The appearance of any spots on the body causes concern. Despite the fact that such manifestations are a very common problem, it is sometimes impossible to immediately determine its cause. Dermatologists, for example, can name more than five dozen ailments for which spots on the body are one of the characteristic symptoms. Their occurrence most often serves as a signal of infection or the presence of a serious disorder in the body. More than others, itchy and rough spots on the body cause discomfort, which increase not only in size, but also spread quantitatively.
Most Likely Causes
It is immediately worth noting that hyperemia, swelling and any rashes on the epidermis indicate internal problems in the body, unless, of course, they were caused by trauma, shock, burns, insect bites and other exogenous factors. Sometimes red spots on the body are harmless in nature, appear suddenly (due to sharp temperature jumps, excitement, fear, anxiety, shame) and go away on their own. But unfortunately, such changes on the skin often indicate serious disorders in the functioning of internal organs and systems.
Allergy
The most commonthe cause of spots on the body can be called a pathological reaction of the body to a certain stimulus. With allergies, rashes and hyperemia of the epidermis are not systemic phenomena, they occur periodically due to exposure to allergens. In most cases, the body is covered with pimples or spots:
- Against the background of taking medications, vitamin preparations (antibiotics, sedatives, antidepressants).
- With one-time or prolonged use of allergenic foods. This group includes citrus fruits, chocolate, honey, nuts, mushrooms, milk protein, tomatoes, etc.
- Due to skin contact with chemical irritants (detergents, hygiene products, cosmetics, perfumes). Sometimes allergies in the form of red or pink spots on the body are caused by synthetic and woolen things, fabric dyes.
Often, small pimples that itch terribly join the seemingly safe hyperemia. Spots on the body must be shown to a dermatologist or allergist. Basically, they pass without medical intervention, as soon as the provoking factor, that is, the allergen, is eliminated.
Diathesis
Basically, this is the same allergy that occurs on the skin of babies. Red flaky spots on the baby's body indicate a malfunction in the body. Diathetic redness brings a lot of inconvenience to the child. Eruptions are localized on the cheeks, arms, legs, in the groin. The spots constantly itch, peel, get wet, causing irritation and anxiety of the child. Predominantlynumber of cases of diathesis observed in infants who are bottle-fed. Specific bright pink rashes can appear on the skin due to an allergic reaction to the product that the mother ate - this applies to children who are breastfed. The principle of dealing with diathesis is exactly the same as with allergies - first of all, it is necessary to exclude the irritant.
Diet
Improper nutrition with a predominance of fast carbohydrates, fried, smoked, fatty and spicy foods in the daily menu can cause reddening of certain areas of the epidermis. By the way, an unbalanced diet is the first thing to think about in case of spots on the skin. Provoke redness can be a lack of intake of vitamins and useful trace elements, however, as well as their overabundance.
All you need is to visit a gastroenterologist who will help you make a competent diet. It is important to make sure that the beauty of the skin is lost precisely because of nutritional errors, and not because of more serious reasons. To fix the problem, it is enough to review your diet and make appropriate adjustments to it. After some time, all redness will disappear and the skin will shine with he alth again.
Infections
The list of diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets, household or sexual contact, and manifested by rashes on the body, is almost limitless. Most often, reddening of the skin occurs immediately after the end of the incubation period, accompanied by fever and other specific symptoms. Red spots on the bodychild in almost half of clinical cases are caused by infection. Among the contagious diseases that affect mainly in childhood, it is worth noting:
- chickenpox;
- measles;
- rubella;
- scarlet fever.
At the slightest lesion of the skin in children, it is urgent to go to the doctor. The pediatrician will establish a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. To combat any of the "children's" infections, specific therapy is required, which involves isolation of a small patient, taking vitamins, using external medicines, drinking plenty of water and bed rest.
For the treatment of chickenpox and measles, spots on the body are spotted with a solution of brilliant greenery, "Fukortsin", treated with potassium permanganate. With scarlet fever, a small punctate rash appears on the skin, and after a week it begins to peel off.
In babies, these diseases are tolerated quite easily, which cannot be said about adults - in addition to external rashes, patients become very weak, get tired quickly, drowsiness, headaches, persistent fever, chills appear. Often, the course of infectious diseases is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Dangerous infectious diseases, which in the early stages are also manifested by skin redness and peeling, include typhoid fever, meningococcal infection, syphilis, AIDS.
