Cancer is a serious disease for which doctors have not yet found an effective cure. There is therapy, which, unfortunately, does not always bring the desired result. Now I want to talk about such a disease as kidney cancer: prognosis after removal and complications after surgery in such patients.
About the disease
Initially, I would like to note that kidney cancer is an oncological disease that most often occurs after 40 years. If we talk about gender, then it mainly affects men of middle and older age. Doctors cannot name the exact cause of the disease today, however, there are factors that may contribute to its appearance:
- Overweight.
- Drinking alcohol, especially beer, and smoking.
- Abuse of diuretics, that is, medicinal diuretics.
- Illnesses such as hypertension, kidney cysts or diabetes can also contribute to tumor development.
- A kidney injury can provoke the appearance of a tumor (when falling orhit).
- And, of course, doctors do not rule out a hereditary factor.
There is no single forecast in this situation. It all depends on how early the disease is detected and whether treatment is started on time. Often, in this case, surgical intervention is required.
About deletion
If a patient is diagnosed with kidney cancer, surgery is the most effective in this case. No drug treatment will help to completely cope with the problem. Nephrectomy is the most effective in this case. In this procedure, the renal vein and artery are ligated, after which a special part of the kidney is removed. This operation can be of two types:
- Partial nephrectomy, when the tumor itself is small and is located closer to the upper or lower part of the kidney, which makes it possible not to remove the organ completely, but to excise only the neoplasm.
- Radical nephrectomy, when only the tumor cannot be removed. This may be due to its large size or localization in the renal or inferior vena cava.
It is also worth distinguishing between two types of surgery. Kidney removal for cancer happens:
- Traditionally, when a small incision is made in the lumbar region.
- Laparoscopic, when the incision is completely tiny, and a special technique is used for intervention - a laparoscope.
Complications after nephrectomy
If the patient was diagnosed with cancerkidneys, prognosis after removal can be very different. And it all depends on multiple factors, one of which is complications after surgery. What could happen then?
- Often there is damage to nearby organs or arteries and veins.
- During the operation, he althy kidney tissue can also be damaged.
- Bleeding in the postoperative period is a huge problem.
- Among the problems may be pneumothorax, that is, air entering the abdominal cavity, infection of an external wound, postoperative hernia.
All these factors somewhat complicate the process of the patient's recovery. However, doctors today skillfully cope with them.
Artery embolization
When a patient is diagnosed with kidney cancer, the prognosis after removal depends on the method of treatment. So, the method of surgical intervention is not always suitable for the patient, but it is necessary to excise the organ. In this case, embolization of the artery is resorted to. This procedure is special in that the patient is made an incision in the groin area and with the help of a catheter, the lumen of the renal artery is clogged with a special fluid. As a result, the blood supply to the organ does not occur, the kidney dies. Later, this organ can be removed from the patient's body through surgery. This is one of the forms of stopping the functioning of a diseased organ by killing it. The forecast in this case is very optimistic. The situation can be aggravated by metastases that appear even before the removal of the kidney.
Cryoablation
Considering how you can get rid of the diagnosis of kidney cancer, prognosis after removal of the organ by various methods - that's what is important to talk about. So, if surgery is contraindicated for the patient, the removal of the organ can also be carried out by cryoablation. In this case, special tubes are introduced into the organ, through which cold is supplied, and as a result, the diseased kidney is frozen. After that, the body is thawed, and so on several times. As a result of such a temperature difference, the tumor dies, and the organ begins to function normally again. The risks of complications with this procedure are minimal, and the survival rate of patients is quite high.
About patient survival
Survival of patients depends on the stage of development of the disease:
- If at the first stage, when the tumor has not left the capsule, treatment is started, the survival rate of patients is 80-100%.
- In the second stage, when the tumor extends beyond the capsule, the survival rate drops by about 30%. The situation can be complicated by nodes and metastases. In this case, no more than 30% of patients live another 5 years, and only 5% of patients survive to 10 years.
- When tumor thrombosis of large veins, survival is reduced by about 40%.
Postoperative complications
We further consider such a problem as kidney cancer (predictions after removal). Feedback from patients' relatives indicates that the following factors have a very negative effect on survival:
- Severe postoperative conditionsick.
- Kidney cancer is most difficult to deal with when symptoms are already signaling the disease. It is better if the tumor is detected on ultrasound, but there are no external manifestations yet.
- Dangerous is the fact when the patient's body weight drops by more than 10%.
- Survival decreases if blood ESR rises.
Organ removal and survival rate
Prognosis after removal of kidney cancer in most cases is positive. However, after such an operation, the patient will have to be careful all the time. You will definitely have to regularly visit a doctor, visit an ultrasound scan, do an MRI or CT scan to examine the body for the presence of metastases. Sometimes you also need to be constantly monitored by other specialists who will “lead” the patient through other diseases that significantly complicate the patient’s life. Often people have to be registered with an endocrinologist, cardiologist or rheumatologist.
A special diet after kidney removal is also important. In this case, you will have to completely abandon s alt and s alted foods. Only in this case, the remaining kidney can easily work and perform the function of the second, excised part. You will also need to avoid animal protein.
If a patient has one kidney left after surgery, there is a possibility that dialysis can be dispensed with. In the case of a clear implementation of all the doctor's instructions, compliance with the rules, the remaining body will be able to fully function. However, in this case, you will also have to permanently abandon certain sports, wherethere is a load on the lumbar region. Also, when taking various medications, you need to carefully read the instructions so that the remaining organ does not create an additional load. Life, of course, will be a little complicated. However, a person will be able to do much more good in this world by making his relatives and friends happy with his presence.
