The course of drug treatment of sinusitis is determined by the doctor after clarifying the form of the disease and the patient's condition. A common cause of an acute inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses is an acute viral or bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. Selection of the right therapy and medications, regular remedial measures will help to completely cure the disease.
What is sinusitis?
The maxillary sinuses are located near the nasal passages and are connected to them by outlet openings (ostia) with a diameter of 1-3 mm. When an infection occurs and inflammation begins, the nasal cavity swells, blocking the openings leading to the sinuses. In this blocked part of the maxillary cavity, leukocytes accumulate, which begin to fight the infection, which gives rise to an acute form of catarrhal sinusitis. At this stage, timely treatment gives a chance to avoid further complications.
If the patient missed the onset of the disease and did not turn to the laryngologist in time, then the dead leukocytes accumulate in the sinuses, "fermentation" begins, which is called purulent inflammation. In such a situation, treatment must be started urgently, taking into account the knowledge of what drugs are used for sinusitis. After all, the brain is located nearby, which is dangerous for the patient with severe complications, and even for his life.
Therapy of sinusitis: general rules
After examining and establishing the cause of the disease, the doctor prescribes a comprehensive treatment that will help overcome the infection that has entered the body, alleviate the patient's condition and avoid further relapses. Effective drugs for sinusitis help to destroy the infection, get rid of the common cold. They can also relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, reduce headaches, improve the patient's condition, bring down the temperature.
Complex medical treatment of sinusitis in adults consists of a set of several types of drugs, such as:
- antibiotics;
- anti-inflammatory drugs;
- antihistamines;
- vasoconstrictor sprays and nasal drops;
- antipyretic;
- immunostimulating agents.
All of the listed drugs for sinusitis, acting in a complex, will relieve inflammation and cure the disease without the use of a puncture of the maxillary sinus ("puncture"), which is used in severe forms of purulent sinusitis.
Rinse the sinuses
The very first step in the treatment of sinusitis is the procedure for removing pus and inflammation products from the sinuses and nasal cavity. In a hospital setting, this is usually done using the cuckoo or the Proetsu method. Its action lies in the fact that a medicinal solution is poured into one nasal passage, and the contents are sucked out of the other by vacuum.
During the procedure, the patient must repeat the words "cuckoo" to exclude the possibility of liquid getting into the throat, hence the "folk" name. In order to carry out the procedure at home, you can use auxiliary tools, using a saline solution for pouring. Also in the pharmacy you can buy a special set "Dolphin", consisting of a bottle with a tube, a nozzle and a dispenser on the lid. The kit also sells disposable packages with a mineral-vegetable remedy intended for washing the sinuses.
"Dolphin" with sinus helps not only wash the accumulated mucus, but also remove bacteria, dust and other harmful substances, after which the patient's breathing is completely restored. The composition of the washing liquid includes a complex of minerals, as well as plant extracts of wild rose and licorice, which have an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and immune-supporting effect.
Before taking the contents of the sachet must be dissolved in boiled water, the procedure itself is absolutely safe for the nasal mucosa and does not cause discomfort.
Means "Dolphin" is available in 3 types:
- for adults - set of special device (volume 240 ml) and 10 or 30 sachets of washing liquid;
- for children from 4 years old - a bottle of 120 ml and 30 sachets of 1 g;
- mineral product sets are sold separately in sachets for children, 1 g each and for adults, 2 g each.
Use of antibiotics
In case of inflammation in the maxillary sinuses, it is necessary to stop the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria as soon as possible and prevent the infection from entering the sinuses. To do this, ENT specialists use a course of systemic or local antibiotics.
To accurately determine the causative agent of the disease, a swab is taken from the nasal cavity, a Gram stain is done, and then bacteriological seeding and analysis for sensitivity to various types of drugs. Most often, sowing is done in the chronic form of the disease, which is not amenable to standard effective treatment of sinusitis - broad-spectrum antibiotics.
With a properly selected drug, the positive effect of treatment occurs within 2-3 days, this is a decrease in temperature, a decrease in headache and pressure in the forehead and nose, and an improvement in well-being.
Modern effective antibiotics for sinusitis are drugs of several groups:
- aminopenicillins ("Ampisid", "Libakcil", "Sulbacin", etc.);
- amoxicillin clavulonates ("Augmentin","Amoxiclav", "Rapiclav");
- macrolides ("Sumamed", "Azitrox", "Elrox", "Kystrotsin");
- cephalosporins ("Zaftera", "Maxipim", etc.);
- fluoroquinolones ("Levostar", "Zanocin", "Sparbakt", etc.).
