Any curvature of the spinal column gives a person a lot of inconvenience. In addition to external changes in the figure, gait, they significantly harm he alth. Scoliosis is a common and common problem that occurs in the thoracic or lumbar region of the spine. Therapeutic exercise for scoliosis is one of the most effective ways to eliminate the disease.
What is a disease
Children and adolescents are most susceptible to curvature of the spine. At an early age, the formation of the bone skeleton occurs, any systematic violations of posture quickly lead to a change in the shape of the spinal column. Under the influence of the load on the thoracic or lumbar region, a change in posture occurs, which is restored during the rest.
Permanent curvature leads to deformation of the bone base, the shape of the chest changes, the location of the internal organs shifts. The development of scoliosis occurs with frequent improper load onspinal column. The course of the disease provokes the formation of a hernia, pinching of the spinal nerves, severe pain, loss of full working capacity.
Reasons for appearance
Among the frequent and common factors affecting the curvature of the spine and deformity of the vertebrae, the following stand out:
- consequences of injuries of the thoracic, lumbar;
- presence of rickets causing bone softening;
- wrong body position when sitting at a table (desk);
- displacement of the center of gravity during physical exertion;
- intense exercise at an early age, without specialist supervision;
- frequent unilateral load as a result of professional activity;
- hereditary predisposition;
- congenital pathologies.
At the initial stage of scoliosis, physiotherapy exercises help to cope with the disease without much difficulty.
Disease classification
In medicine, scoliosis is divided into several main degrees and types. This takes into account the presence of deformation of the vertebrae, the direction of displacement to the right or left side, the type of curvature and the angle of the bend. The first degree includes changes in the spinal column with a displacement of up to 10 degrees. Outwardly, the disease is invisible under clothes.
At grade 2, the curvature reaches an angle of 25 degrees, the bend is pronounced, there is a slight asymmetry of the shoulder line and the lumbar region. Scoliosis of the third degree is diagnosed in patients with a bend angle up to50 degrees. The extreme, 4th degree, has a vertical deviation of the spinal column of more than 50 degrees. The S-shaped form of the disease is a right-sided curvature of the thoracic spine, with a shift of the lumbar region to the left.
Types of treatment
Exercise therapy for scoliosis of the 1st degree is the main type of therapy, does not require additional medical measures. In addition to regular gymnastics, the patient should limit physical activity, properly equip the workplace, excluding long-term curvature of the spine.
Illness of the second degree requires consultations with an orthopedist, neurologist, pulmonologist. The patient is selected special shoes that correct gait and posture. A complex of physiotherapy exercises is prescribed for scoliosis of 3 and 4 degrees in addition to physiotherapy, manual procedures, pharmacological therapy.
General exercise therapy rules
Gymnastics, recommended for curvature of the spine, is not a temporary exercise. To maintain a permanent form, it must be carried out regularly, as an integral part of the lifestyle. When exercising for scoliosis, there are a few important and basic rules to keep in mind that will help ensure excellent results.
- When doing physiotherapy exercises, the load in the vertical position of the body is excluded. It is necessary to avoid sharp turns of the torso, active dances, fast running and jumping.
- Gymnastics is carried out at a slow pace, the number of repetitions of each exercise gradually increases. Start offneeded with simple warm-up movements.
- The arms and legs play an important role in the formation of the correct posture. The complex of necessary exercises includes several mandatory approaches for these groups.
- When doing exercise therapy, you need to pay special attention to the technique of conducting classes. Exercises to fight the disease are asymmetrical, require precise execution.
- The final part of the gymnastics is aimed at relaxing the muscle tissue. Restoration of breathing, massage is carried out.
The result of performing exercises for scoliosis largely depends on the time of the exercise, its regularity and compliance with the instructions of the specialist.
Physical education for children
Toddlers and teenagers are often at risk of developing scoliosis. This is due to the incorrect position of the body during schoolwork, doing homework. Permanent curvature of the spinal column leads to deformation of the vertebrae, thereby aggravating the degree of the disease.
Therapeutic exercise for children with scoliosis requires the mandatory presence of adults. You need to perform exercises in a room with good air circulation. Training for children of primary school age does not exceed 10-15 minutes, teenagers can do up to half an hour. The appearance of the slightest signs of discomfort or pain signals the immediate cessation of classes. Therapy with therapeutic exercises is carried out in the position of lying on the stomach, back, standing on all fours.
- In the starting position onthe abdomen should place the hands along the torso, the legs are straight. For several minutes, it is necessary to stretch the spine, stretching the arms forward, the body does not come off the floor.
- During the next exercise, the arms are pressed to the floor at shoulder level. The chest should be pressed against the floor, the head should be raised up. Hands perform sliding movements forward, after which they are bent, while bringing the shoulder blades together. The number of repetitions is 4-6 times. In the supine position, the hands are clasped in a lock behind the cervical vertebrae, the right leg and left arm are alternately bent, the elbow is pulled to the knee joint. For each group of limbs, you need to do 5 repetitions.
- Hands are placed along the body, legs are slightly bent at the knees, tilted to the right side, hold the pose for several seconds. Then repeat the exercise on the left side. The number of repetitions is not more than 5 times on each side.
