Sinusitis in most cases is of a bacterial nature, so antibiotics are primarily prescribed in the treatment. Their use is possible only in combination with other methods listed below.
Signs
Symptoms and signs of sinusitis in adults is the occurrence of pain in the nose and around the nasal area, which increase over time. Less pronounced in the morning, increase in the evening. Then the patient begins to have a headache. If the process is one-sided, then pain is noted on one side.
The tone of the patient's voice becomes hoarse, the nose is blocked, breathing through it is difficult. Alternate congestion of the right and left halves of the nose is likely. The patient is also regularly tormented by rhinitis. There is mucous (colorless) or purulent (yellowish, green) discharge from the nose. This sign may not be present if the nose is very stuffy.
The patients have a fever: in some cases it reaches 38 degrees, and sometimes higher. A similar temperature occurs in people who are sick with acute sinusitis. When the course is chronic, then high temperature occurs extremely rarely. Patients feel a painful condition, which is manifested by fatigue, depression, sickrefuse to eat, sleep is disturbed.
Protected aminopenicillins
Antibiotics for home treatment of signs of sinusitis in adults can be divided into four groups. Protected aminopenicillins are synthetically created penicillins, often combined with sulbactam or clavulonic acid. These substances reduce or neutralize the resistance of microorganisms to penicillin, due to which the antibiotic in its pure form does not act on the pathogen. The following drugs show the greatest effect against sinusitis:
- "Ampisid";
- "Libakcil";
- "Unazin";
- "Sultasin";
- "Sulbacin";
- "Sulacillin";
- "Sultamicillin" (ampicillin sulbactamates);
- "Amoxiclav";
- "Ecoclave";
- "Rapiclav";
- "Flemoclav";
- "Panklav";
- "Augmentin" (amoxicillin clavulonates).
Protected penicillins act by targeting the cell wall of the pathogen. They do not destroy the cells of the human body. But the disadvantages of this group of drugs is that when they are used, allergies, digestive disorders and fungal infections often appear.
The need for frequent medication (3-4 times a day) is also a disadvantage of penicillins.
Macrolides
The difference between macrolides andpenicillins - in that they do not destroy the cell of the pathogen. They have a bacteriostatic (do not allow to multiply) effect. This property allows the use of macrolides in the treatment of signs of sinusitis in adults with a chronic form.
When treated with macrolides, they remain in the tissues for a long time, so they are taken 1-2 times a day, which is also an advantage of this group of drugs. Frequently prescribed macrolides:
- "Erythromycin";
- "Roxithromycin";
- "Clarithromycin";
- "Azithromycin" and its analogues;
- "Midecamycin";
- "Spiramycin";
- "Josamycin".
Cephalosporins
The largest group of antibiotics, spanning five generations. Pathogens do not have resistance against this group of antibiotics, but the disadvantages of cephalosporins are the frequent occurrence of allergies to them and a high percentage of side effects, especially from the digestive tract.
In addition, the drugs in this group are mostly used parenterally. Cephalosporins are divided as follows:
- 1 generation - "Cefazolin", "Cefalexin";
- 2 generation - "Cefuroxime", "Cefoxitin";
- 3 generation - "Cefixime", "Ceftriaxone";
- 4 generation - "Cefpirom", "Cefepim";
- 5 generation – Ceftobipro.
Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are synthetically created substancescomposition that has no analogues in nature, which allows them to have the widest spectrum of antibacterial action. But the artificiality of these drugs is the reason for the frequent development of allergies and severe side effects from all body systems.
For children, pregnant and lactating women, preparations of the fluoroquinolone group are categorically contraindicated. Fluoroquinolones are divided into:
- 1 generation - Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin;
- 2 generation - "Ciprofloxacin", "Norfloxacin";
- 3 generation - Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin;
- 4 generation - Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin.
The doctor prescribes the most suitable antibiotic for treatment based on the history of the disease, the characteristics of its course. A smear of the nasal mucosa, which can identify a specific pathogen, will help you select the drug as accurately as possible.
Drops
Home treatment for signs of sinusitis in children and adults is carried out using sprays. All drops (sprays) are divided into groups:
- Vasoconstrictor. They relieve swelling, help relieve inflammation, remove pus and mucus from the maxillary sinuses. They work for a short time (3-4 hours). Use for more than 7 days is not recommended, as addiction occurs and the effect decreases. Antibacterial - when using this drug, a lethal effect on the infection occurs, stopping its reproduction. There is a removal of swelling of the nasal cavity, and the nasal passages are cleared. A small percentage of the likelihood of an allergy todrug.
- Hormonal. They have anti-allergic ingredients. Often used for seasonal diseases. Help relieve swelling, sneezing.
- Vegetable. Medicines based on natural oils contribute to mild treatment, but are not recommended for allergic diseases.
- Homeopathic. They are used for congestion of the nasal cavity caused by viruses, infections, allergies of various kinds. Treatment with these drugs takes longer.
- Combined. Thanks to the combined action of all the above drugs, an excellent and high-quality effect is achieved in the treatment and prevention of this disease.
- Antiviral and copying immunity. They help to increase the body's immunity and help cure this terrible disease.
Flushing
There are several ways. The first method (the simplest) is the flow method. You can prepare a solution with the help of medicines or various kinds of herbs. The plan of action is as follows: bend over the sink. Turn your head to the side so that the unblocked nostril is at the top. In order not to damage the mucous membrane, the syringe must be injected smoothly and shallowly. The liquid should flow at low pressure into a nostril free of mucus, and pour out of the other. Then we turn our head in the opposite direction and do the same. After the procedure, you need to blow your nose. It is not recommended to go outside for several hours - you can get sick. It's best to go to bed, relax and put underpillow head.
