Caring and attentive mothers always monitor the he alth of their child. For parents, the most important thing is that their baby is he althy. Important indicators for assessing the work of the cardiovascular system are pulse and blood pressure. These values are different at different ages. Moms need to know the distinguishing features and norms.
Features of child pressure
Children's body grows, blood pressure changes on the walls of blood vessels. In babies, they are very elastic, the lumen is wider, and therefore blood pressure is lower. With age, the vessels lengthen, the child grows, and the blood flow decreases. The lumen of the vessels narrows, and blood pressure rises.
HELL of boys after five years is slightly higher than that of their girlfriends of the same age. The pressure in children of 10 years old (norm) is close to the readings of an adult, as the child is approaching the puberty period of his development.
Factors affecting blood pressure in children
Children at the age of 10 tend to be very mobile and emotional. There are many factors that affect a child's blood pressure. Among them can be listedthe following:
1. Weight and height.
2. Work of the heart.
3. Condition of blood vessels and arteries.
4. Physical and mental stress (the fatigue of the child will be very reflected).
5. Emotional condition. We know that children at this age are impressionable and vulnerable.
6. Diseases of the child. The presence of various pathologies.
7. Environment. Children in the northern regions have lower rates than those in the southern part of the country.
8. Hereditary factor.
All these components are interconnected. Food intake and the time of day when the pressure is measured will also affect the performance.
What is normal blood pressure for 10 year olds?
There is a formula by which you can calculate the pressure of a particular child yourself. The pressure in children 10 years old (normal) is the maximum systolic up to 120 mm. rt. Art. and up to 70 mm Hg. Art. - diastolic.
Systolic is calculated as follows: 90 + age times two. So, for a ten-year-old child, it will be 90 + 102=110. Diastolic: 60 + age, so 60+10=70. The optimal pressure of a child of 10 years old is the norm - 110/70. Deviations from these indicators by 10-20 units are acceptable, taking into account the factors affecting the baby. Of course, you can not ignore the pulse. You need to pay attention to its rhythm, tension. For a 10-year-old child, this is 75-80 beats per minute.
How to properly measure the pressure of a child
To measure theseindicators are widely used electronic tonometers. They are simple and easy to use at home. When pressure is measured in children 10 years old, the norm should be about 110-120 mm. rt. Art. by 70 mm. rt. Art. These figures may have upward deviations if the child was actively moving before the measurement.
To correctly measure the pressure, you need to follow a few rules:
- It must be measured in a calm state. It is forbidden to move and talk at this moment.
- You need to use a special cuff for children. Its width should not exceed 2/3 of the shoulder length.
- If measurements are taken at intervals, then it must be measured in one position, sitting or lying down.
Blood pressure is recommended to be measured in the morning or after the child has rested for at least 15 minutes. Place your hand at heart level, palm up. The cuff is put on a bare arm 2-3 cm above the elbow. The hand should not be squeezed by clothing. The cuff does not need to be tightened, there should be space for one finger between it and the arm. The best option for a child is to measure blood pressure 3 times with the same time interval in one position in order to see the full picture of the changes. The lowest reading will be considered more accurate.
Deviations from the norm
If a child has he alth problems, then it is imperative to monitor blood pressure. When blood pressure is below normal, metabolism is disturbed, tissues are poorly enriched with oxygen. There may be a malfunction in the internalorgans: liver, kidneys, heart, the endocrine system suffers. If the pressure is higher than normal, ruptures of blood vessels and even hemorrhage can occur, but, fortunately, this happens very rarely in children. If the pressure in a 10-year-old child is normal, the pulse also corresponds to age, then everything is in order with he alth. With deviations from normal values to a smaller or larger side, diseases such as hypertension or hypotension can already be suspected. It is from the age of ten that a doctor can diagnose these diseases.
Hypertension and its symptoms
In childhood, hypertension is of two types: primary and secondary. Primary is a temporary increase in pressure associated with physical or emotional stress. This increase is not permanent. We can observe it in quite he althy children.
Secondary hypertension, or arterial, is a stable increase in pressure over time. It is associated with the presence of certain pathologies in the body:
- Kidney disease.
- Problems in the endocrine system.
- Most often, hypertension is observed in overweight children prone to obesity.
Increase in pressure in the body, even for a short time, leads to undesirable changes in the functioning of organs. First of all, it affects the work of the heart and blood vessels. The vessels narrow, their walls thicken, thereby not providing a full flow of blood to the organs. The heart muscle is poorly supplied, works hard, which means that its densityincreases. As a result, the walls of the arteries thicken, tissue nutrition worsens, which weakens the body as a whole.
Children usually don't feel any symptoms of high blood pressure, but low levels do not.
Hypotension and its symptoms
If the pressure in children of 10 years old is normal, the pulse is normal, then your child is quite he althy. In the case when the indicators are significantly reduced, then we can already talk about hypotension. This can be observed after a long illness or great emotional stress.
Symptoms indicating low blood pressure:
- General weakness is typical.
- Fatigue.
- Headache.
- Difficulty waking up in the morning.
- Excessive sweating during exercise.
First of all, such a child needs to examine the heart and blood vessels.
Treatment and prevention
How to treat hypertension or hypotension in children? First, you need to conduct a thorough examination to identify diseases that provoked an increase or decrease in pressure. In no case should you self-medicate. All drugs must be prescribed by a specialist.
Proper nutrition and a he althy lifestyle play an important role in the prevention of hypertension. Watch your diet carefully: dishes should not contain a lot of s alt and fat. Sitting at the computer, as it is now fashionable, should be minimized, move more and exercise. All this, combined withProper nutrition will give positive dynamics. If blood pressure is measured within a few days, and the indicators are 120 to 70, then we can say that the pressure in children of 10 years old is the norm. So your efforts were not in vain.
For the prevention of hypotension, in the first place we put physical exercises with gradually increasing loads and, of course, a full and he althy diet. Hardening has a very good effect on such children.
The child should take drugs under the supervision of the parents. Adults themselves should be an example for their child. If necessary, then reconsider eating habits, put an end to a sedentary lifestyle. By doing this, you will help your child cope with his illness. The pressure of a 10-year-old child plays a big role in his subsequent development and the formation of a maturing organism.
