Hemorrhoidal disease is a common pathology, which is most often provoked by weakness of the venous walls. Circumstances such as sedentary work, hard physical labor, malnutrition are ways to provoke the formation of hemorrhoids. They, in turn, grow over time, which often causes thrombosis, anemia, and bleeding. Many patients require surgery to remove nodes that can cause hemorrhoid complications.
List of the most common aggravations
It is worth noting that the sooner you start therapy, the more likely you are to avoid problems in the future. Almost all patients of the proctologist do not attach much importance to the development of hemorrhoidal disease. Such an approach to one's own he alth is unacceptable: already at the first signs of hemorrhoids (itching and burning in the anus after defecation), you should consult a doctor. An experienced proctologist will assess the size and density of the nodes and prescribe the most effective treatment.
Here is a list of complications of hemorrhoids, the treatment of which should be carried out strictly inhospital:
- rectal fissures;
- rectal bleeding;
- thrombosis of hemorrhoidal veins;
- necrosis and infringement of prolapsed hemorrhoids;
- anemia condition.
The most dangerous of this list is bleeding. If it starts during sleep, the patient may lose a lot of blood. As a result, many concomitant diseases develop, and in some cases even death is possible. Do not underestimate such conditions as anemia, necrosis of nodes and rectal fissures - all of them in one way or another contribute to the deterioration of the composition and indicators of blood density. As a result, the patient feels constant weakness, chronic diseases develop, blood and mucus are regularly released during the act of defecation. The sooner the patient decides to undergo surgery to remove hemorrhoids, the less likely he is to have complications of hemorrhoids in the future.
The state of anemia and its consequences for the body
Anemia is a pathology of the blood composition associated with a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in the number of red cells. One of the causes of anemia is bloody discharge during bowel movements, which, as the disease progresses, becomes more abundant each time.
In the second and third stages of hemorrhoidal disease, a small amount of blood is constantly excreted during bowel movements. The patient often underestimates this condition. And for the body, small, but regular bleeding is more than dangerous. Not only anemia develops, but also a deficiency of manyother vital vitamins and minerals. For the treatment of iron deficiency and cobalamin anemia, special preparations are prescribed - "M altofer", "Cyanocobalamin" and others. But if the body continues to experience regular blood loss (complications after hemorrhoids), any treatment will not make sense.
Anemia is a common hemorrhoidal disease that almost all patients underestimate. Anemia is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- weakness, asthenia;
- loss of consciousness, fainting;
- pallor of the skin;
- tinnitus;
- development of vegetovascular dystonia;
- increased anxiety;
- arrhythmia, tachycardia and the development of heart disease;
- low temperature;
- cold clammy sweat.
Possibility of rectal fissures
Violation of the elasticity of the tissues of the rectal mucosa with hemorrhoids leads to trauma to the rectum or skin in the preanal region. The thinned mucosa easily cracks as stool passes through a bowel movement.
The danger of the condition lies in the fact that suitable conditions are created in the cracks for the development of pathogenic microflora. Pathogenic bacteria from the feces enter the wounds, causing extensive inflammation with the possibility of suppuration.
Symptoms of having a similar complication of hemorrhoids:
- profuse discharge of blood with pus after defecation;
- sharp, unbearable pain in the anus when trying to change position after a longseats;
- increased sphincter tone even with little physical exertion;
- discharge of mucus with ichor after defecation.
The larger the crack, the more ichor and pus can be released after a bowel movement. You should not try to stop this condition on your own, it is better to contact a proctologist.
Hemorrhoidal vein thrombosis
Thrombosis is one of the most serious complications of hemorrhoids in men or women. It develops both after surgery and simply when the disease passes into a terminal state. Thrombosis is typical for hemorrhoidal veins that have become inflamed inside the rectum, as well as in nodes that have already fallen out.
The main symptom of hemorrhoidal vein thrombosis is very sharp pain, often unbearable for the patient. Pain in the anus appears not only when trying to empty the intestines, but even at rest. This is a very alarming symptom: if thrombosis begins to bleed, you will have to go to an ambulance. Therefore, treatment should be started already in the first stages of hemorrhoidal disease.
Possibility of internal bleeding
The most alarming symptom that indicates bleeding from the rectum is trickles of blood. If, with other complications of hemorrhoids, it simply oozes, then an increase in flow is a clear sign of bleeding.
Dilated vessels of the rectum are able to bleed at the slightest strain or strain. And if in the early stages of the diseasethere are only slight traces of blood on the toilet paper, then running hemorrhoids can lead to heavy bleeding. Attempts to stop blood loss at home may not be successful. If the bleeding does not stop, an ambulance should be called.
Necrosis and strangulation of dropped nodes
At the third stage of the disease, the patient is no longer able to set the protruding nodes on his own. In this case, their infringement and subsequent necrosis often develop. This condition is dangerous, first of all, because the death of a fallen node can provoke severe bleeding that cannot be stopped at home.
