Impaired cerebral circulation in adults is a complex pathology of cerebral vessels, which is fraught with disability and death. If earlier it was observed mainly in the elderly, now the disease has become much younger. More often began to diagnose pathology in children. An acute process can quickly become chronic.
Reason for development
Treatment of cerebrovascular accident should be started in parallel with finding out the causes of this condition. Most often it is caused by atherosclerotic lesions of the blood vessels. At the same time, a plaque forms in their lumen, which prevents normal blood circulation. Since platelets gradually accumulate on it, after a while a blood clot forms in the vessel, which partially or completely blocks it. Due to this pathological condition, an acute stroke occurs.
In addition, there are other causes of cerebrovascular accident:
- Heredity.
- Tranio-cerebral injuries (with or without soft tissue penetration).
- History of brain or CNS lesions.
- Too strong emotional excitability.
- Lack of movement.
- Diabetes mellitus and other systemic pathologies that adversely affect blood vessels.
- Hypertension or pressure spikes.
- Thrombophlebitis.
- Defect of the heart.
- Diseases of the spine, due to which oxygen starvation of the brain develops.
- Overweight.
- Bad habits.
- Long-term medication use.
Acute cerebrovascular accident may be due to age, as over time, dystrophic and degenerative processes (aging) develop in the body.
The factor contributing to the appearance of such a condition is strong nervous tension, stress.
Disease classification
According to the ICD, cerebrovascular disease refers to the section "Cerebrovascular diseases" code I60 - I69. There are several types of pathology:
- Acute violation. It develops very quickly. This group includes any stroke that occurs in which a person requires emergency hospitalization. There is an acute violation of cerebral circulation of the ischemic type and hemorrhagic stroke. The second type is a more severe lesion of the organ, which is characterized by damage to the vessels with blood flowing out of them. Due toin such a state, the organ shrinks, problems arise with the work of the whole organism. It ranks first in terms of mortality. Ischemic stroke occurs due to blockage of cerebral vessels with its subsequent oxygen starvation. Not only internal organs suffer, but also the speech center, motor and emotional-volitional functions
- Chronic cerebrovascular accident. In another way, it can be called dyscirculatory encephalopathy. A feature of this disease is that it develops for many years. In the initial stages, there are practically no symptoms.
Each of these types of disorders is characterized by certain symptoms. Their intensity depends on the severity of brain damage.
Symptomatology of violation
Signs of cerebrovascular accident are:
- Persistent headaches.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Frequent dizziness.
- Pain in the eyes that gets worse after intense work at the end of the day, constant fatigue.
- Sleep disturbance, fatigue, memory problems.
- Tinnitus and fullness.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Convulsions.
- Numbness of body parts.
- Decreased mental performance.
- Problems with writing and speaking.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced. The patient may become depressed, irritable, moody, emotionally unstable.
All typesacute or chronic disorders of cerebral circulation are characterized by some individual signs. With transient ischemic attacks, neurological symptoms appear in parallel with problems in coordination of movements, speech and writing. Ischemic stroke causes nausea and vomiting.
Diagnostic features
Treatment of cerebrovascular accident depends on what diagnosis will be made to the victim. In an acute form of pathology, a person will be provided with emergency assistance, after which he will be examined. Diagnostics includes the following studies:
- Blood test for cholesterol, glucose.
- Coagulogram.
- Daily monitoring of changes in blood pressure,
- Neuropsychological testing using the MMSE scale.
- X-ray of the cervical region, because osteochondrosis can also provoke chronic or acute cerebrovascular accident.
- Fundus examination.
- MRI or CT. The presented studies help to find problem areas of the nervous system, blood vessels. Not only hard, but also soft tissues are considered in layers. Tomography makes it possible to detect damage to brain structures at an early stage.
- Angiography of cerebral vessels.
- Doppler ultrasound with contrast medium. The study reveals areas where blood flow has slowed down.
- EKG. Such research is optional.
- Electroencephalography (determined by the conductivitynerve impulses).
If symptoms of cerebrovascular accident are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor. He will prescribe treatment to restore the functionality of the organ, avoid disability and improve the quality of life.
First aid to the victim
During the development of an acute condition, the victim must be given first aid in case of impaired cerebral circulation. The sooner this is done, the better the chances of recovery.
First you need to find out if the circulatory disorder is acute. To do this, ask the victim to smile, raise both hands forward, and give his name. In the presence of a stroke, he will not be able to do this. Next, an ambulance is called, clarifying the alleged diagnosis.
Before the arrival of the doctors, it is necessary to remove all tight clothing from the person in order to provide air access. The person must be in a horizontal position. It is important to constantly monitor the pulse and breathing of the patient. No pills should be given to a person before the arrival of doctors, as his condition may worsen even more, and the diagnosis will be difficult.
Conservative treatment
Treatment of cerebrovascular accident should be correct, timely and comprehensive. Its main task is to protect neurons from damage, restore normal blood circulation, strengthen blood vessels, maximizerestoration of the functionality of the body. If the pathology is acute, then it is important to prevent its recurrence.
Treatment of cerebral circulation disorders with drugs involves the use of such drugs:
- Anticoagulants. They prevent blood clots.
- Neuroprotective drugs.
- Means to improve blood circulation "Reopoliglyukin", "Eufillin".
