The absence of menstruation does not always indicate a disease in the body. Physiological factors, for example, bearing a child, feeding a newborn with breast milk, as well as menopause, can lead to this condition. In each individual case, it is possible to determine why there are no periods using diagnostic measures. Amenorrhea, what is it? This is the name of a condition in which, with normally developed genital organs, menstruation does not come. In addition to the physiological reasons for the lack of menstruation, diseases and hormonal problems can lead to this.
False amenorrhea
Amenorrhoea, what is it? False amenorrhea is a process in which menstruation comes on time, and a woman has all the characteristic signs: unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen, swelling of the chest, a feeling of fatigue, in some cases nausea and vomiting, pain in the head, but in this case she has no bleeding.
Physiological amenorrhea
If a woman is breastfeeding or has a menopause, then she thinks that it is impossible to get pregnant in this case andstop using contraception. Is it possible to get pregnant without menstruation? The answer to this question cannot be exact. For example, when a child is breastfed, egg maturation and ovulation are delayed, but even minor changes in the hormonal background can lead to the latter, and a woman who does not use contraceptives during sexual intercourse can become pregnant and will not be aware of this for some time..
Many women ask if it is possible to get pregnant without menstruation. It is important to remember that the process of fading of functions in the ovaries is quite long, for 4-5 years a woman still has the opportunity to accidentally become pregnant.
In menopause, it is important to regularly use special contraceptives and protect yourself.
Features of menstruation
Menstruation indicates the beginning of the menstrual cycle, which every month prepares the woman's body and her reproductive system for a possible pregnancy. The menstrual cycle consists of several phases. The first involves the detachment of the layer of the endometrium, during which there is a discharge of blood.
After the formation of follicles occurs, which consist of poorly developed eggs. Some of the follicles can develop faster than others, becoming dominant, within 10-15 days a mature full-fledged cell emerges from them. After the release of the latter, a new phase of the menstrual period begins - ovulation. It lasts only a day.
After comes the luteal stage or the corpus luteum phase. The cell begins to slowly move to the uterine body. In this case, if fertilization occurs, the embryo passes into the uterine cavity and attaches to it. If fertilization does not occur, then the cell simply dies and leaves together with blood secretions.
Anovulation, what is it? In some cases, it happens that the cells do not mature to the end, and ovulation does not occur. In this case, the cycle is anovulatory in nature. Is it possible to get pregnant without menstruation? In this case, menstruation can either go constantly, or be completely absent. If the cell does not come out together with menstruation, then this condition is called anovulation. In this case, the egg may not form at all or may not have time to reach the uterine cavity. But there are also cases when menstruation never appears, but ovulation occurs constantly.
Ovulation without menstruation
The absence of menstruation in a woman can be caused by various factors:
- Feeding a newborn. Most often, cases of re-pregnancy are observed in the postpartum and lactation period. Pregnancy while breastfeeding can occur only in certain cases. While the newborn is fed only breast milk, the process of producing estrogen in a woman is disrupted, for this reason the eggs do not mature and ovulation does not occur. But immediately after the child begins to receive complementary foods, lactation worsens, and egg maturation is restored. The amount of estrogen inthe body begins to increase and the maturation of new eggs begins from the beginning of the next ovulation. If conception did not occur, then the dead cell comes out with the first postpartum menstruation, which is distinguished by a pale pink discharge. In the future, ovulation will improve and become regular.
- Problems with the onset of menstruation. This condition also occurs quite often. In this case, menstruation occurs at different times, may be absent for several periods, but ovulation still occurs. This condition is common with menopause or in the first years of menopause in a woman.
- Disturbances in the ovaries. Often, the absence of menstruation with a negative test is associated with problems in the functioning of the ovaries. Such a lesion is characterized by failures in the onset of menstruation. The disease, most often, go together with disorders in the endocrine system and thyroid gland.
Gynecological problems
Physiological influence. Delays in menstruation can also be triggered by gynecological problems, since diseases of the reproductive system can adversely affect the ovaries: inflammation, uterine fibroids, cervical oncology. In addition, menstruation may be absent for a long time due to inflammation of the ovaries.
Polycystic and obesity
Polycystic ovary. Such a violation is often diagnosed in a woman with a simple examination. In women with this condition, active hair growth above the lip, excessive oily hair and skin, excess weight and other symptoms can be detected.which appear due to a sharp jump in testosterone levels. It is these differences that lead to problems with the onset of menstruation. The most dangerous in this case is infertility, since testosterone negatively affects the process of maturation of female germ cells.
Obesity or underweight. With too much or too little weight, problems with the appearance of menstruation are often noted, while ovulation, as a rule, occurs regularly. After fixing the problem, periods quickly return to normal.
In addition, ovulation without bleeding often occurs with excessive physical exertion, nervous breakdowns, problems with the nervous system, with a poorly composed diet and long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.
Can conception occur
Is it possible to get pregnant in the absence of menstruation? There is always an opportunity to conceive a child in the absence of menstruation. If they are absent for a long time, then the doctor diagnoses the presence of amenorrhea (false or true). With false amenorrhea, the chance of conception is high, but how the pregnancy itself will go depends directly on the cause of this condition.
Pregnancy with the true form of amenorrhea is impossible. For conception in this case, you need to undergo a full course of treatment, restore your menstrual cycle. It is important to normalize your weight and try to avoid physical and emotional stress. It is also important to start treating existing diseases.
Prevention measures
To determine the cause of amenorrhea, it is important to conduct a general gynecological examination of the woman, take an anamnesis for verification, conduct the required laboratory tests, including testing of sex hormones and thyroid gland, and undergo an ultrasound examination of the pelvis. All diagnostic procedures will help determine if the patient has problems with the hormonal system and find out exactly why this happened.
To detect a pituitary tumor, you need to undergo an examination by a neurologist, do an MRI or CT scan, as well as an x-ray of the skull. Hereditary diseases can be detected by karyotyping. Diseases of the reproductive system are diagnosed by a gynecologist after an ultrasound scan. Some types of endocrine pathologies require additional diagnostics, for example, polycystic ovary syndrome.
Treatment measures
No period for a year - what to do? Treatment of amenorrhea should be started as soon as the cause is identified. It is important to avoid stressful situations and start taking sedatives and natural herbal remedies.
The main ways to treat the absence of menstruation - taking hormonal drugs:
- estrogens;
- gestagens;
- combined oral contraceptives;
- non-steroidal ovarian stimulants.
Treatment may take a long time and require surgery orhormonal correction. Ignoring the problem with menstruation is extremely dangerous, as this can lead to serious consequences.
