Hyperkinesis is a very serious disease that manifests itself in the form of spontaneous tics, movements and convulsions of certain muscle groups that a person cannot control. There are many varieties of presented states. Despite the fact that it is unlikely that it will be possible to completely cure the pathology, therapy should be carried out to make life easier for the patient.
Characteristics of pathology
It should be noted that hyperkinesis is a twitching not only of the arms and legs, but also of the shoulders, eyelids, facial muscles and the whole body as a whole. A feature of the disease is that it can significantly limit the movement of a person, disrupt his gait, and make self-care impossible.
Spontaneous movements are usually unnatural. The disease can be congenital or acquired. The focus of the lesion is the thalamus, cerebellum, midbrain. Movements can also occur due to poor communication between the cortex and subcortex of the brain. It should be noted that the manifestations of pathology intensify with an emotional outburst, while during sleep the intensity of movements slows down. And the symptomatology of the disease does not depend on the localization of the process. That is, even with the defeat of the same part of the brain, the symptoms can be different. As for the severity of the pathology, it depends on how extensive the affected area is.
Causes of disease development
Hyperkinesis is a complex pathology that can be triggered by many factors. Among the causes of the disease, the following can be distinguished:
- organic and neoplastic lesions of the brain;
- encephalitis (rheumatic, epidemic, tick-borne);
- head injury;
- severe intoxication of the body and damage to its systems (lymphatic, vascular);
- cerebral hemorrhage;
- epilepsy;
-heredity;
- medicines.
Hyperkinesis is a disease that in some cases occurs due to improper functioning of the peripheral nervous system.
Symptoms of hyperkinesis
In principle, it is more than obvious. Although each type of this disease has its own specific features. However, there are also common symptoms:
- arbitrary movements of arms, legs or other parts of the body;
- during walking, other movement, emotional or nervous tension, the manifestations of pathology intensify;
- pronounced trembling of the body or its parts;
- there is the possibility of reducing the intensity or complete cessationattack through pain, change of posture;
- absence of cramps, tics and trembling during rest (sleep).
If hyperkinesia is diagnosed, the symptoms will help determine its type and prescribe appropriate therapy.
Features of the development of pathology in children
A child is most often diagnosed with tic hyperkinesis. Naturally, its manifestations may be different. It should be noted that the movements of body parts during an attack do not differ in any unnaturalness, but their feature is involuntariness. The most common form of pathology is the tic of the muscles of the face, which manifests itself in frequent blinking of the eyelids, sniffing, smacking and the appearance of a grin.
No less often, hyperkinesis in children is manifested by tics of arms and legs. Sometimes the pathology can manifest itself in a complex way in the uncontrolled involuntary movement of muscles throughout the body.
The reason for the manifestation of the disease in babies can also be brain damage. However, infectious processes in the body, fear, nervous tension, emotional, psychological or physical trauma are also not excluded. It should be noted that those movements that the child repeats too often, even if they are involuntary, soon become a habit and may appear already in adulthood. Naturally, pathology requires serious intervention of pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists.
Hyperkinesis in children should be treated as soon as the first symptoms appear. For this, doctors may prescribe sedatives. In addition, the child should be protected from stress, nervous situations. Try to walk with him in the fresh air as much as possible, observe the daily routine. Give your child a nutritious diet. Do not scold, punish or shame the baby because of his problem. Try to be patient and surround him with love, care and your support.
Diagnosis of pathology
In order to find out what type of hyperkinesis you are dealing with, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination, which includes the following procedures:
- electrocardiogram;
- Ultrasound of all main and other large blood vessels, capillaroscopy;
- neurological and somatic examination;
- electroencephalogram;
- examination by a psychologist using various diagnostic techniques;
- consultation with a rehabilitation specialist who will determine how ready the vascular system is to adapt to emotional and physical stress.
Types of hyperkinesis
There are many types of involuntary movements, which are classified according to the location of the lesion, clinical manifestations, duration of attacks, their frequency, emotional accompaniment. There are several large groups of hyperkinesis, which, in turn, can be divided into subspecies:
1. Tiki. They are characterized by involuntary and stereotypical movements that are not unnatural. Strengthening the tic is due to emotional excitement. After diverting attention from the stimulus, an attackdisappears.
2. Tremor. It is characterized by trembling of the whole body or parts of it. Most often, the disease manifests itself in small movements of the head, hands and fingers.
3. Choreic hyperkinesia. It manifests itself in the fact that a person’s legs and arms twitch at the same time, and the movements are very impetuous, chaotic. Postures are not natural. Rheumatism, as well as hereditary degenerative pathologies, can provoke such a situation.
4. Facial blepharospasms, paraspasms and hemispasms. This type of pathology is represented by smooth or sharp twitches of mimic muscles.
5. Torsion spasm. Movements with it are arrhythmic, tonic, unnatural. In this case, a person has a restriction in movement and self-service.
These types of hyperkinesis are the main ones and can be divided into many subspecies.
Treatment of pathology
Elimination of the pathology is carried out with the help of medicines and physiotherapy procedures. As for drugs, the most commonly used drugs are Phenazepam, Romparkin, Triftazin, Dinezin, Haloperidol. Naturally, medicines are also needed that will promote normal blood circulation and nutrition of the brain.
An important element of treatment is a diet, which should include vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and other foods filled with elements important for the body. The patient should take relaxing baths, undergo physiotherapy exercises. Besides,Orthopedic services may be needed.
In especially severe cases, surgical intervention is used.
Forecast
If you are diagnosed with hyperkinesis, treatment should be done in courses with breaks in between. As for any prognosis, with appropriate therapy, the patient can lead a completely normal life. Properly prescribed drugs help reduce the number and intensity of seizures. Although not always the disease can be completely eliminated.
