Pain brings suffering, and to alleviate it, a person uses various means that can reduce or remove it. Dosage forms in the form of tablets, ointments, patches can not always cope, and then the choice falls on injections. An anesthetic injection relieves the individual not only of suffering, but also minimizes the risk of developing severe complications. In each specific situation, different means are used.
Classification of painkillers
There are several groups of medicines:
- Local analgesics or anesthetics. The most famous among them are Novocain, Lidocaine.
- Non-narcotic, which are divided into alkanoic acids, their representative is Voltaren, and pyrazolone derivatives, these include Analgin, Butadion.
- Drugs. Common names for painkillers are Fentanyl, Butorphanol, Morphine.
According to their effects, they are divided into analgesics:
- Suppressing pain susceptibility selectively, i.e. without turning off consciousness, temperature or tactilesensitivity. The drugs of this group are especially effective for pain of severe intensity, they are also called opioid (narcotic) analgesics. Repeated drug administration leads to mental and physical dependence.
- Central action, non-addictive. These include drugs to relieve headache, postoperative pain, as well as to reduce temperature and pain in neuralgia. This type of pain medication is called non-opioid.
According to the biochemical effect on the body, the following groups of analgesics are distinguished:
- blocking nerve impulses, i.e. in this case, the pain signal does not reach the brain;
- which has an effect directly on the painful focus.
According to anti-inflammatory effects, they are distinguished:
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which, in addition to the latter, are also endowed with analgesic and antipyretic effects;
- analgesics-antipyretics are widely used in medical practice, including pediatrics, they have an unusual combination of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antithrombotic effects.
Pain therapy for painful periods
In the female half of the population during menstruation, the intensity of pain is so strong that it is impossible to do without analgesics. This condition, of course, requires immediate medical attention. To relieve pain, the doctor can prescribe not only medicines in the form of tablets, but also recommend doinganalgesic injection. In these cases, combined preparations are indicated, which, in addition to analgesic, also have an antispasmodic effect.
Many medical professionals recommend the use of the drug "Diclofenac" and consider analgesic injections with this drug one of the best remedies for severe pain during menstruation. The action of the drug is aimed at alleviating the condition and removing the swelling of the uterus. In addition, injections of this medication are prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the female genital area. Contraindications to the use of "Diclofenac" during menstruation are low body resistance, ulcerative lesions of the stomach or duodenum, impaired metabolic processes and blood clotting, hypertension, coronary heart disease. It is categorically not recommended to prescribe injections for yourself, as there is a risk of harm to he alth.
Use of analgesics after surgery
After operations, a person has pain of varying severity. To alleviate the condition, he is prescribed analgesic therapy, which includes narcotic, potent and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Anesthetic injection and dose are selected individually, depending on the intensity of the pain syndrome. Of the opioid drugs, Morphine, Promedol, Omnopon, Tramadol are prescribed. The effect after the injection is observed quite quickly. However, all the means of this group provoke undesirable reactions of different severity:
- nausea;
- vomit;
- convulsions;
- depressed;
- insomnia;
- muscle pain.
Contraindications to the use of opiates are individual intolerance, severe liver and kidney failure, conditions in which respiratory depression is possible, the presence of a drug withdrawal syndrome. Anesthetic therapy is carried out until the complete or partial disappearance of pain. When deciding on the duration of treatment with these drugs, the diagnosis, severity of the condition, and the severity of symptoms are taken into account. Other medications are prescribed in addition to strong analgesics.
Introduction after the operation of an anesthetic injection called "Ketorol" prevents the development of an exacerbation in the subsequent period. The main active ingredient, which is part of the drug, relieves pain. The medication is prescribed for a short period of time. Prohibited for use by persons with ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, bronchial asthma, kidney disease, liver and postoperative bleeding.
Drugs of choice for dental treatment
Dentists prefer anesthetic injections during treatment, the duration of which is about six hours: "Ubistezin", "Ultrakain", "Septanest". Such a long-term analgesic effect is possible due to the content of norepinephrine and adrenaline in the preparation. It is the presence of the latter component that provokes an undesirable reaction in the form of anxiety and palpitations, which most often occurs with an incorrectly selected dose of anesthesia. For patients whovasoconstrictor drugs are contraindicated, the drug "Mepivastezin" is recommended for use.
