In recent years, experts have recorded an increase in the number of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. This is caused by external and internal negative factors. Diastolic hypertension is a severe combined disorder of the heart and blood vessels, which is dangerous with complications and the possibility of death.
General description of the disease
Diastolic hypertension is a pathological condition in which the upper pressure indicator remains normal, and the lower one rises more than 90 mmHg. In the early stages of the development of the disease, its symptoms may not be noticeable, so the patient does not go to the doctor. However, the pathology continues to develop at this time.
Isolated diastolic arterial hypertension is dangerous with complications. If you start therapy on time, then you can overcome the disease. In this case, the patient will have to change his lifestyle and take the drugs prescribed by the doctor. Medical treatment can be lifelong. The risk of developing hypertension increases with age.
The main danger of the indicatedpathology lies in the fact that the heart is constantly in a tense state and does not relax. There is a violation of the hemodynamics of the body. Changes begin in the walls of blood vessels, making them less flexible.
Upper (systolic) and lower (diastolic) pressure are interconnected. The first indicator is more important, so patients do not always pay attention to the second, which is a common mistake.
If the pathology is rare, and the body is still young, then the likelihood of complications is extremely small (in the absence of severe concomitant diseases). A constant increase in pressure in people over 45 years of age gives negative consequences in 80% of cases. If both indicators increase at the same time, then the risk of developing a heart attack or stroke increases.
Reasons for appearance
Diastolic hypertension can develop for a long time. There are such negative factors that provoke its appearance:
- Genetic predisposition (the risk is higher if one of the relatives had this problem).
- Diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Presence of atherosclerotic plaques in vessels.
- Disturbances in the functionality of the endocrine system.
- Problems with the functioning of the kidneys (fluid retention in the body) and liver.
- Thyroid disease.
Diastolic hypertension is more likely to develop in people with obesity, low levels of physical activity, harmfulhabits. Improper nutrition, excessive physical activity (sports training), constant stress or emotional stress can provoke pathology. The state of he alth is affected by lack of sleep, taking certain medications.
Diastolic hypertension can also be caused by low blood density, age-related changes, and loss of vascular tone.
Degrees of severity and types of pathology
The intensity of the signs of the disease depends on how severe the damage to the heart is. Isolated diastolic hypertension has the following severity:
- In this case, the pressure is below 100 mm Hg. Here the symptoms are mild, so the person does not go to the doctor. There is only malaise and general weakness. Pain is present in rare cases, the patient begins to get tired faster.
- The second degree is characterized by an increase in lower pressure up to 110 mm Hg. The person's condition noticeably worsens, there are pains in the head, shortness of breath. Light antihypertensive drugs can eliminate discomfort.
- Third degree of severity. Here, diastolic pressure fluctuates between 110-120 mm. Hg In this case, one cannot do without conservative therapy.
- The most difficult situation is when the pressure level rises to 130 mm Hg. and more. If medical assistance was not provided on time, then at this stage irreversible processes begin in the body, the risk of complications and death increases.
Regarding varietiesdiseases, they are:
- Stable systolic-diastolic hypertension. It is characterized by a persistent constant increase in pressure. A person will have to take drugs for a long time, as well as lead a he althy lifestyle.
- Labile diastolic hypertension. It occurs in 30% of all cases. There is a short-term pressure surge under the influence of negative factors.
This disease develops for a long time. But if you start timely treatment, you will be able to avoid chronization of the process.
Symptoms of disease
Systolic-diastolic arterial hypertension is not always pronounced. but if the pathological process has gone too far, then the patient has the following symptoms:
- Persistent fatigue, general weakness, decreased vitality, muscle weakness.
- Degraded performance.
- Problems falling asleep and sleeping in general.
- Headache, dizziness.
- Increased irritability, nervous excitability.
- Tinnitus.
If the lower limit of pressure has risen to 100 mmHg, then a person may experience nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, sharp pain in the chest, and a rapid heartbeat. The nose may bleed.
Diagnosis of pathology
Systolic-diastolic hypertension is a complex and dangerous disease. At the first manifestations of it, it is necessary to consult a doctor and completelybe examined. Diagnosis includes the following activities:
- Collecting an anamnesis. The doctor must find out if the relatives of the subject had such pathologies, and also record his complaints. The specialist also measures blood pressure and pulse rate.
- General and biochemical blood test. It will help to find out if there are any inflammatory processes in the body, its general condition.
- Complete urinalysis to determine the functionality of the excretory system and kidneys.
- Electrocardiogram and echocardiography. In the first case, the study establishes the rhythm of the heart, and in the second - the physiological features of the structure of the heart muscle.
- 24-hour Holter monitoring of the body's work. A special miniature heart monitor clings to the patient's hand, which captures all changes in the heart rate for 24 hours. At the same time, the patient should record any situations that could potentially cause a jump in pressure and an acceleration of the pulse.
- Evaluation of the condition of the fundus.
It is also necessary to take a blood sugar test to determine the predisposition to diabetes. This disease negatively affects the blood vessels, and therefore also causes high blood pressure.
General principles of treatment
If diastolic hypertension develops, treatment should be carried out comprehensively. Mandatory is drug therapy, folk remedies and maintaining a proper lifestyle. The general principles of therapy are:
- Compliance with the dosages of medicines prescribed by the doctor. You cannot change them yourself or refuse to take medicines.
- Don't use medications on your own, as they can further worsen the patient's condition.
- More outdoor activities.
- Do morning exercises, exercise as much as possible.
- Eat right.
- Refuse alcohol, smoking.
Only careful adherence to the recommendations will help restore normal pressure. If the patient ignores these tips, his condition will gradually worsen.
