Condylomas are benign epithelial formations on the skin generated by the human papillomavirus. Growths can be single or numerous, placed on the skin or on the mucous layers. It was noted that most of the formation of warts occurs in protected areas prone to moisture and ingress of dermatological and mucous secretions (inguinal folds, corners of the mouth, sexual organs, armpits). There are wide warts with syphilis.
Despite their wide distribution, condylomas have been little studied, and data on them are unsystematic and paradoxical. Being harmless, these formations form only aesthetic discomfort, which, as a rule, becomes the main factor in contacting a doctor. But it is impossible to ignore the fact that benign creatures in some cases are reborn as a source of cancer. This circumstance itself, as well as the almost global prevalencepapillomavirus require the closest interest of scientists and force them to find effective methods of treatment. In particular, work is constantly being done to create an appropriate vaccine.
Risk factors for infection with condylomas lata
This virus is widely known and has a high degree of contagiousness. More than fifty percent of sexually active people are carriers of one or more strains of the virus, which causes wide warts. Once in the human body, HPV radically changes the nature of tissue growth, which provokes diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. There are more than 100 types of HPV, and each stimulates a variety of diseases, including precancerous ones.
Main reasons
The reasons that increase the risk of infection with wide condylomas in men on the head and in women on the small lips include:
- past STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes, candidiasis, etc.);
- free sexual behavior (infection with frequent replacement of sexual partners through a partner who had previously had sexual intercourse with an HPV carrier);
- internal factors of the body (lowered immunity, lack of vitamins, tendency to stress);
- pregnancy;
- vaginal dysbacteriosis.
How an infection develops
The formation of HPV infection is determined by the state of the body's immune interactions. Depending on this, more likely options for the formation of papillomavirusinfections are considered:
- self-healing, regression of genital warts (in particular, those that occurred during pregnancy);
- lack of any dynamics for an extended period of time;
- gradual or rapid growth of genital warts (increase in volume, quantity);
- malignant modification of genital warts.
What do strains mean
Mid- and high-risk HPV strains promote cervical dysplasia and increase the risk of cervical cancer, but do not stimulate broad warts. Low-risk HPV strains cause the latter, but do not stimulate cervical dysplasia. Girls infected with high-risk HPV are required to constantly undergo a study (oncocytology) in order to promptly detect cervical dysplasia.
With a complicated form of the formation of anogenital warts, their damage and infection can occur, hemophilia can be noticed. In addition, genital warts interfere with normal sexual life and traditional childbirth, stimulate a feeling of emotional discomfort due to the presence of a cosmetic defect.
Pathogenesis and manifestation
Papillomavirus infection passes from person to person, while it is possible to get sick with several types of papillomavirus at the same time. HPV lives in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes. For a long time, an infectious disease can go unnoticed (latently). Enough virus must accumulate in the cells tofor clinical signs of infection to appear. The reproduction of HPV and its amount in the body depend on the degree of immune protection. Under the influence of various conditions that reduce immunity, the microbe is activated, its reproduction and the formation of skin manifestations.
After entering the body, the virus infects epithelial cells. In an infected cell, the microbe is able to stay in 2 forms: episomal and introsomal-integrated.
With a latent course, the infection passes in an episomal form, without provoking painful changes in cells and without initiating clinical manifestations.
Having multiplied in huge numbers, HPV changes the growth and formation of epithelial cells. They are taken intensively and freely to divide, an increase in the area of the skin or mucous membrane and the formation of a wide condyloma occurs. There may be several of them, and in some cases dozens. Anogenital warts often appear instantly, less often - for a couple of days.
Wide warts in men on the head and foreskin appear most often, less often - on other parts of the penis. The occurrence of condylomas in the urethra gives rise to unpleasant feelings, difficult urination, spraying of the urine stream. As for women, wide condylomas occur more on the outside of the genital organs. Rarely inside. You can determine them when examined by a gynecologist. The use of condoms reduces the risk of infection to sexual partners.
It is impossible to completely cure HPV - it is only possible to remove broadwarts, alleviating the patient's condition and reducing the risk of infection of the sexual partner.
There are a number of ways to cure these warts. Without exception, they all have specific disadvantages.
Cryodestruction
Cryodestruction is one of the most commonly used methods of curing syphilis on the penis, and hence the elimination of genital warts. The affected surface is treated with liquid nitrogen using a cotton swab or spray. The treatment is repeated every 1-2 weeks until the absolute removal of all genital warts. The method rarely leads to scarring, it has a low price. Cryosurgery can cause severe pain. It is not always possible to treat the entire affected surface at once. In some cases, after cryodestruction, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation may be observed.
Diathermocoagulation
Diathermocoagulation is considered a painful way to cure syphilis on the penis and leaves behind strong scars. For this reason, it is only used to remove single warts.
Laser
Laser removal of wide warts in women on small lips is done using carbon dioxide and neodymium YAG lasers. After removal, scars may appear.
Pharmaceutical treatment
"Kondilin" - 0.5% mixture in bottles of 3.5 milliliters with an applicator. Its active substance is more intense in the composition of the plant extract of podophyllin. With localusing it leads to necrosis and destruction of wide condylomas. The advantage of this method of treatment lies in the fact that the patient can independently treat the affected areas of the skin in accessible places. With a plastic applicator, the medication is applied to condyloma; over time, all condylomas are wetted, but no more than 50 pieces at a time (no more than 10 cm in the area). The medication must be applied with caution, avoiding he althy areas of the skin. The first time the treatment is performed by a doctor or a nurse, teaching the patient to correctly apply the medication. After treatment, it must dry so that there is no irritation of the nearby skin or its ulceration. "Condilin" is applied 2 times a day for 3 days, and then a 4-day pause is made. The duration of treatment should not exceed 5 weeks. Contraindications: lactation, childhood, use of other substances, including podophyllin.
"Solcoderm" is a preparation, which includes a number of acids: 65% - nitric, 98% - acetic, as well as lactic and oxalic acids and copper nitrate. It is produced in the form of a solution (0.2 milliliters in each ampoule). When it is applied to the plane of the skin, the latter turns yellowish, after which the treated areas are mummified. Processing may only be carried out by qualified medical personnel. The medication is applied to the plane using a glass capillary or applicator, then it must dry. Allowed at oncetreatment of the site is not more than 4–5 cm. If necessary, it can be done again - in a month. The application of the substance is sometimes accompanied by severe burning and pain, in some cases hyperpigmentation appears and scars form.
Interferon preparations are injected directly into warts. This is a painful process that requires secondary processing.
Trichloroacetic acid of saturated concentration is superimposed directly on the growths. The rest of it is removed with talcum powder. If necessary, therapy is repeated with an interval of 1 week. If condylomas remain after 6-fold treatment, the method of treatment should be changed.
Complications and consequences
Wide warts with secondary syphilis and specific circumstances (decrease in local and / or general immunity, infection with sexually transmitted diseases, etc.) can increase in number and size, thereby significantly reducing the quality of human life complicating his sexual relations. They can also become inflamed (fester), ulcerate (ulcers can form in their area) from prolonged automatic exposure to them. Rarely, warts can lead to penile cancer.
