Diuretics, which act on the part of the nephron that connects the proximal and distal tubules, are called "loop diuretics". They affect the filtering ability of the kidneys, allowing the body to dispose of fluids and s alts.
Such drugs have a fast and strong diuretic effect, they do not form the prerequisites for the onset of diabetes, and also do not affect cholesterol and are medium-power medicines.
Adverse reactions are considered a big minus of such drugs. Loop diuretics are a type of diuretic that target the functioning of the kidney nephron.
When should I take my medication?
Main usesloop diuretics are the following states:
- Puffiness caused by excess sodium in the body.
- High blood pressure.
- Heart disease.
- Increased levels of calcium and potassium in the blood.
- Kidney damage.
Contraindications
Medical experts note the following prohibitions on the use of loop diuretics:
- No urine flow to the bladder.
- Pregnancy.
- A pathological condition that leads to a violation of the frequency, as well as the rhythm and sequence of excitation and contraction of the heart.
- Allergy.
- Deterioration of blood microcirculation.
- Lactation.
How do they work?
Loop diuretics start working after 30 minutes. The spectrum of action of diuretic drugs is based on the relaxation of blood vessels and increased renal blood flow, the drugs improve the connection of prostaglandins in capillary endothelial cells.
Drugs begin to work after about 30-60 minutes, and finish after about six hours. Loop diuretics cause disturbances in the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron and increase glomerular filtration.
In addition, the mechanism of action of loop diuretics is to reduce the reverse absorption of chloride and sodium ions, and inhibition of magnesium absorption occurs in the nephron, thereby increasing the volume of its joint excretion with urine.
Loop diuretic drugs affect renal blood flow. ExceptIn addition, they reduce cardiac workload, as well as venous tone and increase urine volume.
What drugs do loop diuretics interact with?
Such diuretics should not be combined with anti-inflammatory, as well as antidiabetic and other medicines.
A patient who has started using a loop diuretic should pay attention to its compatibility with other drug groups. Most combinations have certain restrictions and provoke a negative action:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs greatly reduce the effects of loop diuretics.
- Blood thinners can cause bleeding.
- Digitalis, which is considered a medicinal plant, can affect the rhythm of the heart.
- Lithium drugs cause vomiting and diarrhea.
- "Probenecid" reduces the effects of loop diuretics.
- "Inderal" slows down the heartbeat.
- Anti-diabetic drugs provoke a decrease in blood sugar.
Which drugs - loop or thiazide diuretics - are best to take?
The thiazide group of drugs is considered the most benign. In most cases, these drugs are prescribed to patients who have slight deviations in the functioning of the kidneys, as well as the liver and other organs. Loop and other diuretics are prohibited in these cases. The disadvantages are weak clinical pharmacology, a person has to go through a longcourse of therapy for the elimination of hypertension. Loop diuretics can speed up the healing process, but not everyone is allowed to take them.
Adverse reactions
There are a number of negative phenomena:
- Dehydration (gradual dehydration of the body, that is, loss of fluid, as a result of which a fatal outcome for the patient may occur).
- Decrease in blood chloride levels.
- Decrease in insulin production.
Loop diuretics drug list
The fastest acting drugs are:
- "Britomar" is a tablet with a diuretic effect, the amount of active ingredient in which is 5 or 1 mg. You can use the drug at any time convenient for a person, regardless of the meal. Use a diuretic in the event of edema in heart disease should be 10-20 mg once a day. If swelling occurs due to kidney disease, it is recommended to take 20 mg once a day. If edema appeared with liver disease, then experts prescribe 5-10 mg per day (together with other drugs). For high blood pressure - 5 mg per day.
- "Furosemide" is sold both in tablet form (40 mg) and as a solution for injections (10 mg). Orally, the drug is taken in the morning, starting with 40 mg per day, if necessary, the daily dosage is increased to 160 mg. The positive effect appears after half an hour and lasts up to 4 hours. Solutionit is used both intramuscularly and intravenously at 20-40 mg per day and begins to act after 4 minutes.
- "Ethacrynic acid" is produced in tablet form and in solution. Orally, the drug begins to be consumed with a dosage of 50 mg, gradually increasing the concentration of the drug (if necessary). Intravenously (to achieve the most rapid effect) appoint 50 mg. Positive effects can be seen in about 30 minutes and can last up to eight hours.
In addition, loop diuretics are:
- "Bufenox".
- "Diuver".
- "Lasix".
These drugs will be discussed in more detail below.
Bufenox
The drug is available in the form of tablets (1 mg) and solution for injections (0.025%). Tablets should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach, 1 piece for five days, and then two pieces for another three days.
The solution is applied either intravenously or intramuscularly, at 0.5-1.5 mg, injections can be done approximately every four to eight hours. The duration of treatment is four days. Positive action occurs within two hours.
As a prophylactic measure, a diet enriched with potassium is prescribed to prevent hypokalemia. Patients who receive large doses of Bufenox should not be restricted in order to avoid the occurrence of hyponatremia and hypochloremic alkalosiss alt into the body. People with kidney failure are more likely to experience fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
During therapy, it is necessary to regularly monitor the content of plasma electrolytes, as well as residual nitrogen. If azotemia and oliguria occur or increase in people with severe progressive kidney damage, Bumetanide should be suspended.
In addition, special care should be taken when drinking alcohol, as well as when standing for a long time or exercising, in case of heat and a sharp transition to a vertical position from lying down due to increased orthostatic hypotensive effects.
Diuver
The drug is included in the list of loop diuretic drugs. "Diuver" is a tablet with a dosage of 5 and 10 mg. With various edema, the medicine should be used at 5 mg once a day, if necessary, increasing the dose to 40 mg. For high blood pressure, take half a tablet (2.5 mg) once daily.
High concentrations of Diuver over a long period of time increase the likelihood of hypokalemia, as well as hyponatremia and metabolic alkalosis, and therefore diet should be followed.
The selection of the correct dosage of the drug for patients with ascites, which appeared as a result of cirrhosis of the liver, must be carried out in a medical institution. In addition, these patients should constantlycontrol the level of electrolytes in the blood plasma.
Urine and blood glucose levels should be checked frequently in people with diabetes. Due to the likelihood of acute urinary retention, diuresis should be monitored in patients who have narrowing of the ureters and prostatic hyperplasia, as well as in patients who are unconscious.
Lasix
The drug is produced in the form of a solution for injection and tablets. The solution is infused intravenously. With edema, the drug is prescribed in an amount of 20-40 mg per day, with pulmonary edema - 40 mg. For high blood pressure - 80 mg per day (two doses). For high blood pressure - 80 mg per day (two doses). The diuretic begins to "work" two hours after consumption.
Before starting loop diuretic therapy, a person should be evaluated for impaired renal function, especially if daily urine output is severely reduced. The fact is that the mechanism of loop diuretics is based on the relaxation of blood vessels and increased renal blood flow.
During drug treatment, it is also necessary to control the functioning of vital organs, especially if the patient is forced to use Lasix in high concentrations. Unauthorized increase in dosage can lead to symptoms of poisoning and severe hypovolemia.