Node necrosis can be complete or partial. In the first case, the entire node dies completely. In the second - part of it, which is even worse. Necrosis most often brings the patient to the operating table. Proctologists most often practice the usual clipping of necrotic nodes with a scalpel. There is no point in using minimally invasive therapy techniques: after all, the node is not filled with blood.
Surgical removal of prolapsed nodes
In proctology, this procedure is called the Milligan-Morgan operation. Depending on the stage, there are some more types of surgery: hemorrhoidopexy, hemorrhoidectomy.
The patient must appear on an empty stomach, a few days before the operation, you can not eat fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. Before surgery, patients are not recommended to smoke. Carry out an enema and, if necessary, localanesthesia.
The operation is carried out either in a closed way or in an open way. The first method uses high-quality local anesthesia and complete instant excision of the nodes. When closed, general anesthesia is most often needed, since the rectum is partially dissected and already inside all the nodes are cut out along with the accumulated contents - pus and ichor.
Accordingly, complications after surgery for closed hemorrhoids can be more serious. Even if we do not take into account the possible inflammation of the walls of the mucosa and excised veins, then the sutures applied to the area of the rectum are already a serious reason for a rather long postoperative period.
Complications after hemorrhoid surgery
The following he alth problems are possible after surgery:
- the appearance of new nodes, which, as a rule, are almost guaranteed to thrombose:
- bleeding;
- appearance of rectal polyps and neoplasms.
To exclude such an outcome, you should follow the rules of conduct after the operation. Monitor nutrition, exclude physical activity, adhere to bed rest for the first days.
Minimally invasive hemorrhoid therapy
In addition to hemorrhoid surgery, complications after which are quite frequent, there are modern minimally invasive treatment techniques. They are usually carried out in paid clinics. However, more and more public hospitals are purchasing the necessary equipment and offering similar methods to their patients.treatment.
Minimally invasive techniques for treating hemorrhoidal disease include:
- sclerotherapy;
- desarterization;
- cryolysis;
- laser coagulation;
- latex ligation.
Complications after minimally invasive treatment
Minimally invasive techniques are much less traumatic for hemorrhoids. The operation and complications after it, as a rule, are much more difficult for patients to tolerate. Therefore, if it is possible to prefer a minimally invasive intervention, then it is better to abandon the standard excision of the nodes.
Complications after removal of hemorrhoids with latex rings or sclerotherapy methods is the re-formation of nodes. Of course, you can repeat the procedure to remove them again. The only way to avoid a recurrence of the disease is to follow preventive rules. Proper nutrition, the complete exclusion of alcoholic beverages from the diet, the use of therapeutic ointments, moderate exercise is the best way to avoid the appearance of new knots.
Proper nutrition after hemorrhoid removal
Complications almost always occur against the background of chronic constipation. To avoid them, you should include the following foods in your diet on an ongoing basis:
- fresh fruits and berries;
- fresh and boiled vegetables;
- whole grain bread;
- boiled beetroot salad;
- prunes are the best natural laxative;
- fermented milk products.
Fast food, fatty and fried foods should be abandoned. The operation to remove hemorrhoids, after which complications are quite frequent, is a real blow to the body. Therefore, you should adhere to proper nutrition for at least a few months after it.
Physical activity after the procedure to remove nodes
Physical education is a sore point for all patients of the proctologist. Even minor weights can affect the condition of the venous walls. At the same time, the patient himself can feel cheerfulness and vitality. It's just that one "beautiful day" he will again find a fallen hemorrhoid or blood on the toilet paper.
Therefore, proctologists recommend after surgery and even after minimally invasive interventions for a month to refuse to perform any exercises - especially weight lifting. Running, jumping, cycling is also highly undesirable. If the area of the rectum was stitched, the ban is extended for up to three months.
Advice from proctologists on caring for the operated site
Simple tips on how to avoid recurrence of the disease after surgery:
- do not go to the bathhouse and sauna;
- do not take hot baths;
- any procedure in the bathroom should be carried out almost entirely with cool or lukewarm water;
- should stop drinking alcohol;
- should take a course of blood thinners once a quarter.
Hot water and steam inevitably provoke varicose veins in the arearectum, and with it the possibility of inflammation. But cold water tones the anus area, contributing to the narrowing of the veins.
Using medicated ointments after surgery
The use of ointments almost always contributes to the rapid return of the patient's performance. The following remedies perfectly relieve pain, swelling and inflammation after the intervention and exclude the possibility of recurrence of hemorrhoids (subject to regular use). They should only be prescribed by a doctor:
- "Relief Advance".
- "Ultraproject".
- "Proctosedyl".
- Heparin ointment.
- "Troxevasin".
You can also use traditional medicine to prevent hemorrhoids - these are candles made from beeswax, potato juice, olive and sea buckthorn oils, fresh flower honey, shark or badger fat. These products can be applied topically or made into rectal suppositories.
