"Cefotaxime" (indications for use, rules for calculating the optimal dosage, as well as the most popular analogues will be given below) is a modern semi-synthetic antibiotic. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative microflora. The mechanism of the biochemical reaction is due to the ability of the components to suppress the natural processes occurring in the cell membrane of pathogens.
The drug, getting into the body, purposefully destroys the cross-links of peptidoglycans, which are so necessary for bacteria to ensure the natural stability of the walls. And, as you know, for antibodies and inhibitor ingredients, an elastic aggressor cell is a fairly easy target.
Issue form
The drug "Cefotaxime" (the instructions present injections and infusions as the only possible delivery schemes for the active substance) enters the pharmaceutical market in the form of a white or yellow powder, which serves as the basis for preparing the solution. These are the so-called injectionampoules.
Original 10 ml bottles are made of transparent glass. The actual weight of the reagent present in one trade item depends on the filling matrix (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 grams).
Pharmacokinetic scenario
It is worth noting right away that not every analogue of Cefotaxime has the same pharmacokinetic properties as the original. In particular, if we talk about the rate of absorption of components from the injection site, then the absorption of the described drug, judging by the comments of many practitioners, is much faster than the primary absorption of the same Duatax or Cetax. The reason for the "phenomenon" lies in the structured molecule of the original sample. Experts in their reviews emphasize that the above Indian generics contain "pharmaceutical impurities" in the form of complex cephalosporin derivatives, which significantly slow down the metabolism of other ingredients.
It has been established that Cefotaxime (the indications fixed in the official guide to this drug exclude the possibility of prescribing in the presence of bleeding) demonstrates a relatively high level of plasma protein binding, while the duration of the bactericidal effect varies within 11-12 hours. Having passed the initial transformation, the reagent is evenly distributed throughout the tissues, including bone (the maximum concentration is also observed in the myocardium and gallbladder).
Main ingredientsuccessfully overcomes the placental barrier and becomes an integral part of the pericardial and cerebrospinal fluid. On average, the half-life with intravenous drip infusion does not exceed one hour, with intramuscular injection - eighty to one hundred minutes. Any transcendent accumulation of the substance is not noted - some of the components are excreted along with bile, the other (about 90%) - with urine. In the latter case, the proportion of active metabolites is limited to 20-30% of the administered dose, that is, about 70% of the solution leaves the body without undergoing structural modifications.
Indications for prescription
The described drug has proven itself as a blocker of infectious and inflammatory processes launched by microorganisms that are especially sensitive to cefotaxime. Moreover, not only clinical studies testify to this - a similar conclusion can be drawn after reading the numerous positive reviews published on sites whose subject is an effective drug fight against pathogens. The front of the pharmacological action of this drug is quite wide, but most often chronic or acute disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract, as well as ENT diseases.
I must say that, even with the absolute identity of the composition, the analogue of "Cefotaxime", whether it be "Cefasin" or "Cetax", cannot be prescribed for use on the basis of the above conditions. The fact is that many generics are characterized only by “relative copying” of the biochemical model of the behavior of the original sample, and thereforean accurate medical card, taking into account the schedule of admission and the dosage of the "double", should be calculated by an experienced specialist.
The original product is recommended for use if:
- the patient is diagnosed with a pathology of the respiratory system in the form of pneumonia, abscess or bronchitis, and other antibiotics do not bring the desired result;
- the patient's condition is aggravated by progressive bacterial meningitis;
- tests confirm endocarditis;
- in the postoperative period, it was not possible to avoid complications in the form of focal destruction of the skin and / or membranes of vital organs;
- Infectious agents are firmly established in bone tissues, and intramuscular injections using synonymous drugs do not have the proper effect on them;
- gram-negative or gram-positive flora penetrated burn wounds and provoked large-scale infections (up to sepsis);
- there was a need for preventive measures.
Independent experts tend to believe that today few analogues of Cefotaxime are able to demonstrate a clear positive trend in Lyme disease. It is worth recalling that the described original, subject to regular use, copes with the task perfectly (patients post comments on the nuances of the therapeutic course on the forums).
Use and dosage
"Cefotaxime" instruction (injections, according to some doctors and patients, are not as effective as setting a dropper) is positioned inas an antibiotic of selective action, focused on the fight against severe bacterial infections. As mentioned earlier, there are three reagent delivery schemes: by drop or jet infusion, and also by intramuscular injection. There is no single rule for preparing a working fluid, so it is extremely important to decide in advance on the method of administration of the drug.
