Gallbladder disease interferes with the normal functioning of the entire digestive system. In pathological conditions, the ability of this organ to produce and remove bile is reduced, the ducts are clogged, and tumors form on the tissues. Treatment of the slightest manifestations of pathologies from the gallbladder should never be postponed, since the secretion of bile is an important factor for the absorption of food. Cholekinetics are drugs that help fight a number of problems that prevent the excretion of bile. In this article, we will discuss in detail the effectiveness of these funds.
The role of bile in the human body
To understand the effects of drugs, you first need to understand the role of bile fluid in the digestive system.
Bile is a secret secreted by liver cells, with biologically active substances. A yellow-greenish liquid with a taste of bitterness enters the gallbladder and is there in reserve until a certain point. During meals, the duodenum is supplied with a supply of this secret. With its help, the breakdown of fats and their absorption. Bile stimulates the digestive processcomplete absorption of nutrients.
Under the influence of bile acids, intestinal motility increases, which prevents constipation. The biological fluid does not allow bacteria to invade the mucous membranes of this organ and develop infectious diseases.
Together with food elements, bile is partially absorbed in the intestines, and the rest leaves the body with waste products.
In order for food to be converted into the energy we need, the coordinated work of all digestive organs is required. Proper production of bile occurs only under such conditions. In the event of pathologies, obstacles are created for the normal release, passage and accumulation of secret fluid. This leads to its stagnation and, as a result, disruption of the intestines and the absorption of necessary substances.
To eliminate pathological disorders, you need to take drugs that promote the discharge of bile and restore the normal functioning of the digestive organs. Further, in general terms, we will consider the effect of the mentioned drugs and dwell on the list of cholekinetics, since they are the main topic of our article.
General characteristics of cholagogues
Cholagogue drugs enhance the formation of bile and contribute to its normal progress towards the duodenum. Thanks to such drugs, bile moves faster through the ducts, and due to this, the likelihood of cholesterol precipitation decreases, which, in turn, prevents the formation of cholelithiasis. Timely applicationcholagogue protects against infections and relieves inflammation.
Drugs are classified into groups, of which the main ones can be distinguished: cholespasmolytics, cholekinetics, choleretics and drugs that prevent the formation of stones in the gallbladder.
Classification of drugs is carried out on the basis of several principles: the chemical composition of the drugs, their pharmacological effects and the anatomical organs that are targeted for treatment with a particular drug are taken into account.
Medicines belonging to the subgroup of cholespasmolytics are prescribed to relieve pain and alleviate pathological conditions. They relieve spasms, dilate the ducts and facilitate the flow of bile.
The difference between choleretics and cholekinetics in the mechanism of their action. The former, affecting the liver, actively synthesize bile acids, thereby increasing the production of bile. The second act on the gallbladder, improving the outflow of fluid and relaxing the biliary tract.
Means that help reduce the lithogenicity index of the biological fluid, dissolve the formed stones in the gallbladder, and also prevent the appearance of new ones. The composition of such drugs contains bile acids - chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic. In addition, they are characterized by the presence of active lipid solvents, one of which is methyl tert-butyl ether.
Popular Drug List
We will try to single out from the many choleretics and cholekinetics a list of drugs that are the most popular inmedical practice.
"Allohol", "Holenzim" and "Liobil" - choleretics developed on the basis of natural animal bile.
Synthetic products of this group include: Osalmid, Nicodin and Tsikvalon. In addition to the choleretic effect, these drugs have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
The following drugs are herbal choleretic agents: Holosas, Hofitol, Berberis, Febihol, Insadol, Flamin.
Means aimed at diluting the biological fluid and normalizing its composition are called hydrocholeretics. They prevent the appearance of stones. Such a medicine is valerian and herbal preparations, which include this plant. Mineral water containing alkali has a similar effect. These are Borjomi, Essentuki 17, Narzan, Slavyanovskaya, Arzni, Smirnovskaya.
Cholekinetics include the following: Xylitol, Mannitol, Magnesia, Sorbitol, Holos, Cholemax, Berberine Sulfate, Choleritin.
