Dizziness, also commonly referred to as vertigo syndrome, is a condition in which a person has the feeling that all things are moving around him. In addition, there is a loss of balance. This is due to the fact that the signals that are transmitted from the vestibular regions in the human body reach the temporal lobes with a great delay.
Very often vertigo is accompanied by nausea, and in some cases vomiting and loss of consciousness. If these signs are repeated constantly for no apparent reason, then this may indicate hidden pathological conditions. To determine the nature of the disease, you need to pay attention to the symptoms, as well as undergo an examination in a medical institution.
Types of dizziness
Based on the manifestations and temporal criteria for seizures, 2 groups of vertigo syndrome are distinguished:
- Paroxysmal. In this case, bouts of dizziness and nausea can last a few seconds or minutes. At the same time, they are regularly repeated after a certain period of time. These ailments most often appear with migraines, vegetative-vascular dystonia and other ailments.
- Persistent. In this casewe are talking about chronic dizziness, nausea, weakness. These manifestations may indicate that the patient is developing atherosclerosis, a brain tumor, chronic diseases of the middle ear, or damage to the vessels of the brain.
There are also a number of psychopathological signs according to which dizziness is classified:
- Psychogenic. In this case, the cause of dizziness and nausea is a panic attack or increased anxiety in a person with a neurotic or mental disorder. In this case, there are additional symptoms in the form of a rapid heartbeat and difficulty breathing.
- Vestibular central. In this case, there is a violation of the activity of some brain structures. This can lead to the formation of tumors, brain injury or damage to the vascular system.
- Vestibular peripheral. This type of disorder is characterized by dizziness, nausea, and loss of coordination. All these are symptoms that certain disorders or inflammatory processes occur in the nerve endings or the periphery of the vestibular apparatus.
- Mixed. In this case, the symptoms indicate the presence of a pathology of the visual organ, poisoning with alcohol or medications.
- Lipothymia. In this case, in addition to dizziness and nausea, a person often has a loss of consciousness or a fainting state. In this case, there is also a strong weakness. When these symptoms appear, you should definitely undergo an examination.
Features of the manifestation of dizziness and nausea in women
Most often in the fair sex, this condition appears with sudden hormonal changes. Also, some ladies experience severe discomfort during menstruation or during menopause. If a woman suffers from nausea, dizziness and delayed menstruation, then in this case, pregnancy is the cause of discomfort.
Some women react much more strongly to strong drugs. If a lady takes antibacterial, anticonvulsant, cardiac hypotensive or sedative drugs, then this can also cause severe discomfort, up to loss of consciousness.
Anemia
In this case, the person suffers from a deficiency of red blood cells. Due to a decrease in hemoglobin, an insufficient amount of oxygen enters the neurons of the brain. When diagnosing the severe stages of this disease, not only nausea, dizziness and weakness are observed, but also reduced blood pressure and a significant deterioration in the performance of the blood supply system throughout the human body. Against the background of anemia, patients experience a decrease in appetite and blanching.
Acute appendicitis
This inflammatory process is most often diagnosed in a segment of the caecum. In this case, patients report severe pain in the lower part of the peritoneum, fever, nausea, dizziness and vomiting.
If a person has a suspicion of acute appendicitis, then in this case it is necessary to immediatelycall an ambulance. Most often, these attacks require surgical intervention. If the operation is not performed in a timely manner, this can lead to the development of peritonitis. This means that the appendix may rupture, in which case there is a high risk of death.
Hypertension
This pathology is characterized by sudden pressure surges. Almost always, against the background of hypertension, patients develop dizziness, nausea and drowsiness. This is due to spasms of blood vessels. To distinguish the manifestation of this pathology, it is worth paying attention to the symptoms during an attack in a sick person. If his face turned red, swelling appeared, limbs were partially numb, noise appeared in the ears and visual functions decreased, then this may indicate precisely this disease.
Hypertension is most common in people diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease or overweight. Also, a violation of metabolic processes or a decrease in the body's immunity can lead to pathology. As a rule, middle-aged people, the elderly, and women during menopause are more susceptible to this disease.
Basilar migraine
This manifestation is the most severe. In this case, patients suffer from excruciating headaches, nausea and dizziness. Such discomfort can be observed for about 1 hour, after which an attack occurs. In this case, patients complain of wild headaches, vomiting, numbness of the limbs and too much sensitivity of the organs of vision andhearing.
In the most difficult situations, patients develop hallucinations that disappear almost immediately after the pain syndrome subsides. It is worth noting that basilar migraine is a spontaneous pathology that appears quite suddenly. Some people have multiple attacks that occur after a certain period of time, and then recede for several years.
