Why does my nose bleed? This is a common question. Let's look into it in more detail.
Among all patients who visit ENT doctors, about 10% complain of the occurrence of spontaneous sudden bleeding from the nose, and at the same time, most of them are hospitalized for emergency indications, most often in cases after injury.
Description of pathology
Nosebleed after mechanical impact does not require unnecessary explanation, since the cause of such a condition is obvious, but most often a certain concern is the occurrence of frequent bleeding from the nose, which has no apparent reason. Such phenomena can be short-term or long-term, insignificant or abundant, and occur in various age groups.
Bleeding from the nose can occur due to violations of the integrity of the vessels in the nasal cavity or in the presence of certain blood clotting disorders. In most cases, epistaxis begins from the vessels of the anterior parts of the nasal cavity, and those thatdevelop from the posterior sections, it is much more difficult to stop, which causes their high danger to the life of the patient, since, as a rule, larger vessels are located in the posterior sections of the nose, so the intensity of such bleeding is very high.
Why is my nose bleeding?
Most often, such phenomena occur due to a violation of the structure of the nasal mucosa in the so-called Kisselbach zone, which is located in the anterior part of the nasal septum. This area is about the size of a penny coin. The mucous membrane in this area is especially loose and thin, and it is abundantly saturated with blood vessels. It is in this area of the interweaving of vessels that even with the slightest damage, severe bleeding can occur.
Why does a child have a nosebleed - parents often ask.
The causes of frequent bleeding at any age can be cardiovascular diseases, kidney and liver diseases, rheumatism, various infectious diseases, such as syphilis or tuberculosis, various blood pathologies. The flow of blood in this case may be a meager discharge from the nose in the form of drops or streams, and the blood flows down the back wall of the nasopharynx. This phenomenon may be accompanied by symptoms of severe tachycardia, tinnitus, severe dizziness, weakness, low blood pressure.
Very often, nosebleeds are confused with bleeding from the esophagus, bronchi, lungs, trachea, stomach, etc. But blood from the nose has one distinctive feature - itclean and has a liquid consistency, without all kinds of clots and flakes. So why is the nose bleeding? More on that later.
Main causes of nosebleeds
External causes that can provoke nosebleeds in a he althy person are:
- Excessive dryness of the air - especially in childhood, the frequency of nosebleeds is increased when the air in the room is dry, which becomes especially important during the heating season. Such air provokes thinning and drying of the nasal mucosa, its adhesion to capillary vessels, due to which they quickly lose their elasticity and become very brittle.
- Overheating is one of the most common causes of nosebleeds in he althy people, such as sunstroke or heatstroke. Such bleeding due to overheating may be accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness, fainting, weakness. This may be the answer to the question why the child is bleeding from the nose.
- Differences in atmospheric pressure. At the same time, nosebleeds can occur in pilots or climbers, or in people who go down to depth, for example, divers, with strong changes in environmental pressure on the vascular system.
- Intoxication and poisoning of the body, which, for example, may be associated with professional activities. Exposure to a variety of vapors or toxic aerosols can cause nosebleeds. For example, with benzene intoxication, damage to the vascular walls occurs, whichcan even lead to bleeding gums and other adverse effects. In case of phosphorus poisoning, acute hepatitis may develop, which may be accompanied by hemorrhagic diathesis.
- Severe coughing or sneezing, when, when these phenomena occur, there is a sharp increase in pressure in the vessels of the head, which leads to their traumatization and ruptures. This is especially true of capillaries and weakened vessels of the nasal cavity, if sneezing is caused by acute respiratory diseases.
- Taking certain medications such as heparin, aspirin, and other blood thinners. They also include nasal vasoconstrictor nasal drops, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. Why is there blood coming from the nose? The reasons can be very different.
Nosebleeds from injuries
The most common cause of nosebleeds is considered to be injuries that people receive during traffic accidents or through industrial or household impacts, such as falls, which often lead to fracture of the cartilage of the nose. Such bleeding in most cases is accompanied by soreness of the tissues of the face, severe swelling of the site of damage, and in case of fractures of the facial bones or cartilage of the nose, such deformations can be easily visualized.
Besides this, trauma to the mucous membranes of the nose can occur during various surgical or diagnostic procedures, for example, during catheterization, probing or puncturessinuses.
This is why an adult's nose bleeds.