For children during dental treatment, anesthesia is carried out in two stages. Initially, the place where the injection will be made is frozen using a gel or aerosol, and then an injection is made. For young patients, articaine-based drugs are the drug of choice. They have proven themselves quite well and are quickly excreted from the body. Compared with the drug Novocain, their effectiveness is about five times higher. An anesthetic injection during dental treatment is made into the gum with a special needle, which is several times thinner than the standard one. The injected drug blocks the nerve impulse, as a result, the pain signal is not transmitted to the brain. After a certain period, the drug disintegrates, and the blocked nerve resumes its ability to conduct impulses.
Cancer pain management
When cancer progresses, one of the first symptoms is pain. Having arisen suddenly, it does not stop, which provokes panic, fear, depression, and in some cases aggressiveness in patients. Unfortunately, pain is inevitable at this stage. Provoke their tumor processes occurring in the body of the individual, and directly the cancer itself. To select analgesic therapy, the doctor relies on the type, intensity and duration of the pain syndrome. There is no universal medicine that can help everyone. The doctor selects painkillers for oncology individually. The change from one drug to another is carried out in cases where the therapy currently used is ineffective, including when using the maximum permitted daily doses.
Levels of the oncology pain relief system
- Slight pain. Prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Medium - combination therapy with drugs containing non-narcotic analgesics and mild opiates is indicated. The most prescribed drug is Tramadol.
- Intolerable pain requires the appointment of the most powerful drugs "Morphine", "Fentanyl", "Buprenorphine". Only a doctor can prescribe strong painkillers. It must be remembered that long-term use of the above drugs causes mental and physical dependence.
The dosage of the drug, the frequency of administration during the day is determined for each patient and, according to medical indications, can be adjusted, that is, the number of injections or the dose of the drug is increased. Additionally, it is possible to use injections of hormonal agents such as corticosteroids, which is especially effective for bone and headaches. The following factors influence the effectiveness of the phased method of anesthesia:
- start treatment at the first sign of pain;
- drugs are taken constantly at a certain time, and do not wait for the onset of pain;
- the choice of drug for each patient is selected individually, taking into account some features of the individual's body, the duration and severity of pain;
- patient musthave full information about the therapy prescribed to him and the rules for taking drugs.
All medicines used to relieve or relieve pain in oncopathology can be divided into the following groups:
- Opiates. Strong painkillers injections: "Morphine", "Fentanyl", "Buprenorphine" are used for very intense pain.
- Weak opiates: Tramadol.
- Drugs of different groups. These include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and hormonal drugs: Ketorol, Diclofenac, Dexalgin, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone and others.
Pain relief for injuries
Any injury makes itself felt as a pain signal. This is a protective reaction of the body, which notifies, for example, that it is undesirable to disturb the injured limb. Pain, having fulfilled its informational function, can lead to serious consequences in the form of loss of consciousness or pain shock. Therefore, first of all, in such situations, analgesics are used in the form of an anesthetic injection, and most often injections of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
However, paramedics give an injection of novocaine as an anesthetic. The result is a rapid local analgesic effect. The action of the drug is to block the transmission and conduct impulses along the nerve fibers. Therefore, in case of injuries, before the arrival of doctors, it is not recommended to move the victim so as not to provoke a pain shock in him. In addition, at the hospital stage, it is widely distributed and quite accessible.narcotic drug "Promedol", which has a powerful analgesic effect. Thus, it became clear which injections anesthetize with injuries. For minor injuries - bruises, sprains, dislocations - pain relief can be achieved by applying ice, but it should be wrapped in a cloth to prevent frostbite.
Causes of back pain
Everyone experiences back pain during their lifetime. There are several reasons for this phenomenon - from the presence of banal obesity to various serious diseases. All pain sensations can be classified as primary, which are the result of degenerative-dystrophic changes and lead to spondylarthrosis or osteochondrosis, as well as secondary. In the latter case, there are significantly more factors that provoke pain and the reason for its appearance lies in the following pathological conditions:
- diseases of the spine of an infectious nature;
- diseases of internal organs located near the spine;
- spinal injuries;
- circulatory disorders.
Painkillers for back pain
Pain in the lower back can be acute or chronic. The individual eventually gets used to the latter, and in the case of the former, help is required. Injections are considered the most reliable pain reliever with a 100% effect. They are shown at:
- severe pain with urinary incontinence;
- weakness and numbness of the upper or lower limbs;
- tingling in the legs or arms;
- painof such intensity that there is no strength to endure.
Intramuscular administration of the drug reduces the development of adverse reactions, the therapeutic effect occurs quickly.