In parallel, it is necessary to take probiotic preparations to normalize the intestinal flora ("Linex", "Bion-3", "Normoflorin", etc.).
Nose drops
The task of vasoconstrictor drops or sprays (decongestants) is to eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa and adjacent sinuses, relieve congestion, and ease breathing. They are recommended to be used only in the first days of illness in order to alleviate the condition, to be able to "freely" breathe for several days. For more professional therapy, you should consult a doctor to clarify the form of sinusitis and apply more effective treatments.
The therapeutic effect of nasal decongestants is as follows:
- fight germs and infection;
- improving the outflow of allocated secrets;
- restoration of the functions of the ciliated epithelium;
- liquidation of mucus and its removal to the outside;
- moisturizing the mucosa and alleviating the general condition;
- vasoconstriction and edema removal.
The main types of inexpensive drops in the nose from sinusitis are distinguished by the active substance:
- xylometazoline (drugs "Otrivin","Galazolin", etc.) - the price is 40-100 rubles;
- phenylephrine ("Vibrocil") - complex drops that have an antihistamine and vasoconstrictor effect, can also be used in children, the price is about 300 rubles;
- nafazolin ("Sanorin") - approved for use by children from 2 years old, costs 40-80 rubles;
- oxymetazoline ("Nazol" and "Nazol-Baby") - allowed for children, price 180-240 rubles
- "Rinofluimucil" - a spray that has a mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effect, 280 rubles
The disadvantage of decongestants is a short-term effect, which usually lasts from 2-3 hours (Sanorin, Naphthyzin) to 12 hours (Nazol, Nazivin, etc.).
For the treatment of the acute form of the disease, hormonal or nose drops with an antibiotic are prescribed. With sinusitis, they relieve inflammation well and destroy the cause of the disease. They are prescribed by a doctor only after finding out and diagnosing the bacterial nature of the disease. These drugs include "Nasonex", "Flixonase" (contain hormones); "Isofra", "Polydex", "Sofradex", "Garazon", "Protargol", "Fluimucil" (antibiotics), etc.
Recommendations for the use of drops for sinusitis
The choice of drugs for sinusitis in the form of sprays and nasal drops depends on the symptoms of the disease and negative accompanying signs:
- with dry nose and heavy discharge applyproducts containing saline solutions, for example, "Aquamaris", "Salin", which help moisturize the mucosa and remove mucus;
- in case of discharge of pus, it is necessary to use antibacterial agents, they must be prescribed by a doctor after the examination;
- when dry secretion accumulates in the sinuses, mucolytics are prescribed to thin it;
- if the patient has difficulty breathing, ordinary vasoconstrictor drops are suitable for "rescue";
- for children and pregnant women it is better to use special preparations approved for a given age and condition or folk remedies;
- when no drops help anymore, then the puncture of the maxillary sinus is used as the "last" remedy, surgery is possible.
"Nasonex" and other hormonal drops
The drug belongs to the group of hormonal local remedies based on corticosteroids and is intended for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the nasal passages and sinuses. "Nasonex" for sinusitis in adults is used only after consulting a doctor, because it contains the hormone mometasone. This is a strong hormonal substance that has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory process on the mucous membranes of the nose when applied topically.
The medicine comes in the form of a suspension that must be shaken before use. Injection is carried out using a special dispenser nozzle.
The action of "Nasonex" is as follows:
- decreasemucosal inflammation by blocking mediators;
- removal of edema (vasoconstrictor action), which allows the nose to breathe freely;
- anti-allergic effect, which is associated with the blocking of receptors on the mucous membrane that react to the irritating effect of the allergen.
The drug is recommended for use in sinusitis, complicated by the influence of a pathogenic bacterial infection, in combination with antibacterial drugs. When pus is discharged from the nasal passages, it is recommended to rinse them thoroughly first.
The dosage of "Nasonex" for adults is 2 injections twice a day, for children from 2.5 years old - 1 injection 1 time per day. The drug has contraindications (individual intolerance to the components) and negative side effects in the form of nosebleeds, discomfort, headache, increased eye pressure, so it is used only after consulting a doctor.
Similar drops and sprays for the medical treatment of sinusitis with glucocorticosteroids are recommended for treatment with exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease:
- "Flixonase" (contains fluticasone) - used in adults and children from 5 years of age;
- "Avamys" - used once a day (in the morning) in adults and children over 4 years old.
