There are several types of malocclusion. Rare teeth are the most common. It is characterized by the presence of very wide gaps between dental units. At the same time, externally chewing structures are similar to a comb with sparse teeth. This pathological condition cannot be ignored, as it can lead to the development of dangerous complications. Currently, there are several methods for treating rare teeth (a photo of the defect is presented below). The feasibility of using one or another method is evaluated by the orthodontist.
Causes and consequences
The “culprit” of the pathology is the genetic factor. Large distances between chewing units are already noticeable at the stage of eruption of milk teeth. In extremely rare cases, the pathology develops against the background of the progression of dental diseases.
Rare human teeth are not only unaesthetic, but also dangerous to he alth. Initially, psycho-emotional instability appears. It is due to the complexes that have arisen and reducedself-esteem.
In addition, rare teeth are the cause of the following pathological conditions:
- Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Wide gaps between dental units do not allow you to chew food well. As a result, food enters the stomach in an insufficiently processed form. A natural consequence is a violation of digestion.
- Teeth falling out. Chewing units located far from each other are characterized by increased fragility. In addition, they are extremely vulnerable to any external influences.
- Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. In the presence of large gaps between the teeth, soft tissues also become more vulnerable to external influences. They are easily injured, and when pathogenic microorganisms enter the oral cavity, an inflammatory process develops.
In order to prevent the development of complications and make a perfect smile, you need to contact an orthodontist. Only a doctor can provide information on how to fix rare teeth on a case-by-case basis.
Diagnosis
After the examination, the orthodontist will refer the patient for a comprehensive examination. Based on its results, the doctor will be able to make a decision on what to do with the rare teeth of the person who turned to him.
Diagnosis may include the following tests:
- Orthopantomogram. This is a three-dimensional shot of the jaws.
- X-ray examination.
- Computer diagnostics. The method is consideredmost accurate and informative. It allows you to evaluate both the structure of the jaw and the position of the teeth.
Based on the results of the diagnosis, the orthodontist will select the most effective way to treat rare teeth. It is important to understand that it is impossible to correct the genetic factor, however, doctors are able to mask the defect in such a way that the patient's smile is perfect. Contrary to popular belief, if adults have rare teeth, braces are powerless. This method of bite correction is not used if a person has large distances between the teeth.
Dental implants
The technique is the most radical. The essence of the procedure is to replace rare dental units with prostheses. The latter are screwed into the jaw using a titanium pin imitating the root of a tooth.
The main advantage of implants is that they are as similar as possible to natural chewing units and fully perform the functions of the latter. As a result, food is chewed with high quality, the load between the teeth is distributed evenly. As a result, the process of forming the correct bite starts.
In addition, implanted teeth are permanent. In other words, they do not need to be removed and taken care of separately.
Dental implantation is contraindicated in patients with type II diabetes, HIV, hepatitis and severe heart disease.
Bridge placement
The use of a fixed orthodontic structure is a moderna way to fill wide gaps in the dentition.
In order for the prosthesis to be securely fixed, it is necessary to have supporting dental units. It is on them that the whole structure is attached.
The best option is to make a bridge from cermet. The service life of such a design is 7 years or more. At the same time, the bridge retains its original shade and does not differ from adjacent natural teeth.
Contraindications for installing a prosthesis on sparse teeth:
- Acute periodontitis.
- Parafunctions of masticatory muscles.
- Insufficient height of abutment teeth.
If there are absolute contraindications, the doctor decides on the advisability of using a different method of treatment.
Filling
Currently one of the most affordable ways to treat rare teeth. Its widespread use is due to its low cost and ease of execution.
The essence of the method is as follows: fillings of the same color as natural chewing units are applied to the teeth. The procedure is considered jewelry, as the doctor needs to literally mold new bone structures. As a result, the teeth become wider, and the gaps between them disappear. Only a specialist can visually distinguish fillings from natural dental units.
In the process of the procedure, orthodontists use only high quality materials. They are ceramics and porcelain.
After rare teeth fillingthe work of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized and the correct bite begins to form.
Installation of veneers
This is a highly effective correction method. Veneers are the thinnest plates made of ceramic or porcelain. They are placed over natural teeth.
The main advantage of the method is that the plates cover and protect the enamel coating of dental units. In other words, there is no need to grind or grind adjacent teeth.
Contraindications for veneers:
- Severe destruction of dental units by the tongue.
- Presence of large fillings.
- Teeth grinding.
- Having a bad habit of opening bottles with your teeth, cracking nuts with them, etc.
Also, veneers cannot be placed if six or more chewable units are missing from the mouth.
Installation of crowns
These are non-removable structures with which it is possible to eliminate dental defects. The installation of crowns is also indicated for severe destruction of dental units. The essence of the method is to introduce an artificial tooth into the gum using a pin made of metal.
Installation of crowns requires some preparation. The natural teeth of the patient are prepared, if necessary, depulpation is performed. Crowns are made over several days. During this period, temporary structures are installed for the patient. FinishedThe crowns are completely identical to the patient's teeth. They differ only in width, which allows you to hide large gaps between chewing units.
Contraindications are the following conditions: loose teeth, allergic reaction to the components used, periodontal pathology. In addition, crowns are not placed on persons under the age of 16.
Rare teeth in a child
Radical treatments are not applied to children. In addition, a child under 5 years old should simply be observed. This is due to the fact that after teething, the jaw continues to grow, so there must be gaps between the dental units. This is a normal physiological process. A doctor should be consulted only if the space between the teeth remains very wide after the eruption of all milk teeth.
Children can get braces. In most cases, after such adjustment, the teeth will take the necessary position, and the distance between them will decrease.
If the cosmetic defect remains pronounced even after removing the braces, the doctor may recommend filling or veneers. The advantage of these methods is that natural teeth do not need to be prepared. It is recommended to give preference to the installation of veneers. Thin plates can not only hide empty areas, but also protect the enamel from the harmful effects of external factors.
In conclusion
Rare teeth are a pathology caused by a genetic factor. Giventhe condition is characterized by the presence of large distances between dental units. This is not only a cosmetic defect. A similar phenomenon leads to disruption of the digestive system and serves as a trigger for the development of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.
An orthodontist deals with the correction of a cosmetic defect. Initially, the specialist prescribes a comprehensive examination to the patient, based on the results of which the doctor determines the further treatment tactics. Currently, the following techniques for correcting rare teeth are most common: implantation, filling, installation of bridges, crowns and veneers.
