Symptoms of renal colic are considered an acute condition requiring emergency care. The main symptoms of this condition are intense lumbar pain, frequent painful urination with cramps and an admixture of blood, blanching of the skin, low blood pressure, cold sweat and dizziness appear during the transition to a state of shock.
Reasons
The most common objective causes of renal colic are chronic or acute diseases of the urinary tract:
- Urolithiasis. It develops against the background of prolonged exposure to food allergens or a total disruption of metabolic processes. The main signs of renal colic: the accumulation of s alts and alkalis in the upper urinary system and gradual crystallization until the appearance of neoplasms.
- Renal failure. It can be hereditary (in case of genetic defects, anomalies in the structure of the organ) or acquired (occurs as a complication after surgery, trauma, some diseases of the excretory system).
- Pyelonephritis. Inflammatory disease of the kidneys and adrenal glands is a provocateur of the appearance of colic, problems with urination, imbalance of systems.
- Enteroviruses. Another reasonrenal colic. Immunological agents can disrupt the functioning of internal organs: kidneys, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines. Complications of a viral attack: renal colic, persistent violation of bowel movements, the appearance of acne or red dotted rashes like urticaria, problems with digestion of food, and so on.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of renal colic include:
- Pain in the lower back. Attacks of pain syndrome occur unexpectedly and may not pass for several minutes or even hours.
- Chills, fever. High or elevated body temperature can be the first signs of not only renal colic, but also many other inflammatory diseases. The main difference between this phenomenon is the complete absence of catarrhal symptoms (colds, viral) and a sharp jump, without objective grounds (hypothermia, eating new or stale foods).
- Violation of the process of urination. When emptying the bladder, there is an unpleasant sensation in the lower abdomen, pain may occur sharply.
- Changing the color of urine. One of the main signs of renal colic. In most cases, urine changes color and becomes dark yellow, dark brown, very pungent in smell with the presence of impurities (sand, even blood). In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor.
- Nausea, vomiting. If kidney problems were the result of a metabolic disorder other thanThe standard signs of inflammation in the patient are nausea and even vomiting. These signs are not typical, but are considered in the general history as likely symptoms of not only kidney problems, but also congestion of the liver, gallbladder.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of renal colic begins with the collection of anamnestic data. The main tool for this is the survey. The doctor is trying to determine the presence of:
- Objective symptoms of the disease - fever, changes in the process of urination, the appearance of pain, the presence or absence of nausea / vomiting.
- Subjective or "possible" causes of kidney problems - allergic reactions, diet, heredity, previous kidney pathologies.
After the final confirmation of the diagnosis, the nephrologist examines the structure of the organ by performing an ultrasound examination. Usually, in cases of inflammatory diseases, the monitor displays the presence of impurities, cloudy spots and other bodies indicating the onset of the disease.
Laboratory tests of blood and urine
The results of laboratory tests of urine and blood are grounds for hospitalization or retention in outpatient treatment. The list of necessary diagnostic methods includes:
- general tests for renal colic;
- examination of urinary sediment;
- bacteriological culture;
- specialized sample for the presence of s alts: phosphates, urates, oxalates, calcium s alts and so on;
- blood test for allergens;
- blood chemistry test - ALAT and ASAT levels are examined to detect digestive problems.
Medications
The main task of drug treatment of symptoms of renal colic, firstly, is to relieve acute pain and, secondly, to normalize urination. In this case, apply:
- Anspasmodic drugs ("Spazmalgon", "No-shpa", "Baralgin", etc.) in the form of intramuscular or intravenous injections.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have analgesic and analgesic effects (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketorol).
- anticholinergics ("Atropine" and others);
- a group of antidiuretics - pills for renal colic, which help to reduce urination.
The above drug groups are shown only when renal colic is accurately diagnosed, since its symptoms are similar to those of appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy.
If acute manifestations are not relieved by antispasmodics and painkillers for renal colic, there is an increase in temperature, there are symptoms of intoxication, hematuria - the patient is subject to hospitalization to establish a final diagnosis. In addition to all of the above,It should be noted that in case of manifestations of renal colic, it is strictly forbidden to use diuretics (or diuretics), which can provoke the release of stones from the kidney and, as a result, increase the pain shock.
Therapeutic therapy, in addition to painkillers, for renal colic includes both a drinking regimen agreed with the doctor and a specially designed diet that excludes certain foods, provides fasting days. All this will help reduce pain and the gradual release of fine sand from the kidneys.
Folk methods
You can relieve the symptoms of renal colic by using folk remedies that have an analgesic effect. These include:
- Pumpkin seeds. An effective way when the disease suddenly appeared, and what to do with renal colic is unknown. They will become one of the best folk treatments for renal colic. A decoction of pumpkin seeds is prepared as follows: 150 grams of unpeeled pumpkin seeds are poured with boiling water and boiled for about an hour. Then the broth is insisted for about two hours and filtered through gauze. You can add honey. The decoction should be taken on an empty stomach.
- Watermelon. The patient needs to eat watermelon while in a bath of warm water.