The manufacturer, in particular, recommends following this algorithm:
- for IM injections: 1 gram of powder should be dissolved in 4 milliliters of water, lidocaine or novocaine;
- for intravenous injection: 1 gram of the substance must be diluted in sterile water (4 ml);
- for IV infusion: 100 ml of NaCl (0.9%) or the same amount of 5% glucose should be added to a vial with two grams of cefotaxime.
Reagent delivery time:
- with i/m injections: 5-10 s;
- with i.v. jet injection: 3-5 min;
- when setting a dropper: 50-60 min.
The calculation of a balanced dose and the construction of an optimal intake schedule is carried out individually. The patient's age and body weight are taken into account, as well as the type of infection and the stage of its development. In addition, therapeutic adjustments are made to the anamnesis.
Nevertheless, the instructions still provide information on the weighted average rates for the use of the drug "Cefotaxime". Injections (how to dilute the powder is described in detail above, but, interestingly, in almost all reviewsthe dominant idea is that the injection is a very painful and unpleasant procedure, even if all the manufacturer's recommendations are followed), in particular, it is prescribed for uncomplicated situations, with a break of 4-12 hours and a single dose of 1-2 grams. For critical and pre-critical scenarios, intravenous administration is relevant (at the rate of 2 g every 4 hours, but not more than 12 g / day).
When choosing a treatment regimen, pediatricians are guided by the body weight of a young patient and the general reaction of the body (“standard” is from two to six jet injections; 50-180 mg/kg).
Side effects
When prescribing the drug "Cefotaxime" (the injections are not as flattering as the drip infusion, since the intramuscular injection is often accompanied by pain; for this reason, novocaine or lidocaine usually acts as a "solvent") cannot be ruled out atypical action of the components on the systems and organs of the patient.
Eligible:
- allergic "responses" in the form of large-scale urticaria, candidiasis or Quincke's edema;
- problems at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, nausea; extremely rarely - cholestatic jaundice);
- disturbances in the composition of the blood (drop in platelets, hemolytic anemia, etc.).
The consequences of an overdose
Excessive increase in the daily norm is fraught with dysbacteriosis and encephalopathy; visualization of skin irritations is also likely.
The primary task is to stop the flow of the reagent into the body. Further measures are needed to stabilize the state ofmandatory use of desensitizing pharmacological products (under medical supervision).
Contraindications declared by the manufacturer
According to the information given in the official instructions, "Cefotaxime" (injections to children, as a rule, are prescribed after reaching the age of 30 months; before that they resort to IV infusions) should not be used:
- during pregnancy;
- with hypersensitivity to ingredients;
- with open and closed bleeding;
- if there are already episodes of enterocolitis in the anamnesis.
Drug Interactions
The original guidelines emphasize that other solutions should under no circumstances be administered together (from the same medical device) with the antibiotic Cefotaxime.
Injections (use through a dropper, in terms of pharmacological interaction with the components of other drugs, is no different from intramuscular injections), in particular, can provoke kidney damage if any aminoglycoside or loop diuretic. In turn, blockers of tubular secretion greatly inhibit the procedure for the withdrawal of this reagent and stimulate an increase in its concentration.
Combination with antiplatelet agents is also undesirable due to the risk of bleeding.
Special provisions of the instruction
"Cefotaxime" (tablet analogues, judging by the reviews and comments, are less effective) sometimes provokes falseCumbus samples and fakes a urine test for true glucose.
With long-term therapy, the measurement of the component composition of the blood should be carried out at least once every 10 days.
In the first days of treatment, a severe form of diarrhea is not ruled out. Moreover, characteristically, such an analogue of "Cefotaxime" (for children under the age of 12 the mentioned "doubler" is not recommended), as "Phagocef", causes a similar clinical picture much less often.
The use of alcohol during therapy based on the specified reagent is strictly prohibited.
Which analogue of Cefotaxime do independent experts recommend for use?
Comments about "Sefotak" and "Cefantral" as synonyms for the described pharmacological product are ambiguous. Judging by the reviews, their appointment by doctors is practiced much more often than prescribing prescription directions for the purchase of the same Cefabol or Tax-o-bid. However, some patients tend to believe that the therapeutic effect of the use of the mentioned samples is weakly expressed, and the likelihood of developing atypical reactions is disproportionately high.
When the forums raise the question of how to inject Cefotaxime so that it does not hurt, many doctors advise:
- to check if the discomfort is a reaction to a specific ingredient (if the syndrome recurs with novocaine dilution of the powder, then there is reason to believe that the discomfort is a consequence of an allergy, and not the direct action of the substance);
- look for a decent alternative.
Analysis of opinions shows that "Loraxim" received the greatest "respect" among the synonyms. However, before replacing one reagent with another, be sure to consult a specialist.