In case of a hypertensive crisis, before the arrival of doctors, you can provide first aid to the patient. To do this, it should be placed face down on the stomach, and a cold compress should be fixed on the neck. After half an hour, it can be removed, and oil or cream is applied to this place. Massage the neck area without pressure.
Conservative treatment
If diastolic hypertension is diagnosed, the causes are precisely established, and the pathology has an average or severe degree of development, then treatment will be carried out in a hospital. If there is a problem with the aortic valve, surgery may be required to replace it.
Treatment of diastolic hypertension with drugs is prescribed by a general practitioner and a cardiologist. Funds are selected individually. Drug therapy should be complex and include several groups of drugs:
- Diuretics:Furosemide, Diuver.
- ACE inhibitors: Captopril, Benazepril. These medicines block the action of an enzyme that causes changes in blood pressure.
- Beta-blockers: Carvediol. These drugs reduce the heart's need for oxygen. They also dilate blood vessels well, which contributes to a rapid decrease in pressure indicators. Another drug of this type reduces the level of glucose in the blood plasma. You won’t be able to buy adenoblockers at the pharmacy on your own, as they are sold strictly by prescription.
- Calcium channel blockers: "Nifedipine" "Verapamil". They are allowed to be used only with severe symptoms. They are indicated if urgent relief of a hypertensive crisis is needed.
- Angiotensin receptor blockers: Losartan.
All drugs are forbidden to use alone. You definitely need to consult a doctor. Medications need to be taken regularly.
Folk Therapy
In the early stages of the development of the disease, folk remedies can stop it. But they must be used in conjunction with medications. But before you use medicinal plants, you need to consider that some of them can have the opposite effect.
First on the list of herbs for diastolic hypertension are valerian and motherwort. The first plant has a calming effect, eliminates increased irritability and anxiety. Motherwort is considered an effective diuretic. Other herbs will also be helpful. With an increase in lower pressure, you can use the following recipes:
- Motherwort. It takes 20 g of grass to pour 300 ml of hot water. It will take 15-20 minutes to infuse. It is required to take the remedy 100 ml three times a day.
- Valerian. It is necessary to steam 10 g of the root of the plant with a glass of boiling water. The mixture should be infused for about 8 hours, so it is better to brew the medicine at night. It should be taken 10 ml 3 times a day. Drink liquid before meals.
- Composition of herbs. You need to connect 1 tbsp. l. sage, motherwort, oregano, St. John's wort. All components must be thoroughly mixed and pour 2 cups of hot water. After 30 minutes, the liquid is filtered and consumed half a glass a day. The course of therapy is 1 month. This composition effectively normalizes blood pressure, relaxes the nervous system.
- Peony tincture. You can buy it at a pharmacy. This remedy removes muscle spasm.
- Cedar cones. It is necessary to put 3 cones (without grinding) in a glass container and pour 0.5 liters of high-quality vodka. Additionally, 10 pieces of refined sugar, 1 tbsp. l. valerian tincture (sold in a pharmacy). It takes 10 days to insist. Store the tincture in a dark place. It is used for 1 tbsp. l. before going to bed.
- Raw sunflower seeds. It takes 2 cups of raw materials to pour 2 liters of water at room temperature. Next, the mixture must be boiled over low heat for 2 hours. After the broth has cooled, it must be filtered, and the entire volume should be drunk per day, dividing it into 100 ml. If takenfluid regularly, the blood pressure will quickly return to normal.
- Beet juice. It should be consumed raw, mixed with honey or water (1:1 ratio). However, you need to drink it carefully for those people who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, gout, pathologies of the excretory and digestive systems.
Pomegranate juice has a good hypotensive effect. It should be drunk at 0.5 liters per day. But such treatment will have to be abandoned by those patients who are diagnosed with pancreatitis or have increased acidity of gastric juice.
Complications of the disease
If the causes of diastolic hypertension are identified, treatment should be started immediately. Otherwise, the patient is threatened with such complications:
- Sustained renal failure.
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the brain (stroke).
- Change in circulation.
- Heart attack.
- Clogging of blood vessels.
- Hypertensive encephalopathy.
- Constantly high blood pressure negatively affects vision: clarity worsens, inflammation of the conjunctiva develops.
- Angina.
- Persistent mental impairment (dementia).
Each of these complications is dangerous not only for he alth, but also for life, so it is impossible to delay contacting a doctor.
Prevention measures
To avoid systolic-diastolic hypertension, it is necessaryfollow these recommendations of experts:
- Eat right. It is necessary to exclude any fatty foods from the diet, as they contribute to the formation of cholesterol plaques that disrupt the general blood circulation. It is also worth giving up alcohol, strong coffee and tea, fried foods. Food is best boiled or steamed. A person will have to limit the consumption of sweets and flour products, but the content of vegetables and fruits in the diet must be increased.
- Moderate exercise. A person with heart disease is shown running, swimming, cycling. If there is no opportunity to play sports, it is enough just to walk for at least 40 minutes a day.
- Limit the daily amount of s alt to 5 g. If the patient has swelling, then this amount should be reduced to 3 g.
- Watch your weight. Obese people have additional problems with blood vessels, the heart has to work harder, it is constantly in suspense.
- Avoid stressful situations, nervous shocks, strong emotional outbursts.
- Treat any inflammatory processes in the body in time.
If systole-diastolic hypertension is detected, the army is contraindicated in peacetime if the readings are high and stable. In this case, the person must be examined within 6 months. With a severe degree of pathology, military service is contraindicated at all, like any intense physical activity. It is not necessary to bring the disease to the last stage of development, since the life expectancy of a person can significantlydecline.
