SVC syndrome or Wolff-Parkinson-White disease is a congenital anomaly in the structure of the heart. In the presence of the Kent's bundle - an additional direction of conduction from the atria to the ventricles, this is the most common syndrome of early activation of the ventricles. Most people with this disease, which is more common in men than women, have no signs of heart disease. Kent's bundle is an abnormal accumulation of myocardial fibers located in the area between one of the ventricles and the left atrium, which is of great importance in the pathogenesis of painful deviation.
In some patients, ERW syndrome may not have any clinical manifestations, except for arrhythmia. In half of patients with this anomaly, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias are detected: atrial flutter and fibrillation, as well as supraventricular reciprocal arrhythmias. This syndrome often accompanies heart conditions such as mitral valve prolapse, Ebstein anomaly, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Since SVC syndrome can occur in a latent form, its detection is possible only with ventricular electrical stimulation. It's connected withthe limited capacity of the pathways to pass impulses in the antegrade direction. On the cardiogram during the period of sinus rhythm, the manifestations of early activation of the ventricles will not be reflected in any way. Pronounced SVC disease has the following ECG signs: a short interval P - R, P - Q; wave D; expansion of the QRS complex; tachyarrhythmias.
SVC syndrome can be detected at any age, starting with a newborn. Its manifestation can be facilitated by any heart disease that occurs with a distortion of AV conduction. The constant manifestation of SVC disease, accompanied by attacks of arrhythmia, distorts intracardiac hemodynamics, which inevitably leads to expansion of the cardiac chambers and a decrease in the ability of the myocardium to contract. Symptoms of the disease largely depend on the duration and frequency of tachyarrhythmias. Coronary death occurs in 4% of cases with this disease, usually due to fatal arrhythmias.
SVC syndrome is treated and attacks are prevented in various ways: to prevent an attack of tachycardia, antiarrhythmic drugs are used; in the event of supraventricular tachycardia, jet, intravenous administration of adenosine triphosphate is used, which causes a short-term cardiac arrest and its further restart; in the event of atrial fibrillation syndrome, urgent electrical defibrillation is performed with further destruction of additional pathways.
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome is treated with surgery for: definitionsfrequent attacks of atrial fibrillation; the presence of attacks of tachyamitria with hemodynamic disturbances; the presence of an attack after antiarrhythmic therapy; in cases of contraindications for long-term drug therapy.
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