In the article, consider the instructions for "Glukobay".
Drug is an oral drug that is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. What is this disease?
Type 2 diabetes is an insulin-independent disorder.
Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disease in which there is a violation of sensitivity to the action of insulin in the tissues of the body. The high productivity of pancreatic β-cells provoked by the disease depletes the cell resource, the production of insulin begins to decline, which leads to the need for its injections. The disease often begins after 40 years. The occurrence of the disease is due only to lifetime he alth disorders and does not depend on genetic disorders. Most patients have an elevated body mass index.
Classification of disease
The disease has, according to the international classification, its own code and description. The ICD-10 code for type 2 diabetes will beshown below.
The main cause of this pathology is overweight, so people with a predisposition to this problem should constantly monitor their blood sugar levels. Initial symptoms:
- frequent urination;
- excessive and intense thirst;
- unquenchable hunger.
As for additional signs, they are a variety of changes in the body that occur due to this pathological process.
Post-diagnosed treatment for type 2 diabetes (which, unlike type 1 diabetes, is not insulin dependent) provides a wide range of methods, consisting of both folk recipes and medications. The main focus is on lifestyle changes in terms of diet. Medical practice shows that this therapeutic approach often gives positive results, provided that the patient fulfills all recommendations in good faith.
The assigned codes should also be noted:
- ICD-10 code for type 2 diabetes - E10.
- Non-insulin-dependent diabetes code E11.
- Code E12 describes diabetes due to malnutrition (gestational type).
- Code E14 denotes all conditions relating to unspecified forms of the pathological process.
Pharmacological properties of the drug
As the instructions for Glucobay indicate, the active component of this drug is acarbose. This substance contributes to the inhibition of processesenzymatic conversion of sucrose into glucose, which significantly reduces its absorption into the blood from the digestive system.
Glucobay medicine is prescribed by the attending specialist when a special wellness diet did not give the expected antidiabetic result. This medicinal product is used as a monotherapy or in combination with insulin and other pharmacological agents.
"Glukobay", the use of which involves diet and special physical activity, with regular use reduces the likelihood of attacks of hypo- and hyperglycemia, the risk of developing myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular pathologies in a chronic form. The effect of the active component of this drug is based on a pronounced decrease in the functionality of alpha-glucosidase and a prolongation of the absorption of glucose in the intestine. Thus, the drug reduces its concentration in the blood after a meal and reduces the level of daily fluctuations in plasma glucose levels.
According to the instructions for Glucobay, after taking this medication, after 1-2 hours, the development of the first peak of acarbose activity is noted. The second peak occurs in the interval from 14 to 24 hours. Its bioavailability varies within 1-2%. The products of the metabolism of the pharmaceutical are excreted through the intestines - 51% and kidneys - 35%.
Form and composition
Glucobay tablets contain the active substance acarbose at a dosage of 100 and50 mg plus some additional ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, corn starch and cellulose.
A medication is produced in the form of biconvex white tablets with a yellow tint of two types, which differ in the content of auxiliary and active components. On one side of the dragee, the dosage of acarbose is applied and branded in the form of a "Bayer" cross on the back.
Glucobay tablets are packaged in blisters of 15 pieces and in cardboard boxes. The shelf life of the drug is 5 years.
Indications for prescription
What are the indications for the drug "Glukobay"? The drug is prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes in combination with diet therapy.
Dosing regimen
As the instructions for Glucobay indicate, the medicine is taken orally, whole, not chewed, washed down with a small amount of water, before meals. The optimal dosage of the drug is selected for each patient individually.
Typically, the starting dose is 1 50mg tablet or half a 100mg tablet 3 times a day. The average daily dose of the drug is 300 mg.
In case of insufficient effectiveness of such a therapeutic regimen, after 4-8 weeks of treatment, the dose is recommended to be increased to 200 mg 3 times a day. The maximum dosage in this case is 600 mg. In elderly patients (over 65 years of age), a change in dosing regimen or dose is not required. In people with impaired liver function, adjust the regimendosing is also not necessary.
Side effects
When using the pharmacological drug "Glucobay", some negative side reactions may occur. These include:
- Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, flatulence, epigastric pain, nausea, an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes (several times), which disappears after discontinuation of the drug, intestinal obstruction, jaundice or hepatitis, as well as those associated with these diseases liver tissue damage. There have been isolated cases of fatal fulminant hepatitis, but the relationship of such cases with the intake of acarbose has not been fully elucidated.
- Allergic manifestations: skin rashes, urticaria, hyperemia, exanthema.
- General disorders in the body: swelling.
Contraindications for use
Glucobay medicine (analogues will be indicated at the end of the article) is contraindicated in the following situations:
- pathologies of the digestive system of the body of a chronic nature, occurring with significant malabsorption of nutrients and disruption of the digestive processes in general;
- violations that may be accompanied by the occurrence of flatulence (large hernia of any localization, Roemheld's syndrome, peptic ulcer, intestinal obstruction);
- severe kidney failure (with QC < 25 ml/min);
- pregnancy period;
- breastfeeding;
- under 18;
- high sensitivity to acarbose or other drug substances.