- Decoction of celandine. Three tablespoons of this herb is brewed with a glass of boiling water. After it cools down, drink the decoction in the morning and evening before meals.
- Carrot seeds. A teaspoon of seeds is brewed with a glass of boiling water. The prepared mixture is infused for 11 hours, then filtered. Take half a glass 5 times a day before meals.
- Tea fromapple peel. To make tea from the peel of an apple, you need to peel the fruit by cutting off the peel. Next, the peel is crushed and poured with boiling water. The decoction is insisted for two hours. Drink throughout the day.
- Clay. Pottery clay is best. Apple cider vinegar is added to the clay, the resulting mass is thoroughly mixed. The mass is wrapped in cloth, then applied to the sore spot.
What to do with renal colic to reduce pain?
Every person can develop a disease that is not so easy to cure. Here is the same disease and is renal colic. At this moment, the main thing is to quickly relieve the pain and do everything so that it never comes back. There are a lot of ways and now everything will be told about them.
You can find out what exactly the kidneys hurt by the signs that appear when urinating. Stones can be large or small. Usually, small ones are gradually eliminated from the body without the help of a doctor, but large ones can only be de alt with with the help of an operation. As soon as a person feels pain, you should immediately call an ambulance. Doctors usually take a patient with renal colic to do a full examination and prescribe the right treatment.
In order to relieve pain, you need to drink as much water as possible. In addition, do not forget to attach a warm heating pad to the lower back or wrap it with a shawl. You can also take a bath at 37-39 degrees, sit there for fifteen minutes.
If the pain is unbearable, then you can give the patient a painkiller pill. If at handthere are no pills or medicines, then you can find a Nitroglycerin tablet in the medicine cabinet and put it under your tongue. In no case should you take a lot of medicines, because they can cause an unpredictable reaction.
Also, don't keep the heating pad on your lower back for too long. The introduction of various drugs by doctors will be carried out until there is an improvement in the patient's condition.
When is hospitalization needed?
Renal colic is a serious complication that occurs with a chronic disease of the urinary tract and the kidneys themselves. A patient with a diagnosis of renal colic must be urgently hospitalized if the intensity and duration of the pain syndrome is high. Such a manifestation of the disease indicates, first of all, an acute failure in the work of internal systems and other global he alth problems.
First aid
Before the arrival of ambulance doctors, relatives and friends of the patient should provide competent first aid for renal colic. It consists in observing the following rules:
- Seat the patient in a comfortable position.
- Put a soft roller under your back.
- Track blood pressure, pulse and temperature.
- Establish the exact location of pain.
- Collect urine for general analysis. Give an antispasmodic drug or painkiller - Analgin, Citramon, No-shpu, Spazmalgon, Ketanov, Next.
- In casesevere spasms and dizziness - give a glass of cold water, cover with a blanket and ventilate the room.
Diet
Diet is another way to relieve renal colic. True, this method is slow and more suitable for the prevention of the disease. The diet should be varied, meals should be organized in parts. Eat four to six small meals at 4-hour intervals to prevent stress on the digestive system. You need to eat in sufficient quantities so that after taking it there is no feeling of hunger. Treatment table number 10 is more often prescribed. The diet helps to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system of the body, the functioning of the liver and kidneys, and restores metabolic processes. Based on several factors:
- Reduce fats and carbohydrates in the diet.
- Limit s alt intake.
- Remove fried foods from your diet.
- Use meat and fish only after cooking.
- Limit consumption of fresh bread, homemade cakes, pea soup, broths, concoction sauces.
- Fatty meat is banned.
- It is not recommended to eat smoked meats, sausages, canned meat and fish, caviar.
- Remove cheese from the diet: both s alty and fatty, do not eat fried and boiled eggs.
- It is harmful to eat pickled, pickled and s alted vegetables.
- You should not eat all kinds of legumes, spinach, sorrel, radish, radish, any mushrooms, horseradish, garlic, pepper, onion, mustard.
- Exclude chocolate, cocoa and coffee, vegetables and fruitscoarse fiber.
Having got rid of an attack of renal colic, you need to see a doctor, pass the necessary tests and undergo procedures. After receiving the results of the survey, make an acceptable diet for yourself.
Prevention
Preventive measures to keep your kidneys functioning properly fall into three categories:
Specific nutritional advice:
- Eating enough vitamins A, D - a huge amount is concentrated in carrots, red fish, egg yolk, sour milk and dairy products, sunflower oil.
- Eat an age-appropriate diet and get enough calcium.
- Drink at least 2 liters of water a day.
Essential physical activity:
- More walking and sunbathing should be done.
- Do general strengthening exercises and exercise therapy.
- If possible, lead an active lifestyle and attend a sports section.
Contraindications
There are also some precautions:
- We should eat less cheese, coffee, chocolate, sorrel and lettuce.
- Avoid allergens.
- Be less exposed to hypothermia, being in drafts.
- Avoid strenuous exercise. They provoke pain in renal colic.
- Gynecological examination on time,urologist, gastroenterologist, nephrologist. Especially if there is a history of chronic metabolic diseases, genitourinary, excretory system, polyvalent food allergies.
