Hyperdynamic syndrome, or attention deficit disorder, is one of the manifestations of minimal brain dysfunction and today is diagnosed in many children. This is due to mild damage to the brain of an organic nature, which manifests itself in increased excitability and emotional lability, some speech and movement disorders, behavioral difficulties, etc. Usually, such a disorder manifests itself in the first five years of a child's life. This is due to a breakdown in the functionality of the central nervous system, which occurs under the influence of many negative factors.
Characteristics and description of the problem
Hyperdynamic syndrome is a developmental and behavioral disorder that manifests itself in hyperactivity, attention disorder. Such disorders are first detected before the age of five years. This is due to a violation of the functionality of the central nervous system as a result of the influence of negative factors during the mother's pregnancy, labor, or in the first three years of a child's life. Hyperdynamic syndrome code byICD-10 has F90 (F90.9).
In neurology, this pathology is usually considered as a chronic syndrome that is incurable. According to statistics, only 30% of children can "outgrow" the disease or adapt to it as they grow up.
Hyperdynamic syndrome in children can manifest itself as the following deviations:
- anxiety, deviant behavior;
- learning difficulties;
- speech disorders;
- autism;
- disorder of thinking and behavior;
- Gilles de la Tourette's illness.
This pathology is caused by minor brain damage. After an injury, he althy cells take over the functions of the dead. The nervous system begins to work with an increased load, since energy is needed for the process of restoring the nervous tissue and the course of age-related development. With this syndrome, cells that are involved in the process of inhibition are damaged, so arousal begins to predominate, which manifests itself in a violation of concentration and activity regulation.
Epidemiology
Hyperdynamic syndrome in children is diagnosed in 2.4% of cases worldwide. Usually the pathology manifests itself at the age of three to seven years. Most often the disease is present in boys, it is usually inherited. Often, pathology is diagnosed in children with disabilities.
By the age of 15, hyperactivity subsides a bit, the child's condition improves. He improves self-control, behavior becomes regulated. But in 6% of casesthere is a development of deviant behavior: alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.
Causes of the syndrome
The exact causes of the development of such a disease as hyperdynamic syndrome (ICD-10: F90) have not been identified. Doctors believe that the factors provoking the development of the disease are:
- damage to the central nervous system of a child during fetal development due to diseases that developed in the mother, as well as the presence of infections, preeclampsia;
- anomalies of the central nervous system as a result of the mother's bad habits and frequent stress during the period of gestation;
- fetal hypoxia;
- mechanical trauma during labor;
- malnutrition, infections in the first few years of a child's life, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease;
- unfavorable ecological situation;
- incompatibility of the Rh factors of the child and the mother;
- threatened miscarriage, premature or prolonged labor.
How does this pathology manifest itself?
Syndrome can occur with varying intensity. It usually shows up as follows:
- Increase in excitability, so motor skills in hyperdynamic syndrome develop early enough.
- Attention disorder.
- Neurological disorders.
- Speech disorder.
- Learning difficulties.
A child with this pathology is overly active. Such activity is sometimes observed from the first days of a child's life. Children may have difficulty sleeping, concentratingattention is broken. His attention is easy enough to get, but impossible to keep.
Children with hyperdynamic syndrome begin to hold their heads and roll over on their stomachs early enough, as well as walk. They understand speech, but they themselves often cannot express their thoughts, as their speech is impaired, while the memory of such children does not suffer.
Hyperactive kids are usually non-aggressive, they can't hold grudges for long. But in a fight they are hard to stop, they become uncontrollable. All the feelings of such children are shallow, they cannot fully appreciate the feelings and condition of other people.
Children with this pathology are usually sociable, they easily come into contact, but it is difficult for them to make friends.
Often with hyperdynamic syndrome in children, the causes and treatment of which are considered by doctors in each case, parents do not need to shame and scold them, as they are in constant stress. It is important for such a child to find his place among people, then the manifestations of pathology will decrease.
Children with this syndrome may also experience some side effects.
- Enuresis.
- Pain in the head.
- Stuttering.
- Nervous tics.
- Hyperkinesis.
- Skin rashes that are not related to allergic reactions.
- VSD, astheno-hyperdynamic syndrome.
- Bronchoconstriction.
Diagnosis of pathology
It is necessary to study hyperdynamic syndrome in different age groups.categories. Diagnosis is made by a pediatrician, psychiatrist or neurologist who specializes in such phenomena.
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and psychosocial assessment. The patient's behavior and manifestation of symptoms, as well as his mental state, are considered in his daily life. Then the needs of the person, the degree of behavioral disorders are studied.
The physician should review the patient's history, looking for the presence or absence of diagnoses such as encephalopathy, intracranial hypertension, or MMD. If one of these diagnoses is present, then the risk of a patient having hyperdynamic syndrome increases to 90%.
Also, the doctor should study the following points:
- motor activity;
- concentration;
- sleep disorder;
- speech disorders;
- failure to adapt to kindergarten or school environments;
- increase in injuries;
- slurred speech;
- presence of motor stereotypes;
- enuresis;
- increased sociability;
- weather sensitivity;
- nervous breakdown under stress.
If a child has five or more points, this may indicate the presence of pathology. The following conditions must be met:
- Several signs are observed before the age of twelve.
- Symptoms appear with the same frequency in different situations and conditions.
- Symptomatic reduces qualityactivities.
- The patient has no mental or personality disorder.