- Drugs to improve cardiac activity, stabilize blood pressure "Korglikon", "Dibazol".
- Means that prevent cerebral edema "Furosemide".
- To dilate blood vessels "Atomax", "Mefakor".
- To improve metabolic processes in the tissues of the organ "Cerebrolysin", "Aminalon".
- As a symptomatic therapy: Cinnarizine, Diazepam.
- Sedatives: Oxazepam, Elenium.
In violation of cerebral circulation, drugs are selected depending on the severity of the disease. If the pathology is acute (stroke), then it is important to normalize the functionality of the respiratory system, blood vessels, heart, eliminate the convulsive syndrome.
Additionally, therapy involves the use of herbal remedies that help saturate the body with vitamins and minerals, and strengthen immunity. Metabolic processes in this case recover faster.
Massage and manual therapy will help improve blood flow. However, such proceduresalso have limitations, for example: vascular thrombosis. Nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of cerebral circulation problems. The menu includes sea fish, cereals, beans, vegetables and fruits, berries, green tea. Avoid fatty foods, condiments, smoked foods, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
Folk remedies
Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident can be eliminated not only with the help of drugs, but also through folk remedies. Since the presented pathological condition threatens he alth and life, you should consult a doctor before using alternative medicine. In the acute form of the disease, folk recipes are inappropriate.
For the treatment of chronic pathology, the following remedies will be useful:
- Clover tincture for alcohol. Inflorescences should be filled with liquid and insisted for 3 weeks. Drinking the medicine is required for 1-2 tsp. three times a day before meals.
- When a spasm occurs, you can use tea from the collection of herbs, which includes rose hips, valerine, motherwort, yarrow, anise. It is enough to brew Art. l. mixture with a glass of boiling water and drink immediately after the spasm appears.
- You can thin the blood with nettle decoction.
- To strengthen blood vessels, you can use rosehip decoction, it is enriched with vitamin C.
- Decoction using a small periwinkle. Requires Art. l. herbs, as well as 300 ml of boiling water. Next, the mixture will have to insist on a water bath for 20 minutes. It will take another 45 minutes to infuse. The remedy is used three times a day for 1/3glass. This decoction will help dilate blood vessels.
- A compress with vinegar (diluted with water) and a cold foot bath taken at the same time will help relieve pain and spasm.
- Infusion of viburnum flowers.
- Dandelion root. It will clear the blood vessels of cholesterol plaques. To prepare the product, 200 g of raw materials and a liter of boiling water are required. The medicine should be taken daily, 50 ml before meals.
- Alcohol infusion of valerian. It is enough to inhale its aroma every evening.
- Infusion of celandine. Requires 1 tbsp. herbs are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for a quarter of an hour. The filtered liquid should be taken in 2 tbsp. three times a day. The course of therapy is 21 days, after which you need to take a break. It is important to observe the exact dosage of the medicine.
Traditional treatment is not a panacea, but it can help to cope with the problem when used in conjunction with drug therapy.
Need for surgery
Treatment of cerebrovascular accident is sometimes performed by surgery. This method of therapy is necessary for stenosis of blood vessels (narrowing of their lumen by more than 70%), blockage of their cholesterol plaque. The decision to intervene is made by the doctor. Most often it is prescribed for he alth reasons.
To eliminate stenosis, a part of the vessel is removed, followed by its replacement with a prosthesis. Also, special expanding stents can be inserted inside it.
Rehab
If in a chronic form of pathology the therapy consists in improving the functionality of the circulatory system, then in case of an acute disorder, a person will need rehabilitation. Moreover, the sooner it starts, the more chances the victim has to restore all body functions.
Rehabilitation includes:
- Proper patient care. At first, it is necessary to do passive gymnastics to the patient, to prevent bedsores. The room should have an acceptable temperature - 19-23 degrees. The room in which the victim will be located should also be adapted to his needs (install handrails, make the floor non-slip, make the walls safe, install a multifunctional special bed).
- Rational and nutritious nutrition. It should be fractional, easy to digest.
- Restoration of speech. Classes with a speech therapist-aphasiologist necessarily begin immediately after the stabilization of the patient's condition. At the same time, a person needs maximum attention and communication with others so that he does not withdraw into himself.
- Physiotherapy and exercise therapy. The load increases gradually.
In the first weeks after an acute circulatory disorder, a relapse is possible, so it is important to do everything to avoid it. Also, the patient will benefit from rest in a rehabilitation center, sanatorium.
Possible complications and prevention
Patients with cerebrovascular accident should carefully monitor their he alth, because the presented pathologycharacterized by a large number of complications, even if therapy was provided on time. Among them are the following: stroke, disability, problems with speech, mental functions, death.
As for prevention, it consists in maintaining a he althy lifestyle and following the recommendations of doctors:
- Constant monitoring of blood pressure, taking antihypertensive drugs.
- Rational diet with the exception of fatty and fried foods, smoked meats, foods that promote blood clotting.
- Avoiding severe stress, emotional overload, excessive physical activity.
- Timely treatment of any cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus.
- Regular physical activity.
- Reducing s alt intake.
- Compliance with the normal regime of work and rest.
Impaired cerebral circulation, regardless of its form, is fraught with disability and even death, so it is better not to allow such a disease at all.
