In our body, nature has honed its skills - all organs and systems have their purpose, and there is nothing superfluous in it. And even the papillary lines on the fingertips reflect the characteristics of a person, according to which an attentive specialist may well draw conclusions about some of the characteristics of a person. Is it really? How are papillary lines on the fingers formed and what are they? What patterns do they form and what does that mean? We will answer these and other questions in this article.
Start
Many believe that a baby is born without a pattern of papillary lines. This is not true. The laying of these structures begins in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and coincides with the beginning of the formation of the nervous system. That is why their pattern, at least, can speak about the type of human nervous system, and therefore about his temperament.
According to the measuregrowing up, the pattern of papillary lines does not change, but they deepen and grow with our body. This drawing is a kind of human code, which is given to him genetically.
Surprisingly, there are people who don't have these lines. Adermatoglyphia is the name of a hereditary pathology that leads to the absolute absence of fingerprints. There are only four known families in the world with this hereditary disease, which is caused by a mutation in just one gene.
Not only to hold on tight in the minibus
There is no definite answer to the question why we need these lines today. One of the versions is that the grooves on the fingers increase the grip on the surface. Indeed, the laws of physics tell us that rough surfaces have a large area of contact.
Another version - they increase the sensitivity to surface properties. Namely, to vibration and movement, for which the Messner and Pacini receptors are responsible, respectively. Recent scientific experiments have proven that the grooves, when touched, begin to vibrate and transform irregularities into acoustic disturbances, which are perceived by the receptors.
However, knowledge about the fingers "on the fingers" has not yet reached science. The mysteries of Messner's receptors and Pacini's bodies are still waiting for someone to reveal their secrets.
Genetic code at your fingertips
To understand the importance of papillary lines, let's get acquainted with their general properties:
- This pattern is individual. Even identical twins have detailspapillary lines are different and form different patterns.
- And these patterns are stable and do not change throughout a person's life, although their individual details may intensify.
- At any touch of any solid object, a clear imprint remains - a trace of human papillary lines.
- The lines on the fingertips are restored even after serious injuries and burns, the possibilities of their regeneration are enormous.
It is these properties and signs of papillary lines that provide information to fingerprinters and palmists. And even official medicine already recognizes these features and uses them in the diagnosis of pathologies.
What is this?
Papillary lines are skin scallops or thickening of the epidermis, its upper layer. These lines are based on the papillae (lat. papilla) of the deep layer of the skin - the dermis. The papillae protruding into the epidermis consist of fibroblasts - connective tissue cells. They form ridges rising up to 0.15 micrometers, separated by grooves up to 0.5 micrometers wide.
At the top of each papillary line are two rows of papillae, which are separated by openings of the sweat and sebaceous glands. In addition, the papillary dermis contains nerve endings and receptors, blood and lymphatic vessels.
Intricate pattern
The ridges of the papillary dermis form very clear patterns of various shapes and degrees of complexity on the fingertips, palms and feet. But all lines are divided into two groups:
- The lines of the central pattern are the pattern in the center of the finger.
- Frame lines - lines surrounding the central pattern. They start at the edge of the flesh of the finger and form a bundle that approaches the lines of the central pattern and goes around it from above (outer flow) and from below (basic flow).
The confluence of these three papillary line streams is called delta.
Types of skin finger patterns
All varieties of skin patterns are divided into two groups for ease of classification.
"P" - loop patterns. This group includes arcs, loops and simple compound loop patterns (connecting arcs and loops)
Arcs are formed by lines that start at one edge of the pad and go to the other, while they do not form deltas. The arc pattern of papillary lines makes up only 5% of all patterns, although this is the simplest pattern.
A loop is a pattern that is formed by lines that start on one side of the fingertip, rise to the middle of the pattern and, descending, end on the same side of the finger. If the upper part of the loop (head) is facing the little finger, then the loop is called ulnar (up to 60% of all patterns), and if it is towards the thumb - radial (5% of patterns).
"K" - circles or balls. These patterns are formed by papillary lines, which have a circle, oval or spiral pattern in the center. They have two or three deltas, are simple and compound. Make up to 30% of all patterns on the fingertips
The pattern tells about the character
It is impossible to list all variants of patterns on the fingers. Butattempts at systematization have been made since ancient times. It was from there that palmistry came to us - a system of divination about the fate of a person along the lines on the palms and fingertips. And the first palmist was Aristotle, who presented his work on this subject to the greatest commander Alexander the Great in 350 BC.
And although even today palmistry is considered pseudoscience and is rejected by scientific psychology, it has brought into our lives the possibility of more effective detection of crimes.
Dermatoglyphics - the mother of fingerprinting
The father of dermatoglyphics, the science of the patterns of "fate" on the fingers, is considered to be Charles Darwin's brother Francis G alton, who first wrote about these lines and patterns of patterns in 1892. Modern dermatoglyphics - the science of papillary patterns on the hands and feet of a person - has a large toolkit, which includes papillary markers of some multifactorial gene diseases, ethnodiagnostic markers and markers of intellectual decline.
As proof of the seriousness of this scientific trend, we cite the fact that in 2013 a brochure of the Federal Scientific Center for Physical Culture and Sports of the Russian Federation was published under a title that speaks for itself - “Using finger dermatoglyphics for predictive assessment of physical abilities in practice selection and training of athletes.”
The father of fingerprinting, as a way to identify a person by his fingerprints, was William Herschel. In 1877 he was the first to put forward the hypothesis of individuality.papillary pattern. Modern fingerprinting has already reached the level where fingerprints determine the sex and height of a person. Handwriting analysis, photographs and video materials, a verbal portrait and even DNA analysis can fail, but the fingerprint card remains the most reliable portrait of a criminal today.
But not only in criminalistics the principles of fingerprinting are used. We are no longer surprised by the iPhone, which recognizes its owner by fingerprint and the safe, which will be opened exclusively by the owner. And ahead of us are shopping in a supermarket and an employer who will ask you to show fingerprints instead of a work book.
Papillary lines and character
And yet, given the conjugation of the formation of a pattern on the fingers and the development of the nervous system in the fetus, we can draw some conclusions about the character of a person.
The beginning of the lines that form patterns, which is directed to the inside of the palm, says that the person is more of an introvert and tends to be alone. And the beginning of the lines, pointing to the little finger, indicates the extroversion of a person.
A radial loop on the thumb speaks of a stormy and strong temperament, and the same loop on the ring finger indicates that a person has some kind of special talent. But the owners of curls and spirals on the thumbs are sensual and passionate personalities.
And although each finger, according to palmistry, speaks of one of the sides of the personality, and there are many options for patterns, nevertheless, in every book stall you can buy a book thatpromises to make you a professional determinant of the fate of people.
Believe it or not - this choice is made by everyone for himself.
Some interesting facts
And, summing up, we will give food for thought for the reader.
- Fingerprints of the right and left hands are completely different from each other.
- It is impossible to remove the papillary pattern on the fingers. Among the criminal elements, such attempts were made, but the pattern was invariably restored. The only exception is a very deep lesion of the inner layer of the skin of the dermis. But even in this case, a purely individual pattern is formed. True, no longer from grooves, but from scars.
- Besides fingerprints, human tongue prints are also unique.
- Modern forensics uses the classification of fingerprints, which was laid down in 1893 by the chief of police in Bengal (UK), Sir Edward R. Henry.
- In none of the stories about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle mentions the principles of fingerprint diagnostics. Which looks very strange - after all, Holmes and Watson met in 1881, and Conan Doyle himself practiced forensic medicine in Edinburgh.
