Lack of iron in the human body can cause many problems. Modern drugs with low hemoglobin will help replenish the reserves of an important element.
What is anemia
This condition is characterized by a low level of hemoglobin structures. Anemia develops, in which oxygen supply to tissue cells deteriorates. There are drugs that increase hemoglobin in the human body.
There are several varieties of anemic conditions in which there is a lack of proteins, iron compounds or cyanocobalamin. The most common form is iron deficiency anemia, caused by a mismatch in the need and intake of Fe ions.
There are two levels of disease:
- Latent iron deficiency, in which ferritin and hemoglobin concentrations are reduced, as well as transferrin filling, while there are no clinical signs of Fe deficiency.
- Properly anemic condition with clear characteristics of metal deficiency in human organs whenviolation of the formation of hemoglobin molecules.
The importance of iron in the body
This is a necessary element for a person. About 70% of this substance is included in the composition of hemoglobin. Internal organs cannot synthesize iron ions, they are delivered only with food.
Hemoglobin protein binds oxygen molecules in erythrocyte cells.
Insufficient iron causes oxygen starvation. Reduced hemoglobin is restored by drugs and drugs that contain Fe-ions.
Hemoglobin structure
The structure of hemoglobin contains four heme-containing protein subunits. Hydrophobic, ionic, hydrogen-type compounds occur between protomers according to the complementary principle.
The heme contains a divalent metal ion, which is included in the prosthetic group.
Signs of anemia
Iron preparations for low hemoglobin in adults are prescribed for hypotension, pallor of the skin, collapsed veins, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, decreased performance, palpitations, shortness of breath.
The reason for taking medication is a change in the skin with excessive dryness, peeling. The nail plate becomes striated and brittle, and the hair does not have enough strength, they fall out and split. The iron-deficient form can be identified by a perversion of taste preferences.
In laboratory blood tests, the lower limit of the normal hemoglobin content will be 130 grams per liter forthe male body and 120 grams per liter for the female.
Mild anemic is an Hb value that is above 90 grams per liter but less than 110 grams per liter, moderate anemic is Hb between 70 and 90 grams per liter, and severe is Hb below 70 grams per liter.
Features of the choice of medicines
To eliminate an anemic iron deficiency state, the doctor selects drugs that increase hemoglobin, based on the characteristics of the metabolism of iron ions, absorption characteristics, composition and dosage form.
Intramuscular drug administration has been found to produce worse results than oral tablet formulations. This is due to the way the metal ions are absorbed, which begins in the intestines. The first method of administration causes more adverse reactions.
Iron preparations for low hemoglobin in adults should include the optimal content of the element in its pure form, which ranges from 80 to 160 mg. This amount is equivalent to 320 mg of sulfate, it is enough to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Deviation from the selected dose or discontinuation of the drug will cause unwanted effects.
An important condition for proper treatment is to maintain the integrity of the pill when taken. It is not chewed, but immediately swallowed with water. Typically, liquid iron medications are less effective than tablet forms.
Complex vitamin and mineral preparations are not fully capable ofmake up for the lack of an element in the body due to its low content.
The safest are encapsulated and coated preparations with iron to increase hemoglobin. This form protects the mucous epithelium of the digestive tract from the negative effects of the drug.
Drugs for anemia
Depending on the type of anemia, different medicines are used. These can be products containing iron, or vitamin substances in the form of cyanocobalamin, folic and ascorbic acid, alpha-tocoferrol, riboflavin or pyridoxine.
In the aplastic form of the disease, glucocorticosteroid drugs, drugs based on anabolic steroids, androgens, cytostatics are used. Erythropoietin drugs are aimed at stimulating hematopoiesis and increasing hemoglobin content.
Iron products
They are most often used to treat an anemic condition. This group includes iron preparations to increase low hemoglobin. Usually, these are s alt-containing medicines that are well absorbed through the intestinal wall for subsequent incorporation into the heme structure. The formation of hemoglobin causes an improvement in oxygen transport.
There are medicines with trivalent or ferrous iron. To improve the availability of the first form, amino acid compounds are needed to transport Fe2+-ions to the bone marrow. The absorption of iron with valence II is enhanced under the influence of acidascorbic, which provides ion transport and incorporation into the heme structure.