- Standing on all fours, the back is gradually rounded, the head is raised high. Hold the position for 3-5 seconds, then bend the back, pressing the chin to the chest.
- Standing in the starting position on the knees, the right leg is bent, pulling the knee to the head, the movement is repeated with the left leg. Do 4-5 reps on each leg.
After completing the last exercise, the child needs to relax and lie down in a calm state for a few minutes.
Gymnastics for adults
Therapeutic exercise for scoliosis in adults is also performed in a standing position on all fours, lying on the stomach, back. Beforeexercise, you need to perform a light warm-up to help warm up muscle tissue. In the starting position, standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands gently lift up on inhalation, make a broach, slowly lower down on exhalation. Repeat the exercise 5-6 times, carefully following the breath.
In the initial position, the hands are placed on the shoulders, when the body is tilted parallel to the floor, the arms are pulled forward, exhaling, fixing the position for 5 seconds, returning to the starting position, taking a deep breath. It is effective to perform a few shallow squats for a warm-up, stretching your arms forward. All exercises should be performed slowly, while maintaining even breathing.
Main Complex
After a preliminary warm-up, you can go directly to the workout. You need to start from the starting position, standing, brushes are placed on the shoulders. Slowly perform circular movements with the elbows 4 times forward and backward. It is important to keep a slow pace, avoid sudden movements.
The next exercise is performed in a standing position, alternately lowering the shoulder and pulling it back. They return to their original position. At the same time, they do not allow the rotation of the body, trying to maximize the use of the shoulder joint. The number of repetitions on each side is 5-6 times.
In the supine position, it is effective to perform “scissors” and “bike” with your feet, it is advisable to observe the minimum angle between the legs and the floor. Thus, the abdominal muscles are worked out. The duration of each exercise is 30-40 seconds,after which it is necessary to give the legs a rest for 1-2 minutes.
To strengthen the muscular corset of the lumbar region, you should perform exercises lying on your stomach.
- In the initial position, the arms are bent, palms rest on the floor at shoulder level. Slowly raise the chest, straightening the arms while inhaling, throwing the head back. The position is fixed for 5 seconds and smoothly return to the starting position, making a deep exhalation. Number of repetitions 5 times.
- Lying on your stomach, you need to raise straight legs and upper body, arching the lower back, arms stretching forward. Holding the pose, the legs are slowly spread apart, after 2 seconds they are brought together and smoothly returned to their original position. The exercise is performed in 2-3 sets of 4 times.
- In the initial position, the legs are straight, hands behind the head. At the same time, the upper body rises with arms and legs abducted to a height of 15-20 cm from the floor. The pose is held for 7-10 seconds, after which they take the initial position. Number of repetitions 6 times.
The first workouts are best done under the supervision of a specialist in order to understand the execution technique and feel the number of repetitions.
Initial stage
Therapeutic exercise for scoliosis is effective when the primary signs of the disease appear. It is completely impossible to get rid of a running form. Gymnastics only helps to correct the current state, avoiding complications. If symptoms of the disease are detected, it is recommended to perform a basic course of exercises that corrects minorcurvature, strengthens the muscular corset, improves he alth.
The execution technique does not differ from exercises for scoliosis of a more complex degree. It is important to observe the regularity of movements, to avoid increased stress on the vertebral discs, to control breathing. Proper and regular exercise will help not only get rid of the deformity, but also prevent its occurrence in the future.
Thoracic scoliosis exercises
With curvature of the spine in the upper section, special attention should be paid to breathing during training. The exercises are carried out, strictly following the instructions of the specialist. Therapeutic exercise for scoliosis of the thoracic spine is aimed at eliminating the deformity that causes compression of the sternum.
In the process of development of pathology, the respiratory organs, including the lungs, often suffer. To alleviate the painful condition, you should perform the exercise in the supine position. The hand from the side of the curvature is located along the body, the second is raised up. On exhalation, it is necessary to raise the upper body, stretching the head as much as possible. The pose is maintained for 5-7 seconds, after which they take a breath and return to their original position. The number of repetitions in the initial stage of the disease is 5-6 times. In the presence of a complex form, perform 2-3 sets, 4 repetitions each, with a break of 2 minutes.
Special occasions
Exercise therapy for S-scoliosis differs little from conventional exercises, but it is necessary to exclude all types of inclinations. In arealumbar they are able to increase the arc of curvature. Corrective gymnastics in this case includes exercises in the supine position, stomach. It is permissible to use special inclined simulators.
Therapeutic exercise for scoliosis of the 2nd degree is carried out in several main stages:
- initially perform exercises aimed at stretching the spine;
- next step is corrective training;
- muscle strengthening exercises;
- manual therapy connection;
- home improvement with orthopedic clothing, shoes, bedding.
Getting rid of an ailment is a long and complicated process in which it is important to follow all the basic rules.
Prevention
Exercise therapy for scoliosis in children and adults helps to effectively fight the disease. However, regular performance of simple gymnastic exercises will help not only to ensure the prevention of curvature, but also strengthen the body.
Parents should carefully monitor how the child sits at the table, correct his posture, explain the possible consequences of scoliosis. For preventive purposes, experts recommend regularly visiting the fresh air. Do not be superfluous to play sports, visit the pool.
