A stomach polyp (ICD-10 code: D13.1) is a seal of a certain size, which refers to benign neoplasms. It grows from the tissues of the mucosa and can reach a significant size, especially if timely treatment is not carried out.
Feature of the disease
The quality of human life largely depends on the state of internal organs. The stomach plays a very important role in the digestive system and does not always provoke the occurrence of discomfort, even in the presence of serious diseases. However, the insidiousness of this situation lies in the fact that in the absence of severe symptoms, pathologies can develop rapidly and lead to complications. These processes include neoplasms in the mucous membrane of the digestive system.
According to the ICD-10 code, a gastric polyp is designated D 13.1 and is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells on the mucosa. Such a neoplasm can be round, oval or mushroom-shaped. It is benign in nature and consists of epithelial tissue, however, with improper treatment, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, andalso the presence of other provoking factors, can degenerate into a malignant form.
Classification
Classification of polyps largely depends on which tissues were involved in their formation. They are subdivided according to the threat of rebirth, as well as the place of localization. So, according to the location area, the following neoplasms are distinguished:
- hyperplastic;
- inflammatory;
- hypertrophic;
- hyperplasiogenic.
Polyps can be adenomatous or glandular.
The hyperplastic type is a tumor on a wide base, which occurs as a result of inflammatory and infectious processes in the body. This is the most common type and almost never develops into a malignant tumor.
Adenomatous type differs in that it often becomes malignant, therefore, it is important to perform the operation in a timely manner. A hormonal disorder, poor nutrition, and taking certain medications can provoke the onset of a neoplasm.
Glandular polyp is very rare, does not manifest itself for a long time and the functioning of the digestive system does not change at all. But despite the absence of symptoms, the neoplasm can very quickly develop into a malignant tumor.
Causes of occurrence
The causes of polyps in the stomach are not fully understood, and therefore they are especially dangerous. Physicians distinguish a numberfactors affecting the occurrence of neoplasms:
- inflammatory processes;
- presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria;
- hereditary predisposition.
In addition, certain medications, constant stressful situations and malnutrition can provoke the occurrence of a pathological process.
Main symptoms
Symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach can be very different - it all depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease. At its initial stages, the symptoms are not very pronounced, which greatly complicates the diagnosis. And in some cases, such signs may appear:
- aching pain in the pancreas;
- poor digestibility of food;
- acute stomach pain;
- bad breath;
- appearance of blood in the feces;
- alternating diarrhea and constipation.
Due to the fact that the symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach largely depend on the stage of the course of the disease, it is very dangerous to wait for the first manifestations to appear, since the consequences can be quite disappointing.
Diagnostics
Types of polyp diagnostics include questioning the patient about the presence of hereditary diseases and complaints, endoscopic examination of internal organs, laboratory research. Based on the results obtained, the cause of the disease is established.
One of the most harmless and safe methodsresearch is considered endoscopy, and if necessary, ultrasonography is additionally prescribed. This research method helps to determine the depth of polyp germination in the gastric mucosa. Its advantage is the ability to visually distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
When removal is required
Sometimes, when neoplasms occur, a very vivid clinical picture is observed. So, when it is pinched, there may be a sharp pain in the epigastric region, radiating to other departments. In this case, urgent examination and well-chosen treatment are required.
According to the results of the study, the issue of removing a polyp in the stomach is being decided. There are certain indications for surgery:
- if in the absence of clinical manifestations, the polyp is hyperplastic;
- in the absence of clinical manifestations, the neoplasm is adenomatous;
- there is a presence of severe symptoms;
- there is a rapid growth of the neoplasm, as well as a change in its shape.
The need to remove polyps in the stomach is decided strictly individually for each patient. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of neoplasms and the general well-being of the patient.
Deletion methods
The danger of a neoplasm is, as already mentioned, that over time it can develop into a malignant tumor. That is why timely diagnosis, competent therapy or removal of a polyp in the stomach is required.
The medical method of treatment is initially applied. It implies the use of drugs that envelop the walls of the stomach, as well as dietary supplements that help stimulate digestion. In addition, the use of drugs is required that will help eliminate the inflammatory process.
If long-term drug treatment has not brought any results, then a polyp in the stomach is removed. It is carried out using two main technologies:
- endoscopic;
- full surgical intervention.
