Such a complex sense as vision has a peculiar structure. The eye consists of the vitreous body, aqueous humor and lens. And where this organ is stored, we will consider further.
Anatomy of the eye
The bone sphere in the eye socket is a paired part of the skull that contains the organ of vision - the eye. The cavity of the orbit forms a model of a broken pyramid with its four walls. The anatomy of the orbit contains the eyeball with the circulatory system, nerve endings, fatty layer and lacrimal gland. From the front, the orbit has a large opening, which is the basis of an irregular pyramid, limited by the bone of the orbital margin.
The structure of the eye socket has the widest entrance, gradually narrowing towards the center. There are also axes that run along and across one of the eye sockets. Their optic nerves join in the middle of the eye. The walls of the orbit border on the nasal cavity. And the bones that form the eye socket are connected to the front of the forehead. Along the edges, they are adjacent to the temporal fossa.
The structure of the eye socket looks like a square with rounded edges. The supraorbital nerve extends over the orbital cavity, connecting the frontal bone and the process of the cheekbone. From the inside, the entrance to the opening of the skull is closed by the medial edge,formed by the frontal bone of the nose and the skeleton of the upper jaw. At the bottom of the path, the infraorbital nerve passes into the orbit, connecting with the upper jaw and zygomatic part. The lateral edge of the structure of the orbit is framed by the zygomatic part.
Full eye socket look
The facial skull consists of a series of holes. One of which is the eye socket. Its walls are very fragile.
Top of wall
It consists of the orbital plane of the frontal bone and a small section of the sphenoid bone. This bone separates the walls of the orbit from the intracranial fossa and the brain of the head. And from the outside, the upper wall borders on the temporal cavity.
Bottom wall
It connects to the front of the upper jaw. Also, this wall borders on the zygomatic bone. The lower wall is above the maxillary sinus, which should be known for medical purposes.
Mesial wall
It connects to the upper jaw and to the ethmoid insert. The medial wall is very thin. It has openings for the passage of nerve endings and blood vessels. This factor explains the occurrence of pathological processes through this lattice to the eye and back.
Lateral wall
It is formed from the orbital cavity of the sphenoid bone and part of the cheekbones of the skull, as well as the frontal bone. The lateral wall separates the edges of the eye from the temporal part.
In the hole for the eye itself, there are many slots and passages through which the eye socket is connected to other formations of the facial skull:
1. optic canal of nerve ending;
2. inferior lacrimalgap;
3. upper slit of the eye;
4. zygomatic opening;
5. nasolacrimal passage;
6. lattice cells.
The structure of the eye socket will give us a detailed answer to all questions of interest about the location of the eye.
Inside the orbit, along the edges of the lateral and upper walls, there is a gap, which is closed on one side by the sphenoid bone, and on the other by its wing. It unites the orbital foramen with the median fossa of the facial skull. The motor nerves of the eye pass through the superior orbital entrance. The collection of such important nerve endings in the margins of the orbital entrance explains the formation of such symptoms, in which it is possible to damage a he althy area with the “orbital fissure” syndrome.
The medial wall consists of the lacrimal cavity of the skull, ethmoid cells and part of the skull of the sphenoid bone. The lacrimal duct passes in front, which follows into the lacrimal sac. There is a hole in it, which rests against the nasolacrimal outlet.
Two slits pass from above the medial wall. The first is the ethmoid entrance, located at the initial edge of the frontal suture, and the second gap runs along the last edge of the frontal sulcus. The anatomy of the eye socket appears to be a very difficult choice of viewing angles. To fully examine the facial skull from the inside will help us to cut it along and across.
The structure of the eye socket
1. The zygomatic segment of the forehead bone.
2. The wide part of the sphenoid bone.
3. The cavity of the zygomatic surface.
4. Frontal process.
5. Primary ophthalmicexit.
6. Zygomatic-facial plexus.
7. Part of the cheekbones of the skull.
8. Infraorbital path.
9. Part of the upper jaw.
10. Orbital fissure.
11. Nasal passage.
12. Palatal segment of the skull.
13. Part of the tear trough.
14. Orbital band of the ethmoid link.
15. Lacrimal duct along the skull.
16. Rear teary fob.
17. Maxillary frontal segment.
18. First lattice window.
19. Last lattice window.
20. Supraorbital fissure.
21. Visual passage.
22. Small wing of the sphenoid surface of the skull.
23. Orbital foramen from above.
In normal adults, the volume of the sphere of the orbit is approximately 30 ml, the eye is 6.5 ml.
Anatomy of the eye socket
The sphere of the orbit of the orbit is two depressions in the form of a pyramid, which have a base, four walls and an apex. The base, which is located inside the skull, is formed by four corners. The bones that form the orbit connect to the extreme angle of the frontal bone, and the angle below connects to the maxillary bone. The medial margin borders the frontal, lacrimal, and maxillary bones. The lateral angle joins with the jaw.
The apex of the orbit passes at the medial angle of the orbital foramen from above and smoothly passes into the canal of the nerve ending of the eye.
Combining the orbital foramen with the skull
At the top of the orbit there is an impressive opening along whichpass through the optic canal and the artery of the eye. In the anterior protrusions of the medial edge there is a fossa of the lacrimal sac, which continues with the nasolacrimal canal, passing into the nasal cavity.
The orbital entrance below passes through the lateral and inferior margin of the orbit. Then he goes into the palatine pterygoid and temporal fossa. Along it passes the lower vein of the eye, which flows into the upper artery. It connects to the venous plexus and passes through the nerves and artery below the orbit.
Through the upper hole, which goes to the middle cranial fossa, the oculomotor nerve plexuses, as well as the trigeminal nerve, enter. Immediately flows the upper vein of the eye, which is the main collector of the veins of the eyeball.
Orbit sphere structure
The sphere contains an eyeball with its processes, a communication apparatus with the facial skull, blood vessels, nerve plexuses, muscles and lacrimal glands, surrounded by a fatty layer at the edges. Anteriorly, the sphere of the orbit is limited by the orbital fascia, which intertwines into the cartilage of the eyelids. It fuses with the periosteum at the corners of the sphere. The lacrimal sac runs anterior to the orbital fascia and lies outside the cavity of the orbital structure. This is what the anatomy of the eye socket looks like in the facial section.
Medicine Significance
At the site of the plexus of the neurovascular endings of the orbital fissure, in the event of various pathological processes in this area, the “superior orbital fissure” syndrome may occur. With such a disease, drooping of the upper eyelid may appear. Also, with this syndrome, complete immobility of the eye may appear, the pupil gradually expands.
At the site of the pathology, a sensitivity disorder is observed, and at the distribution site of the trigeminal plexus, numbness of the nerve endings and dilation of the veins of the initial part of the eye may occur. Considering all sorts of difficulties that follow after treatment or after an operation, it is first necessary to consult several doctors at once: a neuropathologist, an ophthalmologist, an endocrinologist, a therapist. It is necessary to pass all the mandatory tests, conduct diagnostics, tonometry, biomicroscopy. Then it is already possible to carry out medical intervention.