Cholespasmolytics: "No-shpa", "Drotaverine", "Papaverine", "Eufillin", "Spazmolitin", "Besalol", "Mebeverine", "Atropine".
Cholespasmolytics of plant origin are tinctures of calendula, mint, elecampane, arnica, valerian, lemon balm, as well as the drug Cholagol.
The following list is medicines that have a litholytic effect. These include: Ursosan, Ursodez, Urdoksa, Ursofalk. This group of drugs is conditionally considered choleretic drugs.
Read more aboutcholekinetics
Cholekinetics are drugs that increase the tone of the gallbladder. At the same time, they relax the muscles of the biliary tract, which leads to suitable conditions for the movement of the body fluid. Thus, stagnation is prevented, the "organ-reservoir" is freed from excess bile, and it begins to enter the duodenum in a timely manner. After the use of cholekinetics, the work of the digestive system is fully adjusted.
The positive effect of biliary drugs is due to their effect on the duodenal mucosa, resulting in the release of cholecystokinin. It is a hormone responsible for gallbladder motility and stimulation of pancreatic secretion enzymes. By relaxing the sphincters of Oddi, ideal conditions are created for the breakdown of food. Bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum very quickly to promote good digestion.
Polyhydric alcohols - xylitol, sorbitol and mannitol - have effects that can cause intense contraction of the gallbladder.
According to the mechanism of action, cholekinetics are represented by two groups: drugs that cause contraction of the gallbladder (hyperkipetic drugs), and those that eliminate spasm of sphincters (cholespasmolytics). Many of these drugs combine different types of activity. Based on this, it seems reasonable to conclude that cholekinetics are antispasmodic drugs that increase the excretion of bile.
Application
There are not so many indications for the use of cholekinetics, since the treatment of the gallbladder with these drugs is carried out only under certain conditions.
In complex therapy, drugs are used for diseases of the biliary tract of a different nature. They are used for such types of examinations as duodenal sounding, x-ray and ultrasound. Cholekinetics are prescribed for problems arising from violations of the outflow of bile. The indication for the appointment of cholekinetics is:
- chronic hepatitis;
- dyskinesia;
- chronic cholecystitis;
- atony of the gallbladder.
Drugs should not be used for liver dystrophy, acute hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. And they are also contraindicated in case of excessively increased tone of the gallbladder and the presence of stones.
How to take cholekinetics correctly?
Choleretic drugs are taken for a long time. This period can vary from a month to 8 weeks. During the year, several courses of treatment are carried out, with an interval of 30-60 days.
In chronic diseases, treatment is carried out for preventive purposes until the symptoms of a particular disease disappear completely.
At the time of exacerbation, cholekinetics are prescribed in large dosages in combination with other medicines.
After the appointment of an individual dosage, the daily rate is evenly divided into 3-5 times. The distribution of the drug depends on the amount of food intake, sinceall such remedies are used only before meals. This also applies to the reception of cholekinetics. How long before meals do you need to drink these drugs? Medicines aimed at treating the gallbladder are taken half an hour before meals, as it should be washed down with water. If hunger is not satisfied in time, it will end in nausea, weakness and intestinal upset.
Effective drugs for stagnant bile
Stagnation of bile in medicine is called cholestasis. This condition comes with many he alth risks. It leads to metabolic disorders and often becomes the main cause of poor functioning of the digestive organs. A number of the following factors can contribute to this pathology: inflammatory processes in the digestive system, helminthic invasions, the formation of stones in the gallbladder, disorders of the endocrine and nervous systems.
Stagnation of bile may be preceded by a wrong lifestyle. These are bad habits, taste preferences and irregular meals.
Cholekinetics help to cope with congestion, the names of the drugs are listed below:
- Flamin.
- Berberis-Homaccord.
- Holosas.
- "Magnesium sulfate".
- Cholecystokinin.
The listed drugs are prescribed for people suffering from chronic cholecystitis, hepatitis and problems with the outflow of bile.