Sinuforte
The action of drops in the nose "Sinuforte" is based on the ability of the active substance - cyclamen from the group of saponins - to accelerate the release of secretions that lubricate the mucous membranesmembranes of the nasal cavity, which helps the release of viscous thick mucus to the outside.
"Sinuforte" with sinusitis helps to cleanse the nasal cavity and sinuses from pus, restores drainage and ventilation. The packaging of the medicine contains bottles with powder and liquid extract of European cyclamen, after connecting them, you need to shake them up, screw the dispenser cap onto the bottle, with which the medicine is sprayed into the nasal passage.
Instructions for use are as follows:
- after preparing the solution, remove the cap and do a test spray into the air;
- during the procedure, keep your head straight, insert the upper part of the dispenser into the nasal passage and spray into each sinus;
- after 2-3 minutes, the medicine begins to act: there is an active secretion of mucus and lasts up to 2 hours;
- pus comes out first, gradually the discharge becomes more transparent;
- after cleansing the sinuses, normal breathing is restored;
- injection is carried out every 1-2 days, 1 dose;
- Duration of treatment - 8 days with a daily procedure and 16 - when applied every other day;
- after 6-8 treatments full recovery is possible.
Contraindications to the use of "Sinuforte":
- high sensitivity to the active substance (cyclamen);
- allergic rhinitis;
- high blood pressure (hypertension);
- Children under 12;
- pregnancy and lactation.
Sinuforte should not be taken at the same time as local anesthetics. Also drugIt is also available in the form of drops that are injected into the nasal passages using a special dispenser on the bottle.
Spray and nose drops "Polydex": instructions for use
Positive therapeutic effect of drops containing antibiotics in the treatment of sinusitis:
- reducing the volume of purulent discharge;
- reducing the concentration and destruction of pathogenic microorganisms;
- inhibition of inflammation on the nasal mucosa.
One of the widely used drugs in the form of a spray or drops - "Polydex". Instructions for the use of drops in the nose recommends using the medicine 5 times a day, injecting 1 time (for adults), or three times a day (children 2-16 years old).
It consists of:
- phenylephrine, which constricts blood vessels and makes it easier to breathe through the nose;
- dexamethasone - hormones that help destroy the pathogenic flora and stop the inflammatory process;
- neomycin and polymyxin are antibacterial agents.
Contraindications to the use of "Polydex" are hypertension, allergic reactions, glaucoma in a patient, a tendency to convulsions.
"Isofra": instructions for use for children and adults
This drug is the most popular, due to its effective action and the possibility of use in children. It refers to topical agents for the symptomatic treatment of ENT diseases. Contains sulfateframycetin, which has strong antibacterial activity and the ability to destroy bacterial cells with a violation of their metabolism. Its action is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that multiply in the upper respiratory tract.
Recommended usage:
- adults - 1 injection every 4-6 hours;
- according to the instructions for use of "Isofra", for children over 1 year old, they are injected three times a day, 1 dose;
- course of treatment is 7-10 days depending on the severity of the disease;
- when injecting, the bottle must be held vertically.
In severe cases, with the threat of complications or with purulent sinusitis, the use of the spray should be combined with the use of antibiotics orally or by injection. During pregnancy and feeding a child, the use of "Isofra" is prohibited due to the negative impact on the formation of the baby's hearing organs.
Treatment of sinusitis in children
For the medical treatment of sinusitis in babies, it is best to use nasal drops, because the use of a spray or aerosol can provoke laryngospasm in a child who has allergic and other he alth problems.
Most of these drugs are contraindicated in children under the age of 2-3 years, because the formation of the maxillary sinuses in a child continues during the first 3-4 years. Therefore, treatment should begin with washing the sinuses with saline or Aquamaris for children, they are allowedeven for babies almost from birth.
After 3 years of age, special children's types of drops are allowed for use, for example, "Nazol-Baby" and others. A doctor can prescribe hormonal drugs only from 3-4 years old. Care should be taken when prescribing herbal preparations ("Pinosol", "Sinuforte"), which, with individual intolerance, can cause allergic reactions.
The list of drugs for the medical treatment of sinusitis is very large, therefore, for a successful recovery, it is best to contact a laryngologist who can correctly select the right medicines that will help alleviate the general condition, relieve the unpleasant symptoms of the disease and contribute to its cure.