The second way is “cuckoo”. In the office, the patient is being drained of pus and mucus from the nose:
- the doctor inserts a device called a suction aspirator into the first nostril;
- a vacuum is created in the nasal cavity, the medicine flows through the nasal passages at a fast pace;
- when filling the sinuses with fluid, a person says the word "cuckoo".
Also, other means are used to wash the nose: these are “Dolphin” and “Furacilin”. "Dolphin" - a drug that contains minerals and plant substances. The following properties have been assigned to the drug: providing an antiseptic effect; killing microbes; restoration of the nasal mucosa; increasing the body's defenses. Appointed for 11 weeks. Patients need to wash their nose 1-3 times a day at home.
"Furacilin" is used when cleaning the sinuses, removes pus, mucus. It is recommended to use drugs with antimicrobial properties with this medicine.
Inhalations
The principle of operation of the nebulizer is the spraying of a substance, the composition of which is selected individually for each person. Due to the simplicity of the technical component of the device, even a child can use it. The kit includes a special nozzle of two components. With the help of spraying, the medicine quickly gets to the affected area. Due to this, the treatment takes much less time. The device can be used at home - this gives a huge advantage.
Only a doctor prescribes the dosage. Can sinusitis be treated?saline, no medicinal solutions. Saline solution with the help of the device cleans the nasal cavities, removes accumulations and deposits. Recovery comes extraordinarily quickly.
It is necessary to carry out procedures with a nebulizer no earlier than two hours after exercise. Breathing should be even and slow. It is possible to create your own medicinal composition, which may contain various herbs, honey, essential oil, infusion. Before the procedure, the nose must be washed. Classes are held several times a day for 3-5 minutes. If you complete the full course of treatment - about 7 days, then this will give a tremendous and fast result.
Folk recipes
There are many ways to treat the first signs of sinusitis in adults at home - here are some of them.
Sea s alt - has tremendous benefits in the early stages of the disease. Rinsing the nose with a solution of warm water and sea s alt kills a huge amount of bacteria in the nasal cavity. Substances should be put 1/3 tablespoon, no more. It is necessary to completely dissolve the s alt in water, otherwise you can damage the soft mucous membrane with crystals. The required water temperature is 39-41 degrees Celsius.
How to interfere?
- For adults: 1 teaspoon per half liter of non-hot boiled water.
- For babies: 1 teaspoon per liter of warm liquid.
Thuja oil has a healing effect. Elements of thuja needles can remove intestinal disorders, increase the body's defenses. The essential oil has regenerative properties in the treatmentnasopharynx, lungs.
Also, sinusitis is treated with cyclamen juice. It perfectly fights with various deposits and mucus in the nasopharynx. But there is one minus - the juice of the plant can cause allergies! Propolis should be instilled into the nose: take 20% propolis tincture and mix with vegetable oil 50 to 50.
Horseradish root. It is washed, cleaned and rubbed on a grater. 1/3 measuring cup. Then it is mixed with the juice of three lemons. Take every day in the morning - 0.5 teaspoon half an hour before meals. The recovery period is 4 months. 2 courses of treatment per year are required. In a couple of years you won't remember what sinusitis is!
Yamik catheter
Yamik therapy is a non-surgical treatment of inflamed paranasal sinuses. A special sinus catheter is used to perform the procedure.
Therapy must be carried out by a doctor, you cannot enter the system yourself, as this can aggravate your he alth.
Indications for the use of this method is the presence of such diseases:
- sinusitis and their exacerbations;
- sinusitis;
- chronic inflammatory diseases of the maxillary sinuses.
Contraindications:
- presence of adenoids;
- presence of polyps;
- blood diseases;
- preschool age.
Features of the procedure
There are three main stages:
- Preparatory stage. The equipment used is checked, processedantiseptic substances. Local anesthesia is used to prevent the patient from experiencing pain. Vasoconstrictor drugs are used to narrow the vessels.
- The main stage. The catheter is inserted into the nasal cavity. After installing a special balloon with a syringe, pressure is created. What contributes to the release of purulent masses through the tubes of the system.
- The final stage. The patient is laid on his side, after which the drug is injected into the sinus. The design is removed from the nasal passages. After the therapy, after a certain time, a control diagnosis is carried out. This method is the safest and most effective in the treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis of various etiologies.
Balloon sinusoplasty
Balloon sinusoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. This technique consists in conducting a special balloon into the nasal space. Indications for plastic surgery are the presence of the following diseases:
- Sinusitis of various etiologies.
- Frontitis, sinusitis.
Let's consider the features of the procedure:
- Preparatory stage. Conducting endoscopic examination and examination of the sinuses of the nasal cavity for surgical intervention, determining the focus of inflammation. Preparation of an individual system for plastic surgery, its antiseptic treatment.
- The main stage. Local anesthesia is administered, after whicha special balloon in the nasal passages. Under the pressure of the syringe, it swells, thereby expanding the sinuses. This action promotes drainage of the inflamed area.
- The final stage. The balloon is deflated and the system is carefully removed, after which drugs are injected, and the sinus itself remains prepared for expanding the area of purulent masses and removing the contents using an endoscopic device.
The advantage of using this method:
- Reduce damage to the nasal cavity.
- Exclusion of bleeding during manipulation.
- Fast recovery period.
- Prevention of complications.
- Efficiency in the procedure.
- Permanent endoscopic control.