After the examination, the doctor may decide that you need to take medicine in the form of tablets. This form of drugs-cholekinetics well stimulatesthe work of organs associated with the production and storage of bile, and has a positive effect on the sphincters. Such effects allow bile to move freely in the right direction. Proven and well-known medicines include the following pills:
- Xylitol.
- Sorbitol.
- Kormagnesin.
- Mannitol.
The list of cholekinetic drugs includes some synthetic drugs that have a choleretic effect:
- Osalmid.
- Hydroxymethylnicotinamide.
- "Phenipentol".
All the remedies mentioned must be prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication in this case can cause great harm to other organs. For patients with diseases such as giardiasis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and hepatitis, prescriptions for drugs in the same group will be different.
Natural remedies
There is a rich list of natural cholekinetics. These include foods and medicinal herbs.
Oils obtained from medicinal plants contribute to the normal excretion of bile. With the correct use of herbal preparations, an excellent therapeutic effect is achieved.
- Oils: juniper, sunflower, coriander, olive and caraway.
- Juices: cranberry, cranberry.
- Roots of medicinal plants: rhubarb, calamus, dandelion.
- Fruits: rosehip, cumin, coriander, fennel, juniper.
- Flowers: chamomile, cornflower, immortelle, calendula.
- Herbs: shepherd's purse, wormwood, oregano, yarrow, knotweed herb and thyme.
Some of the above natural remedies can be used in their pure form, making infusions and teas from them. In pharmacies there are professionally selected collections of medicinal herbs and ready-made extracts from various parts of medicinal plants. Here are some examples of such cholekinetic drugs:
- "Holosas", "Holos", "Cholemax" - extracts obtained from rose hips.
- The immortelle extract is Flamin.
- Extracts made from barberry leaves and roots include Berberine Sulfate and Berberis-Homaccord.
Some of the herbal medicines belonging to the group of cholekinetics also have a choleretic effect.
For kids
For babies, drugs with multiple effects are usually selected. This takes into account the age and weight of the child.
The doctor may prescribe products that contain valerian, or the following drugs: Cormagnesin, Magnesium sulfate, Magnesia, Valerianahel.
Sometimes children are prescribed "Magnesium sulfate". A tube is used to administer the drug into the duodenum. Under this influence, the gallbladder contracts reflexively, and the sphincter of Oddi relaxes.
If a child needs to take choleretics, it is better to use mineral water instead.
For pregnant women
There are many industrial pharmaceuticals that can be taken during pregnancy. Treatmentmedicinal herbs with choleretic effects are not recommended. Natural cholekinetics are too active, so it is better to refrain from them. A good drug in this regard for pregnant women is Berberis-Homaccord. This is a homeopathic remedy with an antispasmodic effect, which is used for the systematic treatment of biliary tract that occurs against the background of various inflammatory processes.
Some recommendations
Some foods will help improve the outflow of bile. When preparing ordinary everyday dishes, you should always add vegetable oils. Vegetable broths and raw fruits are of great benefit. The group of such products includes the following plants:
- turmeric;
- greens;
- watermelon;
- prune;
- citrus;
- melons;
- avocado.
Natural cholekinetics are medicinal plants and foods that help with bile stasis. One of the most effective is St. John's wort. Based on it, many drugs are used to treat the liver and gallbladder. However, you can make a decoction from it at home. One tablespoon of dry grass is poured into a glass of boiled water and boiled over low heat. Take 30 minutes before meals ½ cup.
The attending physician should choose the right diet. Experts advise during treatment to lead a mobile lifestyle, do not overeat, drink medicinal teas and take prescribed medications regularly.
Ifto start following all the necessary recommendations as soon as the disease has made itself felt, this will not only contribute to a quick recovery, but also prevent further manifestations of the same nature.
In closing
The review of medicines leads to the fact that each of them should be taken only for its intended purpose. Otherwise, you can cause irreparable harm to he alth. Specialists-pharmacists have already taken care of their classification during the development of drugs. In addition, there are many experienced doctors who will always help you choose the right remedy.
