The ear is the most important human organ, it is thanks to it that we can perceive the sounds of the environment. Unfortunately, like ailments of other organs, various ear diseases often develop. We will consider the symptoms and treatment of such a phenomenon in the article.
Reasons
Ear diseases in people can develop for a variety of reasons. The most common sources of hearing loss are:
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Inflammation in the ear canal.
ear disease photo in humans - A normal draft can provoke serious pathologies of the organ of hearing. Children are more prone to this, because their ears are more sensitive to drafts than adults.
- The transferred disease leads to suppuration in a certain area of the ear canal.
- Ear diseases of people can develop due to various fungi, and this in no way depends on the hygiene of the ears.
- In rare cases, the disease is the result of injuries of the ear canal, athletes are more susceptible to this.
OnThe image on the right shows an example of ear disease (photo). In humans, various pathologies of the organ of hearing develop quite often. Therefore, it is important to know how they manifest themselves and what the treatment is.
Human ear diseases: symptoms
The main clinical manifestation of the disease is pain. Most often, pain is felt in case of inflammation of the auditory analyzer. Its intensity can be different. Pain often radiates to the eye, lower jaw or manifests itself during swallowing and chewing movements, often a headache on the affected side.
Various manifestations of tinnitus, hearing loss, autophony (a condition in which a person hears his voice with a plugged ear) - this is how ear diseases manifest in a person. Symptoms can be not only local, but also general, body temperature often rises, insomnia develops, appetite decreases.
Types of pathologies of the hearing organ
Ear diseases in humans can be quite dangerous. Despite the similarity of manifestations, they are very diverse. Consider the most common human ear diseases. Treatment for each type of pathology is prescribed by a doctor after a medical examination.
Deaf-mute
The cause of this pathology may be congenital or acquired (up to 3 years) deafness. Congenital deafness develops in the embryonic period under the influence of harmful factors during pregnancy (viral diseases, syphilis, toxic substances, medicines, beriberi, etc.). hereditary form,As a rule, it is combined with malformations of the middle and inner ear. Acquired forms are more common and are the result of past infectious diseases, the influence of ototoxic drugs. Due to deafness, dumbness develops.
Treatment in this case is ineffective. All efforts should be directed to teaching verbal speech in specialized institutions. Modern techniques will help achieve good social rehabilitation.
Sudden deafness
This condition is most often the result of vascular disorders (hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, vascular spasm) and viral infections. Occurs in conditions such as blood disorders, syphilis, diabetes, skull trauma, tumors of the auditory nerve.
In this situation, immediate hospitalization and intravenous administration of special medications are required. Hearing restoration in this case is quite real.
Minière's disease
The disease refers to non-inflammatory diseases of the inner ear. It is characterized by periodic attacks of dizziness, nausea or vomiting, tinnitus, imbalance, decreased hearing in one ear, increased irritability from loud sounds. Pathology develops due to diseases of individual systems and organs (allergic conditions, hypertension, hypotension, atherosclerosis, vegetative dystonia, hormonal disorders, menopause, various toxicoses, nicotine abuse). The disease manifests itself as a sharp disorder of the vestibular function. conditionnormalizes after the attack ends, but hearing loss and tinnitus persist and gradually progress. The disease usually affects one ear.
Treatment consists of bed rest, a s alt-free diet, and mustard foot baths. In order to stop an acute attack, Syabro powder (caffeine-sodium benzoate, platyfillin hydrotartrate, sodium bromide) is used. To prevent vomiting, drugs "Aminazine", "Ephedrine", "Dimedrol" are administered intravenously. Between attacks, electrophoresis, 5% calcium chloride solution, special physical exercises, acupuncture are prescribed. It is forbidden to take alcohol, smoke, be in the sun, swim in deep water. In the hospital, surgical methods are combined with ultrasound and cryotherapy.
Diffuse and limited otitis externa - diseases of the human external ear
Limited otitis externa is a furuncle of the external auditory canal. It develops exclusively on the membranous-cartilaginous area, where there are sebaceous glands and hair. Severe pain that radiates to the teeth, eyes, neck - this is how this ear disease manifests itself in people. Treatment of the disease at the initial stage consists in the use of antibacterial drugs: "Penicillin", "Oxacillin", "Ampioks". For introduction into the ear canal, turunda is used, which is impregnated with 2% boric alcohol. After the boil is opened, a turunda is injected, previously soaked in a solution of penicillin in novocaine. Prescribe drugs "Analgin", "Acetylsalicylicacid". Surgical treatment is rarely used.
One type of diffuse purulent otitis media is otomycosis. With this disease, various types of yeast and mold fungi develop on the walls of the external auditory canal. The reason for this phenomenon is prolonged hydration, previous purulent otitis media, uncontrolled use of hormonal agents and antibiotics. Inflammation of the skin, pain, itching, moderate discharge of yellow, gray-green, dirty black, depending on the type of fungus - this is how this ear disease manifests itself in people.
Treatment of otomycosis consists in a thorough toilet of the ear, rinsing with a 3% solution of boric acid, rinsing with antifungal agents ("Kanesten", "Nitrofungin"), 10% solution of silver nitrate. Therapy of the disease is quite long, complications often develop.
A type of otomycosis is candidiasis of the ear, caused by its yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida. The disease develops most often due to prolonged use of antibiotics. For the treatment of such a disease, antifungal antibiotics ("Levorin", "Nystatin", "Nizoral", "Griseofulvin") are used orally, a 0.1% alcohol solution of "Chinozol" is applied topically.
Otitis media
Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear) often develops. The first stage of the disease is characterized by pain inside the ear, it can be pulsating, shooting, boring. The body temperature rises sharply (above 38 ° C). After a while there is a perforation (breakthrough)eardrum and pus flows out. Body temperature returns to normal. A frequent complication of acute otitis media is mastoiditis. With such a disease, the mastoid process of the temporal bone becomes inflamed, in its thickness there are air cells that communicate with the middle ear cavity. With this pathology, the development of a purulent process is observed in the cells of the process, which can provoke the occurrence of intracranial complications (meningitis), since the sinuses and membranes of the brain are located anatomically close. Pressing on the appendix causes pain.
Mastoiditis can cause meningitis, facial paralysis, purulent swelling in the neck, abscesses behind the ear.
Therapeutic measures are to ensure the outflow of pus from the middle ear cavity and the fight against purulent infection and inflammation. Surgical intervention is necessary in the presence of complications and ineffectiveness of conservative treatment. During the operation, an incision is made behind the ear and the mastoid process is opened.
Otitis media
Otitis media is labyrinthitis. Such an inflammatory process can have an acute or chronic course. The infection can enter the inner ear in various ways. With purulent inflammation - through the middle ear, with meningitis - through the meninges, with various kinds of infections - through the blood. The following symptoms are characteristic of such an ailment: dizziness, nausea, imbalance, nystagmus (a condition in which the eyeballmakes involuntary movements to the side).
When the first symptoms appear, urgent hospitalization is required. Depending on the form of the disease, therapy can be both conservative and surgical.
Antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Indomethacin, Diclofenac) are used for treatment.
This article described common human ear diseases (symptoms, causes, principles of treatment). To prevent diseases of the organ of hearing, it is very important to observe hygiene and timely treat diseases of other organs that are near the ear (pharynx, paranasal sinuses). If people still have ear diseases, you should not self-medicate - this can lead to serious consequences.