Nosebleeds in ENT diseases
With the development of diseases that locally affect the mucous membranes, in which their plethora and swelling are observed, for example, sinusitis, sinusitis, adenoids in children, nosebleeds can be considered normal. Chronic and allergic rhinitis are also factors that provoke the development of nosebleeds, especially if there is an uncontrolled use of certain hormonal or vasoconstrictive drugs that contribute to the thinning of the mucosa and its subsequent atrophy.
Why a person's nose bleeds should be determined by a doctor.
Bleeding due to deviated septum and other anomalies
As already mentioned, during the treatment of chronic rhinitis, as well as with atrophic rhinitis, dystrophic changes in the nasal mucosa can be observed, which causes bleeding. In addition, such factors are various anomalies in the development of blood vessels, for example, their local expansion, as well as significant violations of the integrity and regularity of the nasal septum. The superficial location of the arteries and veins of the nasal mucosa also contributes to the development of this phenomenon, since these vessels are most susceptible to mechanical trauma.
Another reason why nose bleeds often?
Polyps, tumors and adenoids in the nasal cavity
Frequent bleeding from the nosemay be the only sign of the occurrence of such pathological formations as benign or malignant neoplasms of the nasopharynx. These typically include adenoids, angiomas, polyps, specific granuloma, and nasal tumors.
Changes in the structure of the vascular walls
This phenomenon may be the result of disruption of the vessels and their increased permeability. Factors for this are:
- Hypovitaminosis, in particular vitamin C deficiency.
- Infectious and viral diseases – measles, influenza, chickenpox, meningitis.
- Atherosclerosis of the vessels can be manifested by the appearance of nosebleeds
- Vasculitis, which is an inflammation of the inner lining of a vessel. In this disease, bloody discharge from the nose is usually minor.
Many people wonder why nosebleeds are common. The reasons are very important to identify.
Other causes of bleeding
These include:
- Hormonal imbalance, for example, in pregnant women or during menopause. Often observed during puberty. As a result of this phenomenon, the work of blood vessels is disrupted, their wall becomes thinner. This is why a teenager's nose bleeds.
- Arterial hypertension. In particular, with sudden pressure surges, rupture of small vessels located in the nose can occur.
- Various blood diseases: leukemia, bleeding disorders, decreased platelet production.
- Cirrhosisliver.
- Nervous disorders and migraines.
- Emphysema.
- Osler's disease.
- Pathologies of the kidneys.
- lupus erythematosus.
Nose bleeding steps to take
First aid for nosebleeds is as follows:
- Take a semi-recumbent position, and best of all - sit down and tilt your head forward.
- Apply a cold object to the bridge of the nose.
- Drip the nose with a vasoconstrictor drug, for example, Nazivin, Galazolin, Naphthyzin, if they are not at hand, hydrogen peroxide can be used for this purpose.
- If blood flows from the right nostril, then the person is recommended to raise his right hand and hold the nostril with his left. If bleeding occurs from both nasal passages, the patient should raise both hands up and have another person pinch both nostrils.
- If these activities do not help stop nosebleeds, you need to call an ambulance.
Why the nose bleeds at night, we found out.
How to avoid nosebleeds?
Reducing the risk of such a phenomenon, as well as speeding up the healing of the vessels of the nose after sudden bleeding, will help eliminate the drying of the air in the room. To do this, the nasal passages can be lubricated with petroleum jelly or other special ointments, aired twice a day, and it is also possible to instill sea water preparations into the nose - Aquamaris, Salis.
If the blood stops whenWith the help of standard measures, doctors can treat the nasal mucosa with solutions of adrenaline or ephedrine.
If there is no effect from therapy, surgical treatment of this pathology is carried out.
Treatment
In case of severe bleeding and significant blood loss, the patient must be hospitalized in the ENT department of the hospital. In the event of frequent bleeding from the nose, when the cause of this condition is absent, you should undergo a comprehensive examination by a neurologist, hematologist, endocrinologist.
In most cases, the release of blood comes from the Kisselbach zone, therefore, to prevent it in the future, it is possible to carry out its cauterization. In addition, the specialist may consider it appropriate to carry out the following manipulations:
- Removal of a foreign body from the nose or polyp.
- Anterior or posterior tamponade soaked in 1% amnion solution, epsilon-aminocaproic acid.
- Using a hemostatic sponge.
- Cauterize the vessel.
- Administration of intravenous aminocaproic acid, gemodez, rheopolyglucin, transfusion of donor blood, etc.
- Surgical measures, for example, embolization of large vessels in the affected areas of the mucosa.
We looked at why nose bleeds.
