. Further, in the conclusion, the conclusions of the doctor are written, that is, information about the features of the identified tissues, the presence or absence of pathology processes.
Don't worry ahead of time
Some patients think that a lot of the information on the form indicates a serious he alth problem, but this is not always the case. It must be remembered that recommendations are not indicated in the conclusion. To get them, you need to see a doctor. He will prescribe the necessary drugs.
Ovarian histology makes it possible to reliably determine the nature of the cysts due to which the operation was performed, therefore it is considered a very effective method for diagnosing diseases in the gynecological field. For example, according to the results of the study of the material, an oncological tumor of the ovary of the primary type may be detected. It will be determined by its histological structure as a malignant epithelial formation of a glandular or papillary structure. But in most cases, if there is a tumor process in the ovary, we are talking about cystadenocarcinoma.
Can ovarian histology results be wrong
Almost every patient, receiving a histology result that he did not expect, in his heart hopes that he is erroneous. However, in such a study, errors can occur very rarely. Thanks to histology, not only cancer cells are determined, but also in somecases, using a number of methods, histologists can even determine the cause of their occurrence. An error can only be made when the material was taken incorrectly or the sequence of the study was not followed, and this happens in rare cases.
Histology of ovarian cancer is not too common.
Actions after the operation
After removal, the recovery period passes quickly, which is especially the case after laparoscopy. Ovarian histology has already been done, and the patient is discharged already on the 3-4th day. Often, during the recovery period, it is necessary to use oral contraceptives, as well as review your diet.
What complications can occur with a cyst
If the cyst does not disappear on its own after a couple of months after its discovery, then serious treatment is necessary. Its absence can cause a number of complications, which will have to be eliminated only by surgery. A particularly serious danger appears when the cyst speaks of oncology, and at the same time, delay is equal to death. It is worth noting that even the formation of a benign character can cause twisting of the leg, and this will manifest itself as very severe pain in the lower abdomen. Such a complication threatens with peritonitis, and it will no longer be possible to avoid the operation.
The leg is able to twist through the intestines and cause its obstruction. Common complications may also include:
- ruptured cyst;
- festering;
- polycystic;
- bleeding;
- infertility as a result of a neglected cyst.
Many patients are afraid of surgery, and therefore reach a critical state, when it is necessary to remove both the neoplasm and the entire ovary, and in some cases not even one.
Conclusion
When diagnosing a pathology, all medical recommendations must be followed. If there are no positive results, then there is no need to refuse the operation, since it is currently not so traumatic, it allows you to avoid significant complications, the body recovers quickly.