From a physiological point of view, tablet preparations are preferable. Parenteral drug administration is used to quickly saturate the body with an element when there are intestinal pathologies and there is no improvement from treatment with solid forms.
High doses of drugs are used to obtain normal hemoglobin values, and then a maintenance dose is adjusted. A reduced amount of medicine is used to prevent anemia.
Medicines with ferrous iron
People with anemia often ask the doctor how to increase hemoglobin in the blood. The preparations are sulfates with vitamin supplements. The latter contribute to improved absorption and availability.
The most commonly used drug is Sorbifer Durules, it contains ferrous sulfate and C-vitamin.
Another common remedy is Tardiferron tablets, in which ascorbic acid is replaced by folic acid. The medicine is taken in the morning and in the afternoon, 30 minutes before meals. Tablets should be washed down with 200 ml of water.
Capsule preparations include funds:
- "Ferrofolgamma" with ferrous sulfate, cyanocobalamin, C-vitamin.
- Ferretab with fumarate and folic acid.
- Fenules with FeSO4, B9, B5, C, B2, B6 vitamins.
Medication "Aktiferrin" in the form of capsules, drops andsyrup treat anemia in children.
Inexpensive drug to increase hemoglobin "Hematogen" contains albumin protein and FeSO4.
The medicine "Totem" in the form of a solution contains iron (II) gluconate, copper, manganese.
Prolongatum Hemofer dragee contains Fe sulfate.
Medicines with ferric iron
These include drugs to increase hemoglobin in the blood. A review of this group of drugs allows you to determine the dosage form and features of the active ingredients in the composition of anemia drugs.
In medicines with ferric iron, this metal is present in the form of polym altose hydroxide. This composition has:
- drug "M altofer", which is produced in the form of syrup, injection solution and tablets.
- drug "Fenules", produced in drops and in the form of syrup.
- Means "Ferrum Lek" - tablets, injection solution and syrup.
Medication "Biofer", in addition to polym altose hydroxide, contains folic acid. Available in tablet form.
In the structure of the drug "Ferlatum" the active component of the solution is protein succinate.
Intramuscularly administered iron preparations for low hemoglobin in adults, if there are certain indications. They are characterized by reduced absorption of iron ions in the gastrointestinal tract in various chronic pathologies in the form of enteritis, chronic pancreatitis, insufficient absorption syndrome.
Parenteral use of the drug should be carried out with an exacerbation of an ulcer in the duodenum or stomach, with ulcerative colitis, individual hypersensitivity to compounds with iron, removal of part of the stomach or small intestine.
To quickly saturate body tissues with metal in case of large blood loss, before operations associated with hemorrhoids, treatment of fibromyotic formations and other pathologies, the drug is administered into the muscle. The amount of iron in the drug used for injectable therapy should not exceed 100 mg per day. It is enough to completely saturate transferrin molecules with this metal. Venofer, Argeferr, Likferr, Cosmofer drugs are produced in the form of injection solutions.
Treatment Adverse Reactions
Iron preparations for low hemoglobin in adults can cause side effects, which are due to the sensitivity of each patient and the form of the medication.
Some products can cause all sorts of allergic processes caused by intolerance to the active ingredient.
The mucous membrane of the digestive system is irritated by means containing iron, but not covered with a protective shell. In this case, there are pain symptoms in the epigastric region, as well as difficulty emptying the large intestine.
Taking pills and liquids causes darkening of the enamelon the teeth.
The intravenous method of using solutions provokes a condition of thrombophlebitis, in which the vessels in the injection area become inflamed.
Effect of therapy
Iron preparations for low hemoglobin in adults begin to have an effect only three weeks after taking the medication, in which there is a slight increase in Hb values. The effectiveness of the pharmacotherapeutic effect of the drug is considered positive when normal hemoglobin values \u200b\u200bare reached in 60 days. The dosage is then adjusted for maintenance treatment.
In the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, patients are prescribed, in parallel with taking medications, the use of plant foods, juices, in which vitamin substances are present in large quantities. For recovery, proteins must be supplied to the body with meat and dairy products.
The most important thing is that the attending physician should deal with the choice of a drug for the treatment of anemia. Self-medication will not give the desired improvements, but it will cause unwanted reactions, which will aggravate the course of the disease.