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Since everything in our body is interconnected, pathologies of internal organs can manifest themselves through skindefeats. Often, red spots on the body in an adult are a direct sign of vegetative-vascular dystonia: the small vessels of the epidermis lose their tone and expand to provide normal blood supply to the tissues - against this background, local redness appears. It is unlikely that such spots can be cured. The only way the patient can help himself is to maintain the tone of the capillaries and large blood vessels with the help of regular physical exercises, a contrast shower.
Stress
If the cause of red spots on the skin naturally becomes a strong psycho-emotional overexcitation, the treatment will be to strengthen the nervous system. To restore peace of mind and inner harmony, patients are prescribed sedatives, antidepressants. If it is not possible to consult a specialist, you can use natural remedies that are sold in any pharmacy without a prescription (tincture of valerian, motherwort or peony). Homeopathic sedatives Persen, Sedaten, Novo-Passit, Alora, Deprim have a stronger effect.
Fungus on the skin
Pityriasis versicolor in the initial stages is manifested by a slight reddening of multiple areas, but literally after a few days white spots appear on the body. The surface of the skin in the affected areas is covered with a thin scaly film. Treatment of tinea versicolor requires the use of systemic and local antifungal agents. The disease is not characterized by a protracted course - from the moment the first spots appear torecovery takes 2-3 weeks.
More severe skin lesions may occur in patients with ringworm. This disease is characterized by the appearance of red, constantly itchy spots that quickly increase, grow and affect the deep layers of the epidermis. Often, patients begin to self-medicate, which greatly complicates the course of the disease and puts their family members at risk of infection. If ringworm is suspected, you should immediately seek help from a dermatologist who can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective drugs.
Pigment spots on the body
These formations on the skin are distinguished by a characteristic color. Age spots do not cause any concern and discomfort, because in most cases they are not a pathology, but rather a cosmetic defect. But at the same time, increased pigmentation on the body can be a symptom of a dangerous disease and indicate serious malfunctions in the body.
The darkening of certain areas on the human body occurs due to exposure to the skin of ultraviolet radiation. In small quantities, ultraviolet radiation is necessary for the normal functioning of the body, but its accumulation in tissues sometimes leads to the development of pathologies. Melanin is designed to protect the skin from excessive exposure to sunlight - this is a pigment that is responsible for the formation of peculiar barriers on the epidermis. If the skin cells work fully, when exposed to ultraviolet radiation in humanstan appears. In some cases, dark spots remain on the sites of acne and pimples. The natural causes of increased pigmentation on the skin include age-related aging processes.
That is why age spots on the body appear more often in people who stay in direct sunlight for a long time or prefer regular visits to the solarium. Sometimes light brown fragments on the skin appear as a result of an allergic reaction to a specific irritant.
Speaking about the internal causes of the appearance of age spots on the skin, it is impossible not to note such a predisposing condition as an imbalance of hormones, provoked by disturbances in the endocrine system. Hormonal changes may occur:
- while taking oral contraceptives;
- during pregnancy and lactation, postpartum;
- menopausal women.
Often, active pigmentation of the epidermis is provoked by a violation of metabolic processes in the body, poor nutrition. In addition to harmless causes, it is worth noting the dangerous factors that provoke darkening of the skin:
- infectious diseases of the epidermis;
- skin cancer (melanoma);
- diseases of the liver and gallbladder.
Skin Diseases
If an allergy or infection is excluded with a high degree of probability, spots on the body of a child or an adult may well mark the beginning of a dermatological pathology. Diseases of the skin require a complex and long-termtherapy, but at the same time it is almost impossible to recover from them forever. Little is known today about the true etiological factors of these ailments, therefore, autoimmune nature of origin is often attributed to skin pathologies. Symptoms of most dermatological diseases are manifested by flushing of the skin, combined with severe itching.
One of the most common skin conditions is eczema. It is manifested by blistering rashes, has a predominantly allergic nature, and proceeds chronically. Eczema develops as a reaction of the body to various irritants, including preservatives, dyes and aroma additives present in food and cosmetics. This type of dermatosis is caused by disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, often a rash occurs against the background of stressful situations.
The symptoms of eczema are in many ways similar to atopic dermatitis. This disease is also chronic. With atopic dermatitis, spots appear on the body, itchy and flaky, the epidermis of the affected areas becomes thicker as the disease progresses. As a rule, this pathology worsens in the cold season. Antihistamines and corticosteroid ointments are used to treat atopic dermatitis, thanks to which the tissue regeneration process starts faster.
