The human musculoskeletal system is made up of a combination of many bones and the muscles that connect them. The most important parts are the cranium, thorax, spinal column.
The bones of the human chest are formed throughout life. In the process of growth and development of the organism, this part of the skeleton is also transformed. There is a change not only in size, but also in shape.
In order to know which bones form the chest, a general knowledge of all components of the system is required. First, let's look at the entire musculoskeletal system.
The human skeleton consists of two hundred bones, the total weight of which is measured in kilograms: 10 for men and 7 for women. The form of each detail is laid down by nature so that they can perform their functions, of which there are a lot. Blood vessels penetrating the bones deliver nutrients and oxygen to them. Nerve endings contribute to a timely response to the needs of the body.
Structure of humanskeleton
This huge complex can be considered for a long time and in great detail. Let's stay on the basics. To make it easier to study the human structure, the skeleton is conditionally divided into 4 sections:
- cranium;
- body frame;
- vertebral column;
- upper and lower parts of the body.
And the basis for the whole system is the spine. The spine is formed by five sections:
- neck;
- sternum;
- lower back;
- sacral region;
- coccyx.
Functions and fundamentals of the structure of the chest
The bones of the chest, resembling the shape of a pyramid, contain and protect vital organs from external mechanical influences: the heart with blood vessels, the lungs with the bronchi and tracheal branch, the esophagus and numerous lymph nodes.
This part of the skeleton consists of twelve vertebrae, sternum and ribs. The first are the components of the base of the skeleton. In order for the connection of the bones of the chest with the vertebrae to be reliable, the surface of each has an articular costal fossa. This method of fastening allows you to achieve great strength.
Which bones form the chest
The sternum is a fairly common name for the bone located in front of the ribs. It is considered a composite, there are three parts:
- handle;
- body;
- xiphoid process.
Anatomical configuration of the bonethe human sternum changes over time, this is directly related to the modification of the position of the body and the center of gravity. In addition, with the formation of this part of the skeleton, the volume of the lungs also increases. The transformation of the ribs with age allows you to increase the range of motion of the sternum and to carry out free breathing. Proper development of the department is very important for the normal functioning of the whole organism.
The chest, the photo of which can be seen in the article, has the shape of a cone and remains so for up to three or four years. At six, it changes depending on the development of the upper and lower zones of the sternum, the angle of inclination of the ribs increases. By the age of twelve or thirteen, she is fully formed.
The bones of the human chest are affected by exercise and seating. Physical education classes will help it become wider and more voluminous, and an incorrect fit (more about the posture of schoolchildren at a desk or computer desk) will lead to the fact that the spine and all parts of the skeleton will develop incorrectly.
This can lead to scoliosis, stoop, and in some severe cases, problems with internal organs. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct educational conversations with the child about the importance of posture.
Rib structure
When asked what bones form the chest, they are the first thing that comes to mind. The ribs are an important part of this section of the skeleton. In medicine, all twelve couples are divided into three groups:
- true ribs – these are the first seven pairs attached to the sternum by skeletal cartilage;
- false ribs – the next three pairs are attached not to the sternum, but to the intercostal cartilage;
- floating ribs – end two pairs have no connection to central bone.
They have a flattened shape and a porous structure. The rib has cartilaginous and bony parts. The latter is defined by three sections: the body of the rib, head and articular surface. All ribs are in the form of a spiral plate. The more its curvature, the more mobile the chest, it all depends on the age and gender of the person.
During the intrauterine development of a person, in rare cases, an anomaly is observed that leads to the appearance of an additional rib in the neck or lumbar region. Also, mammals have more ribs than humans, this is due to the horizontal position of their body.
Now that we have figured out which bones form the chest, we can talk about what tissues they consist of. They differ from each other not only in functions, but also in properties.
Bone tissue
She designs the skull, limbs and torso. It is also important that bone tissue determines the shape of the body. It is divided into:
- coarse-fibrous – characteristic of the initial stages of development;
- plastic tissue – involved in the creation of the skeleton.
- cartilaginous tissue - formed by chondracites and cellular substances with high density, they perform a supporting function and are a component of different parts of the skeleton.
Its cells are of two types:osteoblasts and osteocytes. If you look at the composition of this tissue, you can see that 33% of it consists of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The rest is inorganic substances such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and calcium carbonate and others. Interestingly, our body has citric acid, 90% of it is found in bone tissue.
Connective tissue
The bones of the chest are fastened together and with the muscles of the skeleton with the help of cartilage and tendons. These are types of connective tissue. It comes in different types. For example, blood is also a connective tissue.
She is so diverse that it seems as if only she does everything in the body. Any cells of this type perform a variety of functions, depending on what kind of tissue they form:
- found human organs;
- saturate cells and tissues;
- carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body;
- unify all types of tissues, prevent organs from internal damage.
Depending on the functions, it is divided into:
- loose fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous unformed;
- dense fibrous shaped.
The connection of the bones of the chest is carried out by fibrous tissue from the first group. It has a loose texture that accompanies blood vessels, nerve endings. It separates the internal organs from each other in the cavity of the chest and abdomen.
The spine is the basis of the skeleton
The spine helps keep the back and is a support forsoft organs and tissues. The spine and rib cage are connected by an important function: it helps to keep the cavity in the desired position.
It is formed from thirty-two to thirty-four vertebrae, which have openings for the passage of the spinal cord. This allows you to well protect the basis of our nervous system.
Intervertebral discs are made up of fibrous cartilage, which contributes to the mobility of the spine. An important requirement for it is the ability to bend. Thanks to this, he is able to “spring”, due to which, shocks, shocks when running and walking fade, protecting the bone marrow from concussions.
Very important features
Since the musculoskeletal system consists mostly of bone tissue, then, knowing its role in the body, the same can be said about the base of the body, and about the chest separately. So, functions:
- reference;
- participation in mineral and fat metabolism;
- protective;
- mechanical.
It is important to know what our body consists of and what processes take place in it, what role this or that part of the skeleton plays, how to properly develop and strengthen it. This will help to avoid some ailments and live fully, doing sports and doing things you love.