Intracranial hypertension
In this case, we are talking about excessive pressure on the brain of cerebrospinal fluid. This pathology develops in connection with the processes that occur in the tissues of the brain structure, vascular and nervous systems. Also, such a disease can be genetic or acquired. Therefore, intracranial hypertension should also be considered as a possible cause of dizziness and nausea.
During an attack, the patient complains of severe headache. Also, many note a pressing sensation in the eye area. After a while, severe dizziness, nausea and sudden pressure drops appear. All of these symptoms lead to vomiting.
In addition to all this, a person may have convulsions or lose consciousness. This indicates excessively high blood pressure, which requires immediate medical attention.
Also, dizziness can be observed with hypoglycemia, brain tumors, food poisoning, drug overdose, toxicosis during pregnancy, motion sickness during long trips, bruises and concussions of the headbrain.
Cause of vertigo and nausea in children
Similar symptoms are also often diagnosed in the younger generation. In this case, the causes of the pathology can be both hidden diseases and pathological conditions.
Most often, children who experience dizziness and nausea at normal pressure suffer from:
- inflammatory processes that occur in the hearing organs (for example, from otitis media);
- pathological disorders of the brain (may be congenital or acquired type);
- complications after major operations;
- motion sickness;
- infections that affect the structure of the brain (such as meningitis).
- traumatic brain injury;
- disturbances in the work of the central nervous system.
- drug poisoning;
- eating poor quality food;
- poisoning from household chemicals or toxic substances;
- presence of parasites in the body.
Very often, these symptoms occur in children during heavy physical exertion or due to overwork at school. If the child has not eaten for a long time or has been in the sun, this can also provoke unpleasant symptoms. These reasons are not considered pathological, but parents should pay more attention to their child and not ignore problems.
Which doctor to contact
If a person suffers from dizziness and nausea in the morning, then first of all it is necessary to visit a therapist who will conduct an initial examination. Assessing the visual cuesand after listening to the description of the symptoms from the patient, he can draw a conclusion about possible chronic diseases.
However, most often the therapist recommends visiting the following specialists:
- Neurologist, if there is a suspicion that a person suffers from diseases of the central nervous system.
- Otolaryngologist with probable inflammation in the hearing organs.
- A neurosurgeon, if there is a possibility that the patient is suffering from pathologies occurring in the brain tissues.
- Traumatologist, if the patient suffered from spinal or head injuries shortly before the onset of symptoms.
- Hematologist. This specialist will examine the blood, exclude or confirm the presence of anemia.
- A cardiologist to examine the vascular system.
- Oncologist for suspected tumors.
- Gynecologist, if unpleasant symptoms occur during pregnancy.
- Infectionist if there is a risk that the patient is suffering from an infectious disease.
- Narcologist. This doctor is recommended for those who suffer from alcohol addiction.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic measures directly depend on what kind of pathology the doctor suspects. However, as a rule, almost all specialists prescribe laboratory tests, ECG, ultrasound, MRI, radiography of the cervical spine and vertebrae, as well as pure tone audiometry.
Only based on the results of research, a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment for dizziness and nausea.
Firsthelp
To prevent a dangerous situation, you must follow a few recommendations from experts. First of all, a person suffering from dizziness should be in an upright position and not close his eyes. It is recommended to concentrate on any subject and look at it. At the same time, it is important to open all the windows in the room so that the patient receives the necessary amount of fresh air.
If at the moment of dizziness appear gagging, do not hold them back. If a person has been poisoned, then this is an effective way in which the body tries to get rid of the "infection".
To slightly improve the condition, you can drink a mug of cold coffee. However, those who have problems with blood pressure should be more careful with such a drink.
It is not recommended to take a horizontal position, since in case of vomiting there is a possibility that a person will choke from the outgoing masses. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the position of the patient's head. To relieve unpleasant symptoms, it is necessary to moisten a towel in cold water and place it on the person’s forehead. If after this the attack does not disappear or recurs, then in this case you should immediately call an ambulance. There is a risk that the person has a stroke.
Treatment with folk remedies
If a person suffers from constant dizziness, then you can use several recommendations that have been passed down hundreds of years from our ancestors. To get rid of Vertigo,it is recommended to pour a tablespoon of lemon balm with a glass of boiling water and drink this composition.
To get rid of constant dizziness, it is recommended to eat one tablespoon of seaweed before each meal. You can also prepare a decoction of fresh nettles. To do this, pour a tablespoon of chopped leaves with a liter of boiling water and leave to infuse for 4 hours. After that, the mixture must be squeezed out and add 100 ml of apple juice to it. The resulting medicine is taken daily 30 minutes before meals. Juniper, fir and camphor oils also have a positive effect.
If a person suffers from bouts of dizziness mainly in the morning, then it is worth using an infusion prepared on the basis of mint. It is recommended to drink this drink instead of the usual tea or morning cup of coffee. You should also start taking vitamins and give up bad habits.