With caution, the medication is used for fever, infectious diseases, injuries, surgical interventions. Since an asymptomatic increase in the functionality of hepatic transaminases is possible while taking this medication, it is recommended to monitor the concentration of these enzymes in the blood during the first 6-12 months of treatment (as a rule, these indicators normalize when the drug is discontinued).
Purpose during pregnancy and lactation
Pharmacological agent "Glucobay" should not be prescribed to patients who are in the process of bearing a child, since reliable information on the use of this medication in pregnant women is not provided.
Glucobay is not recommended for use during lactation. If medication is needed during this period, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
In patients with impaired liver and kidney function, correction of the dosing regimen is not required, except in cases of severe renal failure (with CC < 25 ml / min).
Special Recommendations
When prescribing the medical preparation Glucobay, a prerequisite is strict adherence to the rules of dietary nutrition.
A patient with diabetes should be warned about the impossibilityself-cancellation of this medication, as this can provoke an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood. If the patient does not follow the recommended diet, there may be an increase in adverse reactions from the digestive tract. In cases where the diet is strictly observed, but the symptoms of the pathological process increase, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of the drug (for a long or short period).
Drug "Glukobay" does not provoke hypoglycemia when prescribed to patients exclusively in combination with a diet. During the addition of a medicinal product to therapy with insulin or hypoglycemic oral medications, the development of hypoglycemia may be observed as a result of a decrease in the need for antidiabetic treatment (in some cases even to the onset of coma, which may require a change in prescribed dosages).
It must be taken into account that Glucobay with acarbose helps to slow down the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose, therefore, if acute hypoglycemia develops during treatment with the drug, glucose should be prescribed to eliminate its manifestations.
The outpatient card of a patient with diabetes should make a note about the use of a medical device.
The pharmaceutical drug Glucobay, the price of which will be indicated below, does not affect the ability of patients to engage in hazardous professional activities that require increased attention.
Overdose symptoms
In case of receiving thismedication in high dosages or simultaneously with foods or drinks that contain a high amount of carbohydrates (oligo-, di- and polysaccharides), overdose symptoms may develop in the form of diarrhea and flatulence. When treating with Glucobay, regardless of food intake in excess doses, the occurrence of undesirable manifestations from the digestive system is not expected. Overdose therapy involves eliminating foods containing carbohydrates from the diet for several hours.
Drug interaction
Gastrointestinal adsorbents, cholestyramine and preparations that contain digestive enzymes in their composition can adversely affect the effectiveness of the Glucobay drug, so their combined use is recommended to be avoided. In rare cases, this medicine may interfere with the bioavailability of digoxin, which requires adjustment of the dosage of this substance.
It is important to understand that the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with diet therapy should take place.
Features of the diet
In diabetic patients who deliberately or unknowingly do not follow a diet while taking Glucobay, as a result of a high amount of carbohydrates, cells lose sensitivity to insulin. As a result, glucose levels rise. The goal of dietary nutrition is to restore the sensitivity and ability of cells to absorb glucose. The treatment diet includes:
- Calorie restriction while maintaining energy value.
- Eating at the same time, which helps to ensure the normal flow of metabolism and the functioning of the digestive system.
- Required 5-6 meals a day, with snacks.
- The energy component of the food must necessarily correspond to real energy consumption.
- Approximately the same caloric intake of meals. The bulk of carbohydrates should be consumed in the first half of the day.
- Adding fresh fiber-rich vegetables to your diet.
- Replacing sugar with permitted and harmless sweeteners in certain volumes.
- Eating sweets exclusively at main meals.
- Preferred to desserts containing vegetable fat, because the breakdown of fats slows down the absorption of glucose.
- Minimum amount of complex carbohydrates.
- Restriction of easily digestible carbohydrates or their complete exclusion.
- Low animal fat intake.
- Significant reduction or elimination of s alt.
- Without eating after exercise or sports.
- No overeating.
- Exclusion or severe restriction of drinking.
- At least 1.5 liters of fluid daily.
- Diet cooking methods.
- Mandatory breakfast.
- The last meal is two hours before bedtime.
- Eat warm food (not cold or overly hot).
- During the mealit is recommended to eat vegetables first, and then protein foods.
Glukobay: price
The approximate cost of the medicine is 370 rubles. It depends on the region.
Analogues
The list of Glucobay analogues includes the following drugs:
- Glinose;
- Acarbose;
- Siofor.
The doctor should select a replacement.
Reviews about "Glukobay"
According to information obtained from patients' feedback on the drug "Glucobay", this medication is highly effective in diabetes mellitus in an insulin-independent form. It is well tolerated and side effects from its use are very rare.
According to the reviews of diabetics about Glucobay, if you follow all the recommendations of experts regarding dietary nutrition, you can reduce the likelihood of side effects up to their complete disappearance. With proper dosage and diet, this medicine significantly reduces the symptoms of the underlying pathology, reduces the risk of negative consequences that it provokes. Patients felt satisfactory during the treatment, and most of them noticed positive results.
Reviews about "Glukobay" confirm this.