In addition, the doctor must exclude the patient from pathologies of the thyroid gland, depression, the use of psychotropic substances, steroids, anticonvulsants, caffeine.
Often the doctor prescribes echocardiography of the heart in hyperdynamic syndrome. After all, it happens that a patient has fluctuations in blood pressure due to an illness. When hyperdynamic syndrome is present, the heart may work harder.
Diagnosis with MOHO
Often, the MOHO computer test is used to diagnose pathology in children and adults. This technique has two versions: children's and adult. Its essence lies in the performance of tasks that have eight levels of difficulty. Various stimuli appear on the screen, to which the patient must respond properly: either press the spacebar, or do nothing. The stimuli on the monitor are almost the same as in real life, so the accuracy of the test is 90%. This technique makes it possible to study the patient's concentration, impulsivity, coordination of actions, hyperactivity.
Therapy
Treatment of hyperdynamic syndrome in children should be complex, combining several methods that are developed in each case. First prescribed by a doctor:
- Pedagogical correction.
- Psychotherapy.
- Behavior Therapy.
- Neuropsychological correction.
If listedmethods do not bring the proper result, drug treatment is prescribed. In each individual case, the doctor prescribes the appropriate drugs.
Drug treatment of hyperdynamic syndrome
Most often, the doctor prescribes psychostimulants. They are taken several times a day. Previously, Pemolin was used in medicine to treat such a pathology, but this drug turned out to be hepatotoxic, so it was no longer prescribed.
Often, doctors prescribe norepinephrine reuptake blockers and sympathomimetics, such as Atomoxetine. Antidepressants in combination with Clonidine, which reduces the risk of side effects, also turned out to be effective in therapy.
Children are prescribed psychostimulants in the minimum dosage, as they can be addictive.
In the CIS, nootropics are often used in the treatment of hyperactivity, which improve the activity of the central nervous system, in particular the brain. Doctors also prescribe amino acids that improve metabolism. Often prescribed drugs such as Phenibut, Piracetam, Sonapax and others.
Usually, with the use of drug therapy, the condition of patients improves significantly, distractibility disappears. Poor school performance. When the drugs are discontinued, the symptoms develop again.
Medication is not usually given to preschool children. In this case, psychological support programs are being developed.
Non-drug therapy
There are several methodstreatments for hyperdynamic syndrome, which can be used alone or in combination with medications:
- Exercises aimed at correcting concentration.
- Restore blood circulation with massage.
- Behavioral therapy, through which it is possible to form or extinguish certain behavioral patterns with the help of reward or punishment.
- Family therapy, thanks to which the patient learns to direct his qualities in the right direction, and family members learn to support and properly educate a hyperactive child.
- BFB-therapy using EEG.
Therapy should be comprehensive. The doctor prescribes massage, exercise therapy. These techniques make it possible to normalize blood circulation.
Advice to parents
Parents should follow all doctor's recommendations and prescriptions. The child must comply with the daily routine. It is recommended to avoid crowded places in order to maintain emotional balance in a hyperactive child. Parents should praise their children, thereby emphasizing his successes and achievements. This helps build the child's self-confidence. It is also important not to overload the children.
The above measures, with timely diagnosis, make it possible to reduce the manifestation of symptoms of hyperactivity, as well as help the child realize himself in life.
Organization of activities of a hyperactive child
Not Recommendedup to six years, send the child to those groups where children should sit at their desks, perform tasks that require perseverance and increased attention. A hyperactive child should be engaged in such groups where classes are held in a playful way. In this case, children are allowed to move around the classroom at will.
If the hyperdynamic syndrome manifests itself strongly, it is recommended not to send the child to any group. In this case, you can practice at home. In this case, classes should take no more than ten minutes. The child must first learn to concentrate for two minutes, then the exercises are repeated every hour. Over time, the child's attention span will improve.
Parents should plan ahead for activities with their children. A dynamic child will learn better in motion, so it is necessary to allow him to run and crawl. But over time, he should get used to the regime. Classes are held at the same time several times a week. It must be remembered that such children have the so-called bad days, when any activity will not bring benefits.
Children's nutrition
A lot depends on nutrition. Sometimes the wrong diet can exacerbate the problem. Do not give your child products that contain dyes and preservatives. A great danger is erythrosin and tartracine - food dyes (red and orange, respectively). They are present in store-bought juices, sauces, and sparkling waters. Fast food should not be offered to children.
The nutrition of a hyperactive child should include a large amount of vegetables and fruits, a small percentage of carbohydrates. It is also important that with food the child receives all the necessary vitamins and nutrients that are important for the normal functioning of the central nervous system.
Conclusion
Hyperdynamic syndrome occurs in 2.4% of cases worldwide. Mostly pathology is diagnosed in boys. In the CIS countries today, about 90% of children with this abnormal he alth condition remain without treatment, because they do not receive proper support at school and in the family. That is why the problem of hyperactivity is relevant in modern times. It is necessary to develop new methods and approaches in therapy for such children.
Usually we see situations in which hyperactive children just annoy everyone. There are few people who think about the real reasons for such behavior. They believe that these are ordinary children who are simply poorly educated. This is the problem of many preschool and school institutions, where an approach to children with such deviations has not been developed. All this requires a more detailed study and the creation of methods for correcting behavior.
In addition, behavioral and family psychotherapy is currently underdeveloped, and therefore is used very rarely, which makes the problem of hyperactive children almost unsolvable. And yet, with the right integrated approach, it is possible to reduce the manifestation of pathology in children by 60%.
