If a couple tried to conceive a child for a year, but they did not succeed, doctors talk about primary infertility. To clarify the diagnosis and identify the cause of this condition, they need to undergo a comprehensive examination. First of all, a man is assigned a spermogram procedure, which is the most informative diagnostic measure. It is with its help that one can detect such a pathological condition as aggregation in the spermogram. What this definition means and what effect it has on a man's ability to conceive, we will consider in the article.
Aggregation definition
Sperm quality is assessed by several indicators, one of which is the aggregation of spermatozoa in the spermogram. What it is? Normally, a man's sperm should have a uniform consistency, but it happens that under the influence of various reasons, sperm begin to stick together with other cells, formingpeculiar clots that a he althy man should not have. This condition is pathological and can adversely affect the reproductive function of a man, because spermatozoa in this form cannot move normally and lose their functionality. But experts note that in the absence of other changes in the analysis indicators, aggregation will not be a significant barrier to conception. If the spermogram indicates the presence of other pathologies, we can talk about a violation of the reproductive function. This condition requires immediate treatment, as the lack of therapy can lead to irreparable consequences.
Cells with which gluing occurs
During aggregation, spermatozoa stick together not with each other, but with other cells.
- Particles of slime. The consequence of this is the deterioration of sperm motility, which leads to a decrease in the likelihood of natural conception.
- Dead cells. This happens when a man has an inflammatory process of the organs of the reproductive system for a long time.
- Epithelial cells, immune cells, macrophages, erythrocytes and others.
The difference between aggregation and agglutination
It is very important not to confuse these two states. In aggregation and agglutination in the spermogram, the principle of development is very similar to each other. But if, during sperm aggregation, spermatozoa stick together with other cells, then during agglutination, they connect with each other and lose their ability to move.
Reasons
There are several main reasons for aggregation in the spermogram. Most of them are associated with inflammatory processes in the male genitourinary system. Let us consider in more detail the most common factors in the occurrence of this pathology.
- Cystitis, which is characterized by infection of the bladder.
- Prostatitis.
- Inflammatory processes of the testicles and appendages.
- Inflammation of the testicles.
- STDs.
- Pyelonephritis.
- Paraproctitis.
- Various neoplasms.
- Alcohol and smoking, which affect the density of sperm, increasing the risk of sperm sticking to other cells.
In addition to the above factors, the cause of aggregation in the spermogram are:
- Unhe althy diet, with predominant fatty, smoked, spicy food.
- Frequent stress.
- Work in hazardous production.
- Decreased immunity.
- Bad habits.
- Injuries to the male genitourinary system.
Diagnosis
In some cases, a man can independently detect signs of aggregation in the spermogram. What does it mean? First of all, the following manifestations should alert:
- The appearance of lumps or seals in seminal fluid.
- Changing the color of semen.
- Change in consistency. The sperm becomes thicker and more viscous.
The detection of the above symptoms is the reasonvisit a doctor and take the necessary tests. The following studies are assigned in the first place:
- Urine and blood tests.
- Pap swabs.
- Backseeding.
- Ultrasound.
- MAR test to detect immunological infertility.
- Spermogram. It is this method that is the most informative in detecting gluing of spermatozoa. It is performed using a special sensitive microscope, which determines not only the presence of gluing, but also how much mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes that are contained in the ejaculant.
Transcription of analysis
When detecting aggregation in the spermogram, much attention is paid to which cells the spermatozoa adhered to.
- Aggregation with mucus. This condition occurs most often and is characterized by a non-standard volume of ejection of seminal fluid. The reason for the appearance of lumps can indicate their color. If they are white, transparent and have the consistency of mucus, this indicates prolonged abstinence. With the next sexual intercourse, such inclusions may disappear, otherwise it is recommended to consult a specialist. Reddish lumps or with blood impurities indicate the occurrence of urethritis or tumor formations. Yellowish indicate an inflammatory process with the appearance of pus. This causes painful urination and pain during intercourse.
- Aggregation in spermogram with debris. What does it mean? In this case, the spermatozoa stick together so that between them there areelements of dead cells. As a rule, this happens with a progressive inflammatory process. External signs of this pathology are practically not manifested, with the exception of pain during intercourse. This type of aggregation can only be detected through a spermogram. Treatment can be quite lengthy.
