Hyperthermic syndrome is a rapid increase in body temperature, usually above 40 degrees. When such a patient is in the house, it causes panic among his relatives, since we all know the danger of a fever and its consequences. If a fever occurs in children, parents rightly "sound all the bells", as the small body is not yet strong enough and needs help to overcome the fever.
Hyperthermic syndrome: what is it
This condition in children is observed quite often. This is due to the vulnerability of a small organism, the lack of strong immunity and particular sensitivity to various viruses, infections and bacteria. An increase in body temperature is always a protective reaction to any kind of malfunction in the body. As a result, blood bactericidal activity increases, leukocytes become more active, metabolism increases, endogenous interferon production occurs twice as fast.
In hyperthermic syndrome, the hypothalamus, which is located in the brain and is responsible for regulating body temperature,susceptible to stimuli. If the fever occurs unexpectedly and develops rapidly, this leads to a load on the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. Oxygen enters the blood faster and more actively, but it does not prevent the development of possible hypoxia, which causes convulsions and various kinds of malfunctions in the central nervous system. To avoid possible complications, the body temperature of very young children is best measured every day.
The most common reasons for a raise
body temperature
Hyperthermic syndrome in children may occur primarily due to SARS or influenza. Temperature indicators in this case do not always exceed the mark of 40 degrees, but sometimes this is due to weakened immunity, an acute form of the disease, or individual characteristics of its course. Determining the cause of the fever in this case is quite easy, as it is usually accompanied by a cough or runny nose.
The primary source of fever is any infectious disease (chickenpox, rubella, measles), as well as appendicitis. If the fever was caused by a malfunction of the internal organs, inflammatory processes, then this is a very serious situation that requires the immediate assistance of a medical officer. Hyperthermic syndrome is especially dangerous in case of kidney diseases: microbiota, renal failure can proceed unpredictably and be accompanied by many complications. Therefore, watch your symptoms closely to help your doctor make the correct diagnosis. He alth depends on it, and sometimesthe life of a little man.
What else can provoke a hypothermic
syndrome
Sometimes a fever is caused by an overdose or an intolerance to certain medications. In babies, the temperature sometimes jumps after routine vaccinations. To circumvent this situation, parents start giving their child antihistamines 5 days before vaccination.
High temperature can be triggered by the action of toxins in case of poisoning: they attack the brain and that part of it where the body temperature regulator is located. This is a malignant hyperthermia syndrome. In addition, with anesthesia and a coma, a fever may occur.
The banal causes of heat are also: elementary overheating in the sun, heatstroke or even stress. Toddlers also react physically to different life situations: therefore, indigestion and high fever are common consequences of a nervous state. Children also have a hard time acclimatizing, so after arriving in an exotic country, don't be surprised if your little one comes down with a fever. Hyperthermic syndrome in adults is also possible for this reason, but in extremely rare cases.
Types of hyperthermic syndrome
It manifests itself in different ways depending on the specific case and the characteristics of the child's body. For example, in terms of duration, hyperthermic syndrome can be ephemeral (from several hours to two days), acute (up to two weeks), subacute (up to 45 days) and chronic (more than 45 days). The last two species are found almost nowhere in the modern world,as new technologies allow you to quickly bring down the fever and provide help for hyperthermic syndrome.
In addition, there are such types of fever:
- Constant. Keeps at the same level - more than 39 degrees (accompanies diseases such as lobar pneumonia, typhoid and typhus).
- Descending. Sometimes it drops to 38 degrees, but does not reach normal levels (typical for bronchitis, pneumonia, flu).
- Interleaved. Periods of normal temperature alternate with bouts of fever (occurs with sepsis and malaria).
- Returnable. Here, the opposite is true: periods of heat are replaced by a normal state (occurs with typhus).
- Wave. Long periods of rise and fall (typical for brucellosis, Hodgkin's disease).
- Depleting. Large temperature fluctuations (tuberculosis, sepsis).
- Wrong, inexplicable and out of line.
Clinical picture
Hyperthermic syndrome in children can manifest itself in different ways. Usually, depending on the general condition of the baby, the strength of his body and individual characteristics, fever is:
- Pink. This is not even a completely hyperthermic syndrome, but only a partial manifestation of it. Hyperthermic reaction - this is the name of the state of heat, when the child's skin is warm, the mucous membranes are moderately moist, there is no tachycardia. Generalcondition is quite satisfactory.
- Pale. This is hyperthermic syndrome in its purest form. The patient feels chills, the skin is pale with a marbled pattern, the arms and legs are icy, tachycardia is possible. The temperature is very difficult to bring down. It is characterized by metabolic disorders, microcirculation disorders and dysfunction of internal organs. The baby may be in a very serious condition, in which first aid is urgently needed. You must call an ambulance and, while waiting for her arrival, try to reduce the child's fever on your own.
