Injury to the front of the humeral lip is called a Bankart lesion. The lip of the shoulder performs a shock-absorbing function, while simultaneously fixing the bone in the shoulder cavity. In cases where the lip breaks off or breaks through, the stability of the bone entry is reduced. This occurs against the background of dislocation and inevitably leads to a violation of the stability of the shoulder joint as a whole.
Reasons for appearance
There are two main causes of shoulder Bankart injury:
- acute injuries;
- prolonged exercise.
Athletes involved in shot throwing or athletics are at risk. Golf lovers are prone to dislocations in the shoulder joints. Naturally, the risks are reduced if training is done under the watchful eye of experienced trainers.
Dislocation and rupture can occur when falling on the arm or a strong blow to the shoulder. Strong rotational movements of the arms and sudden lifting of weights can also cause damage to the Bankart.
Oddly enough, a sedentary lifestyle can also cause damage to the shoulder joint. Some diseases cause the shoulder lip to weaken andBankart damage occurs (this can be arthrosis, tendinitis or osteoporosis).
Classification of pathology
Injury to the Bankart of the shoulder joint is divided into three types:
- Classic type. In this case, there is a complete detachment of the articular lip from the cavity of the scapula. Usually, when a tear occurs, a characteristic click is heard and pain and discomfort immediately appear.
- The second type is characterized by the absence of joint rupture. If this type of pathology is not treated, the disease will worsen and lead to more serious consequences.
- Extreme type. In this case, in addition to the rupture, there is also a fracture of the bone. In this case, serious medical treatment is required.
Symptomatics
Bankart injury of the shoulder joint is a shoulder injury with severe pain. The pain may be aching or intense. It all depends on the degree of damage and the severity of the rupture. A labral rupture can be partial or complete.
Main symptoms include:
- pain when moving the arm;
- limb tends to be poorly functioning;
- characteristic clicks appear when bending the arm;
- the hand loses its ability to work almost completely.
Treatment measures
Treatment of Bankart damage, if the injuries of the joint and lips are minor, can be carried out in a conservative way. In parallel with this, physiotherapy and fixation of the shoulder joint are used. Although it shouldremember that conservative treatment provides a positive prognosis for complete recovery in only 50% of cases. There is a high probability that in the future there will be instability of the shoulder joint.
Surgery
Surgery can be open or arthroscopic.
Recovery after arthroscopic surgery is much faster, muscle strength is better restored. However, the risk of recurrence after such surgery is very high compared to open surgery.
Rehab
The outcome of treatment for a Bankart injury depends more on the rehabilitation measures than on the type of treatment. The main role in this is played by the choice of tactics of restorative procedures. There are no special exercises for treatment, the rehabilitation program depends on many factors, in particular, the degree of pathology, neglect and methods of treating the disease. Although the programs used after surgery and conservative therapy are very similar.
The first stage of rehabilitation involves immobilization with an orthosis. The patient will have to reduce the range of motion of the injured shoulder by about 1-4 weeks. Shoulder fixation avoids shoulder dislocation. If there are no pain sensations, then passive movements are allowed already from the fourteenth day of immobilization. The patient is then given isometricexercises.
The second stage involves an increase in the number of passive movements, active exercises are gradually included. Then the program includes exercises aimed at strengthening the rotator cuff.
At the third stage, rehabilitation measures are aimed at restoring all movements in the shoulder joint. Dynamic exercises are used to increase shoulder resistance.
The patient must understand that rehabilitation after damage to the articular lip is a long procedure, but following all the recommendations of a physiotherapist will gradually relieve all pain and restore full mobility of the arm. In some cases, rehabilitation therapy lasts about twelve months. Lifting weights after rehabilitation is only possible after three months.