- Epithelial tissue.
- Macrophages. In this case, the spermogram shows the presence of a large amount of mucus.
- Leukocytes. Bonding with these cells indicates the development of the inflammatory process.
- Erythrocytes. In this case, blood may appear in the semen and its color may change. This pathological condition indicates injuries or diseases of the genitourinary system.
It is important to know that the severity of aggregation is evaluated by pluses. The more of them, the more pronounced the inflammatory process that occurs in the organs of the male genitourinary system.
Many are wondering what is aggregation in the spermogram one plus. This result suggests that at this stage the changes are insignificant and, with the right therapy, the condition quickly returns to normal. It should be noted that the degree of aggregation can be marked not only by pluses, but also by digital values. For example, if the analysis showed aggregation 1 in the spermogram, this would mean a weak gluing.
After the result of the study indicated a pathological condition, it is recommended to retake the analysis after 2 weeks in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Preparation for spermogram
To get the most accurateresult, you must adhere to a number of rules, which we will discuss below:
- About a week before the analysis, refuse fried, spicy, smoked foods.
- It is not recommended to drink strong tea and coffee.
- You should refrain from sexual intercourse for 5-7 days.
- Do not overheat the genital area.
- Do not wear tight underwear.
- Do not visit baths and saunas.
- About a week to give up alcohol and smoking.
- Meals should be balanced and contain enough protein food.
- Stop taking medications 7-10 days before the procedure. Hormonal drugs are canceled a month before the spermogram.
- Limit physical activity.
- You should also know that many spermatozoa die at a temperature, so it makes no sense to take an analysis while you are sick, for example, SARS.
Medicated treatment
The appointment of therapy is possible only after the main cause of the pathological condition has been identified. Based on this, the doctor prescribes the most effective treatment plan in each case.
Treatment of aggregation in the spermogram in most cases includes drug therapy. The following drug categories are prescribed:
- Antibacterial agents that are selected individually.
- Vitamin therapy, which plays an important role in the treatment of sperm aggregation, as it not only helps to relieve the inflammatory process, but alsoimprove sperm quality.
- Anspasmodic drugs.
- Hepatoprotectors, which are prescribed to protect the liver from the negative effects of drugs.
- Dietary supplements that have proven themselves in the treatment of aggregation.
Three weeks after the end of treatment, it is necessary to take the test again.
Other treatments
In addition to drug therapy, aggregation in the spermogram can be cured with the help of physiotherapy and a special diet.
The first includes the following procedures:
- Electrical stimulation.
- Prostate massage.
- Oxygen saturation in the pressure chamber, after which the hormonal background normalizes, metabolic processes improve, and sperm counts improve significantly.
- Laser therapy.
- Treatment with leeches that improves spermatogenesis and seminal fluid quality.
In addition to the above methods, diet plays an important role in the treatment of aggregation in the spermogram. The following foods should be excluded from the diet:
- Sharp.
- Fried.
- Smoked.
- Semi-finished products.
- Spices.
The following foods are recommended:
- Seafood.
- Chocolate.
- Nuts.
- Grains.
- Fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Red meat.
- Vegetable oils.
- Cereals.
- It is also necessary to observe the drinking regime, drinking at least 2 liters of water per day.
Prevention
Toto minimize the risk of sperm aggregation, some rules must be followed.
- Following a diet.
- Refuse to work in hazardous industries.
- Do not drink alcohol or smoke.
- More walks and exercise.
- Have a fulfilling sex life.
- Use protective equipment, as many diseases that provoke pathology are sexually transmitted.
- Sperm analysis once a year.
- Scheduled doctor's visit.
Conclusion
Since aggregation in the spermogram is not an independent disease, it is necessary to identify and exclude the pathology that led to this. Self-medication is not recommended, since many causes of aggregation are associated with inflammatory processes, which are treated by certain groups of drugs on an individual basis. With a timely visit to the doctor and the implementation of all his recommendations, the prognosis for sperm aggregation in most cases is positive.
