In all living organisms that have bone tissue, the biological support of the body is the skeleton. In the body of an adult, it consists of more than two hundred bones connected in series. The skeleton of the human lower leg consists of two tubular long bones of different thicknesses - the fibula and the tibia. The fibula is located laterally, that is, in the lateral part relative to the midline of the lower leg. The tibia has a medial location, that is, it occupies an internal position in the structure of the lower leg and is connected to the thigh bone through the knee joint.
The mechanical axis of the leg, through which the weight of the torso is transmitted to the supporting part of the lower limb, runs in the direction from the central section of the femoral head to the middle of the ankle joint through the knee joint. The vertical axis of the leg from below is combined with the vertical axis of the tibia, which accounts for the entire body mass, and therefore it has a greater thickness than the fibula. When the tibia deviates from the vertical axis of the leg to the inside or side, an angle is formed between the lower leg and thigh(defect of X-shaped and O-shaped legs).
Proximal - located closer to the center, the end of the tibia consists of two thickenings of the bone epiphysis - condyles, having a medial and lateral location. The fibula is a long tubular bone with thickenings at the ends. The upper proximal epiphysis forms the head, which, with the help of a flat, rounded articular surface, is connected to the external condyle of the tibia. The epiphysis of the tibia, located at the bottom of the lower leg, passes sequentially into the medial malleolus, which, together with the lower epiphysis of the tibia, is connected to the talus by the articular part. The human tibia will connect to the tibia intermediate tibiofibular joint and syndesmosis, as well as the tibial web located between the bones.
Due to prolonged static loads, pain often occurs in the lower leg. The cause of pain can be mechanical damage, dislocations, sprains, which require immediate medical attention. Pain in the lower leg can also occur due to compression of the root, concentrated in the lower back of the spine, or improper medication.
Usually the tibia hurts in the area below the knee on the outside of the leg, in the area of the tibia. The pain is localized at an interval of 10-15 centimeters and worsens during physical activity. Rarely, the cause of tibia pain may beserve as Paget's disease, Raynaud's syndrome, tissue compression, malignant and benign tumors, disc herniation and the use of certain medications. Most often, the tibia and fibula can hurt for the following reasons:
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The connection of the tibia with the knee joint shin fractures;
- muscle spasm;
- tear ligaments;
- decrease in the concentration of calcium, magnesium, potassium in the blood;
- inflammation of tendons;
- vascular atherosclerosis;
- thrombophlebitis;
- arthritis or arthrosis;
- damage to nerve fibers;
- osteomyelitis;
- damage and inflammation of the calcaneal tendon;
- trap syndrome;
- periostopathies;
- torn calf muscles;
- patella inflammation;
- lymph venous insufficiency;
- inflammation and tear of the patellar ligament.
Any complaint of pain in the shin area should be consulted by a doctor, because it may be associated with a serious illness with serious consequences for the general he alth of a person.