Bright and rough spots on the body are one of the main signs of psoriasis. First of all, the disease affects the surface of the skin in the extensor zones (elbows, knees, buttocks, lower back).
Over time, the size of the spots increases to such an extent that they merge with each other and form a continuous inflamed surface without clear boundaries. Peeling, severe itching and swelling worsen the patient's well-being, impede full performance. In advanced stages, psoriasis can affect the joints. Therapy should be carried out only under the supervision of specialists who make up an individual treatment program for each patient.
Diagnosis
The main task of a specialist is to find out the etiology of red spots on the body of an adult or a child, regardless of whether this problem is permanent or occurs due to certain circumstances. For advice, you should contact a dermatologist, who will first prescribe a series of laboratory tests. According to the results of the study, the specialist will make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. It is impossible to choose drugs on your own and use them without the consent of the doctor, as this can only aggravate the problem.
Experienced dermatologists can make an assumption about the diagnosis immediately after examination and conversation with the patient. To confirm the disease, the specialist will recommend consulting an allergist. If the allergic nature of the spots on the body is suspected, the patient will have to undergo tests to find out the type of irritant. If the cause of the skin rash is different, not related to allergies, the next step in the diagnosis will be clinical tests:
- Study of scraping from the spot. The procedure helps to establish the type of fungal pathogen, confirm scabies.
- Complete blood count. According to the indicators of leukocytes, neutrophils, ESR, it is possible to establish the presence of an inflammatory process in the body.
How and how to treat spots on the body
Depending on the identified cause, the doctor selects the appropriate therapeutic tactics. Treatment will depend entirely on the diagnosis, so there is no universal cure for red spots on the body. It is also worth noting that the use of folk remedies usually does not bring significant results, since in fact it does not guarantee the final elimination of the disease. Despite the fact that in each case the treatment is compiled individually, it will not be difficult to highlight the general provisions of therapy.
If the cause of red scaly spots on the body in a child or adult is associated with an allergic reaction, treatment should be based on the elimination of the provoking factor and the application of:
- local remedies to relieve swelling and inflammation of the skin;
- antiallergic drugs.
Desensitization of the epidermis can be achieved faster if the external application of ointments and creams is supplemented with oral antihistamine medications. Among the antiallergic drugs that are used for skin lesions, the most popular and effective should be noted:
- Cetrin.
- Fenistil.
- Zyrtec.
- "Tavegil".
- Claritin.
- "Suprastin".
- Zodak.
- "Loratadine".
- Telfast.
It is equally important to follow a diet that involves eating only hypoallergenic foods.
If skin problems are due to infection, the doctor selects effective anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs. The dosage and duration of the course is also set by the specialist. By the way, his recommendations cannot be ignored: most potent drugs contain hormonal components, which, if used illiterately, can give serious side effects and become addictive. Ointments and creams with glucocorticosteroids are prescribed strictly according to the age of the patient, since only some of them are suitable for use in childhood. Hormonal drugs are chosen very carefully, and the duration of the course is usually limited to 1-2 weeks. Topical steroids include:
- "Advantan".
- Elokom.
- Celestoderm.
- "Prednisone ointment".
- "Hydrocortisone ointment".
- Sinaflan.
- Locoid.
- Elidel.
- Afloderm.
- Dermovate.
Topical antibiotics are most often prescribed when erosions, abscesses, abscesses join spots on the skin, as well as in case of secondary infection:
- Levomekol.
- Gentaxan.
- Oflokain.
- "Streptonitol".
- Erythromycin Ointment.
- Fusiderm.
- "Tetracycline ointment".
- "Synthomycin".
- Oxycort.
- Pimafukort.
For the treatment of spots on the body caused by a fungus, the patient is prescribed antimycotic drugs. It is advised to apply ointments and creams with an antifungal agent to the skin:
- Exoderil.
- Zalain.
- Mikoket.
- Clotrimazole.
- Terbizil.
- Orungal.
- Flucanazole.
- Terbinafine.
As soon as the peak of the disease is overcome, steroids and antibiotics are replaced with non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (Radevit, Bepanten, Traumeel, Panthenol, Skin-Cap, salicylic ointment). Such drugs are allowed to be applied until recovery, as they have virtually no side effects and contribute to the speedy elimination of stains.