What should parents do before the doctors arrive
Waiting for the medical team, you have no right to lament or sit back. With simple actions, parents can alleviate hyperthermia syndrome. Emergency care without drugs and various kinds of drugs is as follows:
- Put the baby to bed, open the window and provide fresh air.
- Unbutton your baby's clothes. Don't wrap it up if it's on fire. On the contrary, apply something cold, preferably in the groin area. Turn on the fan and direct the flow of fresh air towards the child. You can wipe the patient's skin with table vinegar with water or alcohol (if the child is under 3 months old, this procedure should be abandoned).
- If your son or daughter is experiencing chills, then, on the contrary, cover them with a warm blanket, additionally attaching a heating pad to their legs.
It is very important to give the baby to drink, the more the better. So the body will quickly get rid ofpoisoning toxins. If you are sure that the cause of the fever was poisoning, you can wash the child's stomach and intestines. Do not leave the baby alone if he has hyperthermic syndrome. The first aid provided by the parents will not only alleviate his physical condition, but also support the child morally, because care and attention are very important for him now.
The drug "Paracetamol": the main weapon against fever
After you called the doctor and took the first steps to alleviate the baby's condition, you can try to bring down the temperature yourself. Hyperthermic syndrome in children, in which emergency care also consists in drug treatment, involves taking antipyretics. At home, giving the necessary dose of such a drug is an important and necessary step, which, if it does not completely eliminate the fever, will greatly alleviate the general condition of the baby.
The safest and most reliable antipyretic drug is the good old drug "Paracetamol", the daily dose of which should not exceed 60 mg / kg. It is produced in the form of rectal suppositories for the smallest, as well as syrups, capsules and dragees for older children. Paracetamol should not be taken for more than three days in a row, because it can cause a hepatotoxic effect - a violation of the liver. Also, it is not recommended to give it to babies with individual intolerance to the drug.
Other antipyretic medicines
These are drugs "Ibufen" and"Nurofen", children's forms of ibuprofen. Usually, kids perceive it well, although it has more side effects, and they occur more often than from the same Paracetamol drug. These medicines can be given to a child if he is already a year old and he does not tolerate Paracetamol. They will help to tame hyperthermic syndrome in children, the emergency help of these drugs is manifested not only in their antipyretic effect, but also in the ability to calm pain.
Homeopathic remedy for fever - "Viburkol". But it does not always work effectively and quickly in hyperthermic syndrome. In individual cases, parents can give the antipyretic drug that is available at home, so as not to waste time on the road to the pharmacy (this may be the drug "Efferalgan", "Panadol" and others). If the baby has already taken this medicine, and you are sure that it works, feel free to give the recommended dose for his age and weight, described in the instructions.
The main thing that parents need to remember: young children should not take antipyretic drugs such as Analgin, Aspirin, Antipyrin, Amidopyrine, Phenacetin and other medicines based on them. If you are very unsure about the choice of antipyretic tablets or syrups, call a pediatrician you know who will help you make a decision.
Doctors' actions
The team of doctors who came to the call in their arsenal has a lot of tools that will help quickly eliminate hyperthermic syndrome. Emergency care of doctors consists in an injection, which consists of three substances: papaverine, analgin and diphenhydramine. This method is very effective and is used if the baby's condition is critical, and all your efforts have failed to reduce the temperature.
Also, the baby can be injected with a solution of chlorpromazine, pipolfen and novocaine. Eufillin helps with vasospasm, and midazolam helps to calm the nervous system. The doctor calculates the dose for your child while trying to quickly determine the cause of the fever. Be prepared for questions, because your quick response is very important. Depending on the primary source of fever, the child is given antiviral, hormonal or other drugs. At the same time, when the baby has hyperthermic syndrome, he should not take calcium supplements, vasopressors and atropine.
Common medical mistakes
Hythermic syndrome manifests itself very differently in adults and children. First aid should be aimed primarily at eliminating the causes of fever. Only if in adults a high temperature develops gradually against the background of various kinds of symptoms, then in babies the fever often occurs unexpectedly. Even in the evening the child laughed and played, and at night he was in critical condition. Therefore, the main task of the doctor is to quickly and accurately establish the correct diagnosis, prescribe the necessary treatment. Often ambulances do not have defibrillators, which are so necessary when rescuing babies.
The most common medical mistakes:incorrect dosage of the drug, an incompatible combination of drugs that can mask the main symptoms of the disease. Therefore, on admission to the hospital, it is often impossible to determine the root cause of the fever. Doctors also need to pay attention to the age of the patient and, in accordance with it, prescribe resuscitation measures. Competent work of doctors accompanies the quick recovery of the baby and the prevention of possible complications after the transferred hyperthermic syndrome.