Let's consider which painkillers injections for back pain are most often recommended:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain, swelling and inflammation: Ketorol, Diclofenac, Meloxicam, Ketonal. The disadvantage of using these drugs is the presence of adverse effects on the digestive tract. However, the permitted course of treatment allows you to save the effect obtained from injections for up to six months. The choice of a specific trade name depends on the patient's condition and the presence of comorbidities.
- Muscle relaxants. With the help of drugs of this group, spasm of smooth muscles and pain syndrome are removed: Flexen, Mydocalm.
- For the blockade, anesthetics are used, with the help of which they achieve a decrease in pain in the back: "Lidocaine", "Novocaine". To enhance the action, hormonal drugs are additionally administered.
- Complex medicines, which include B vitamins, will help to anesthetize your back. Injections called "Milgamma" and "Combilipen" in addition to analgesic action, improve the structure of nerve tissues and metabolism.
- Steroid hormones. Medicines of this group are indicated for severe pathology. They are mainly used together with drugs from other groups, such as vitamins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Combined products work wellAmbene and Blockium B12
- Typical analgesics. The following representatives of this group are best known: Analgin, Baralgin, Spazmolgon. In addition to the analgesic effect, they have an antispasmodic and relaxing effect.
The choice of drug is determined by the intensity of the pain syndrome. Pain injections for pain in the back or lower part of it is the only way to eliminate it. The doctor will recommend the most suitable drug and determine the duration of its use.
Effective drugs to relieve pain in the joints
The causes of pain in the joints of the upper or lower extremities can be caused by pathological conditions:
- different types of arthrosis;
- injury;
- bursitis;
- dislocation;
- stretching;
- etc.
Regardless of the factors that provoked the pain syndrome, you should visit a doctor. He will prescribe painkillers for pain in the joints and develop a treatment plan for the disease. A good analgesic effect for joint pain is given by injections of vitamin B12. Through the action of this drug:
- muscle innervation returns to normal;
- metabolic processes are normalized;
- restoring the work of the nervous system;
- damaged nerve tissue is reborn.
Clinically it has been proven that the use of this vitamin led to a decrease in pain during inflammation in the acute stage. In addition, they are capablerelieve pain with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of injections. It is possible to anesthetize the joints with their help only for a short period of time, since in many patients they do not give the desired effect. Different generations of drugs in this group differ in the detected adverse reactions. For acute pain, Diclofenac, Meloxicam are usually recommended. When choosing, you should carefully read the instructions for medical use and follow the course of treatment recommended by the doctor.
If the pain does not subside, then hormones are prescribed:
- "Hydrocortisone". These good pain-relieving injections are injected directly into the joint by the doctor. The drug, in addition to analgesic action, has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory. An injection in one day can only be administered in three joints.
- "Prednisolone". It is considered the best analogue of the previous remedy. Indicated for short course use.
Pain relief for gout
The cause of chronic disease is the accumulation of uric acid s alts, most of which are found in the joints. During an exacerbation, a person is tormented by severe pain. The choice of drug depends on the stage of the pathology. Tablets, external and injectable agents are used. The latter help to relieve pain when other forms of medication fail. Movalis, which is administered intramuscularly, is recognized as one of the best. The course of treatment lasts until the analgesic effect is achieved. Then continue treatment with tablets. Diclofenac injections also give a good result. Peak blood levels are reachedafter sixty minutes, and in the synovial fluid after three hours. Partial excretion from the body through the urinary tract, feces occurs after twelve hours. The age of the patient, as well as the presence of a history of liver and kidney diseases, does not affect the absorption and excretion of the drug. The drug is administered twice a day for a course of no more than five days. When used beyond the prescribed duration, the risk of adverse events is high:
- pain in the digestive system;
- frequent stool;
- sleep disorder;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- dizziness that can lead to loss of consciousness;
- allergic reactions in the form of a rash;
- blood in stool;
- visual impairment.
The above symptoms are eliminated by gastric lavage and taking adsorbents. Contraindications to the use of "Diclofenac" for gout are internal bleeding, ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, individual intolerance and pregnancy. In addition, this medicine is not indicated for use with other pain relievers.
Conclusion
General principles of pain relief should first of all be directed to the treatment of the underlying disease. However, in some situations, pain is regarded not as a sign of illness, but as an independent pathology that poses a threat to the individual, for example, pain shock, myocardial infarction. Methods of treatment of ailments are different, but among them quite oftenthe use of analgesic injections for pain of various etiologies occupies a leading position.