The first one is used if it is necessary to remove single neoplasms and when the damage to the mucosa is insignificant. In especially severe cases, open surgery is prescribed, as well as excision of several parts of the stomach.
Endoscopic removal
The operation to remove polyps in the stomach is performed using endoscopic techniques, which include:
- endoscopic excision;
- electric coagulation;
- polypectomy.
Endoscopic excision involves using a loop to grasp the tumor at its base and then passing an electric current through it. Then a cut and cauterization is performed. If the neoplasm is large enough, then this technique is not used or the polyp is removed in several parts.
Electrical coagulation involves the use of current. To neoplasmspecial tongs are brought and current is connected. Tissues are heated and gradually evaporated. This method is suitable for removing small neoplasms that are less than 1 cm in diameter.
Polypectomy refers to the mechanical removal of a tumor. For this, a loop and other tools are used. The danger of the technique lies in the fact that there is a risk of hemorrhage, since tissue cauterization is not carried out.
The big advantage of these techniques is simplicity, minimal preparation for removal of the gastric polyp, no anesthesia, and minimal risk of complications. After the manipulation, the patient spends no more than 2 hours in the hospital.
Laser removal
Removal of polyps in the stomach with a laser is considered the safest and most gentle method. It is used to excise all types of benign neoplasms. The laser tip is placed in the endoscope, and then the polyp is evaporated in layers.
The treatment is strictly controlled to regulate the depth of the laser therapy, resulting in very good results. After that, the vessels are sealed, which prevents hemorrhage. The final recovery occurs after about 10 days.
The disadvantages include only the high price of removing a polyp in the stomach with a laser. The cost of the procedure is approximately 7000 rubles. In addition, special technique and doctor's skills are required.
Surgery
In the presence of significant neoplasms or whencomplications, open surgery is performed. Such an operation can provoke many complications and is prescribed only in the most extreme cases.
Many are concerned about how long the removal of the stomach polyp takes and what consequences may arise during the surgical intervention. In terms of time, the operation can last approximately 1-1.5 hours.
In case of significant damage to the stomach, a resection of a certain part of this organ is carried out along with a polyposis formation. This method is prescribed with a strong growth of polyps, their pinching, or when the neoplasm passes into the stage of a malignant tumor. In this case, resection becomes the only way to save the patient's life.
The choice of method for removing polyps depends not only on their size, but also on the number, as well as the type of legs on which they are attached. Of no small importance is the peculiarity of changes in the gastric mucosa and the presence of concomitant pathologies.
When a biopsy is needed
During an endoscopy, a tissue sample must be taken for analysis. This is required for the biopsy, which is a very important histological examination.
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded from which layer of the gastric mucosa tissue proliferation occurred. If epithelial cells were found, then the polyp belongs to the hyperplastic type, is a benign neoplasm, and removal can not be performed, butuse medical therapy.
If glandular tissue cells are found, then in any case, removal is required, since degeneration into a cancerous tumor is possible.
Following the diet after treatment
An important role in the rapid recovery of the gastric mucosa has nutrition. This will help ease the work of the digestive system. The diet after removal of a polyp in the stomach implies that the patient only consumes warm and preferably grated food. Foods that are too hot or cold can further irritate the inflamed mucosa and aggravate the situation.
Be sure to follow the rules of fractional nutrition. Eating should be uniform throughout the day so that there is no feeling of hunger. The interval between meals should be approximately 3-4 hours. In addition, you need to reduce the portion size, as this will not overload the digestive tract.
After excising polyps, you need to consume protein meals, as they contain many amino acids required to build tissues and cells, as well as restore the immune system. It is necessary to give up coffee, alcoholic beverages, as well as products that irritate the mucous membrane. In addition, you should not consume foods that provoke the active functioning of the digestive system.
Complications of treatment
With complete excision of neoplasms, the prognosis is quite favorable, but there is a high probability of recurrence of tumors. There may be quite unpleasant consequences of removal.polyp in the stomach.
Thus, if anesthesia was used during the excision, there may be problems associated with respiratory disorders. Very rarely, bleeding occurs, which is observed mainly during endoscopic removal of polyps. There may also be an increase in temperature and the presence of pain. With a significant deterioration in well-being, you should immediately consult a doctor.
