According to statistics, cases of oncology and dysplastic processes in the chest area are recorded every year in the world. In the first place according to WHO is sternum cancer in women. The number of deaths from this pathology is very high. This is due to the late detection of cancer. According to doctors, deaths could have been avoided if population screening (preventive examination) had been carried out massively and regularly.
Scientifically proven risk factors
The hypothesis about the development of breast oncology is based on the theory and practice of numerous factors in its development. These include:
- female age - 50-55 years. American experts have found that this category of people is much more likely to have this disease;
- exposure to radiation waves after receiving radiation therapy (in the sternum) or living in hazardous areas;
- overweight (obesity);
- genetic mutation;
- family history - blood relatives already had breast cancer;
-late menopause, after age 55;
- earlier onset of menstruation (earlier than 12 years old);
- HRT (hormone replacement therapy) after menopause;
- the risk group includes women who gave birth for the first time after the age of 35;
- alcohol abuse;
- comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypertension.
One of the most dangerous precancerous diseases doctors consider fibrocystic mastopathy. Breast cancer in women can be detected at an early stage of its development with the help of mammography, MRI and ultrasound. Also, regular self-examination will help to detect early pathological changes and prevent metastases.
Tumor types
There are several forms of breast cancer: diffuse and nodular. The second form is diagnosed much easier by the presence of a characteristic clinical picture. The most common signs include the following changes: nodular lumps that may shift, retract, and shrivel.
In the diffuse form, there is an increase in temperature for no apparent reason, swelling, thickening, redness of the skin and a pronounced vascular network around the areola of the nipple. Requires careful diagnosis and monitoring of detected breast cancer in women.
Symptoms of breast cancer
All the signs described below do not always indicate the presence of dysplastic processes. In other diseases, such symptoms are also characteristic (swelling of the ribs, Paget's cancer). Any change should encourage you tofull examination. A timely appeal to an oncologist-mammologist will prevent serious consequences. You should see a doctor if:
- on palpation, there is a displacement of the site (violation of the contour of the chest);
- detection of a bumpy shape with fuzzy contours near the nipple or armpits;
- change in the structure of the skin, there is swelling and the effect of "lemon peel";
- when examined by a doctor, tightening of the subcutaneous tissue is determined;
- nipple retraction;
- peeling, irritation and redness of the nipple;
- swelling of the mammary gland;
- the formation of ulcers (indicates an advanced stage);
- signs of deformation;
- swollen lymph nodes.
In difficult situations, the doctor resorts to additional diagnostic techniques to understand the stage of breast cancer in women: MRI, biopsy, thermography and ultrasound.
How to treat?
Malignant tumors of the sternum are more often subject to surgical intervention. Much depends on the location of the tumor, the result of histological examination, the degree of germination and size. When setting an alarming prognosis with metastases, the doctor removes breast cancer in women.
The operation is aimed at excision of a cancerous tumor within the layer of tissue formation or removal of the mammary gland. But before such a difficult step, the doctor will try all the methods to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy is givenhormonal and radiation therapy.
The first, second and third stages of oncology are subject only to surgical intervention to prevent recurrence. The fourth form is the most dangerous, not amenable to therapeutic measures. Remember, breast cancer in women remains the most common and understudied problem. It does not have exactly the same etiological base.
