A rash on the lower back of a child is a skin reaction to an irritant (external or internal). To prescribe a normal treatment, it is necessary to accurately identify the causes of this phenomenon. Self-medication can aggravate the situation, so it is better to see a doctor.
Types and nature of the rash
Rash on the back - red spots, pimples, pimples, bumps, watery vesicles, pink blisters, pustules. They can be localized only on the shoulder blades, for example, or capture the entire back.
The color of the rash varies from pale pink to red and brown. They may be accompanied by itching, but not always.
A rash on the lower back of a child has age-related characteristics and is conditionally divided into rashes in newborns, children under a year and after a year. Each disease has its own manifestations, and they may not be related to each other.
Small
It can be a manifestation of a number of diseases that occur immediately after childbirth. A small rash on the back of a child usually does not bother. 20% of allnewborns goes through neonatal pustulosis. This pathology is not contagious, it is noted only in the first days of life.
Another minor rash is prickly heat. It requires only hygiene procedures and a regular change of clothes, consisting of natural fabrics. Pathology speaks of a violation of thermoregulation. Later appears due to skin irritation.
Red
It is quite common to find a small red rash on the abdomen or back of a child. The causes are most often infectious or allergic. The lesion may not be limited to the back region, but manifest itself in other areas. Usually it gradually moves to the shoulders, stomach.
Also, a red rash on the lower back of a child may be the result of an allergic reaction, which is popularly called hives.
White
This variety (called "comedones") is more common in older children, around puberty. The reason may be malnutrition, hormonal surges with a predominance of testosterone, poor hygiene.
The appearance of comedones indicates increased activity of the sebaceous glands. A single visit to the sauna is enough for the pores to steam out and cleanse. After that, the skin must be treated with lotion.
Main reasons
In general, the most common causes of a rash on the lower back in a child can be divided into 3 large groups:
- infection;
- allergic manifestations;
- vascular and blood diseases.
There are many other reasons.
Otherfactors
Why does a child get a rash on his back? The causes may be parasitic pathologies, such as scabies.
Disruption of the digestive tract can also cause rashes. The reason may be:
- psoriasis, Lyme disease, herpes, syphilis;
- hormonal restructuring at puberty (more often in boys it occurs and depends on an increased level of testosterone in the blood);
- neurodermatitis;
- diabetes mellitus;
- rash after massage;
- meningitis;
- insect bites.
A rash on the lower back of a child can occur when the immune system is weakened. The reasons are physical and mental overstrain in a student, poor nutrition, lack of sleep. A reaction to increased UVR in children in the form of a rash on the lower back is rare.
Rash in children under one year old
The most common thing parents face is:
- allergy;
- diaper rash;
- polyweed;
- neonatal pustulosis;
- newborn acne.
The last 2 points are not diseases, but manifestations of physiology, and they do not require treatment, they disappear on their own. They are associated with the influence of maternal hormones.
Allergic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis are almost non-existent in newborns.
Allergic rash is a condition that can appear instantly, in less than a day. Before 3 months, hereditary predisposition to allergies does not appear. In infants, allergies are often associated with the introduction of complementary foods, malnutrition of the baby's mother.
If a child sleepssleeps on woolen blankets, feather beds, wears artificial fiber clothes, his clothes are washed with cheap and low-quality powders, allergic dermatitis may appear. Therefore, when choosing funds, you should be careful. With special care, it is necessary to select a blanket, pillow, mattress for the baby.
Diaper rash occurs where the skin most often comes into contact with coarse tissue, feces or urine. This condition is called diaper dermatitis, and it causes a rash on the lower back in a child. The skin lesion appears first on the pope, then on the back and abdomen. With a large affected area, the child becomes restless, constantly crying, refusing to breastfeed.
A rash on the lower back of a one-year-old child is often caused by prickly heat. It can be local or appear in many places of the body at once.
The rash is small, in the form of reddish nodules, can be on the child's back, neck, chest.
The temperature does not rise, the child's mood does not change, the appetite does not disappear. Treatment and causes of a rash on a child's back are interrelated.
Rashes on the back of children after a year
After a year, the child's contacts with the outside world are noticeably expanding, older kids go to kindergarten, school. In this age group, the appearance of a rash is of epidemic importance, as infections appear.
At this age, the 2 largest groups of causes can be conditionally distinguished: infections and allergies.
Children's infections are measles, rubella, chicken pox, scarlet fever. A rash on the back with them is a mandatory symptom. These diseases are almost always accompaniedtemperature, violation of the general condition, intoxication. They are contagious, so quarantine is necessary.
Diseases
The simplest and most harmless rash on the lower back of a child is prickly heat. It occurs not only on the back, but also in the folds of the skin, the back of the head, and the shoulders, that is, where there are many sweat glands. It is the result of a violation of thermoregulation, which is imperfect in a small child.
The baby's body overheats, and there is a dotted small rash with itching. Its treatment is also very simple. You should bathe the child in a decoction of string, calendula or chamomile. Then it is necessary to get the baby wet and treat the skin with a drying agent, such as talcum powder, powder. At the end, the child is changed into lighter natural clothes so that the skin can breathe. These measures are usually sufficient.
With vesiculopustulosis or pyoderma, a small pustular rash appears. It can be not only on the back.
Rubella is a viral infection. Rashes with her in the form of small pink spots. Body temperature may rise slightly, catarrhal symptoms appear.
Scarlet fever - caused by hemolytic streptococcus, contagious. A pink small rash appears on the lower back of a child. A characteristic sign - from 2-4 days of illness, the tongue becomes bright crimson. Fever, intoxication and signs of sore throat are also noted. The diagnosis, according to doctors, can be made even in the dark: just run your hand over the skin: scarlatinal rashresembles fine sandpaper.
Chickenpox - caused by type 3 herpes. Colorless blisters with liquid appear on the skin, sometimes they can itch. Then, after a while, the bubbles burst, and these places become covered with a crust. The general condition is often not disturbed. Places of localization - not only on the back, but throughout the body. Those who have been ill develop lifelong immunity. Otherwise, infection occurs in 100% of cases through contact with the patient.
Lichen is a fungal infection of the skin. Rash in the form of spots with pimples of pus.
Measles is dangerous for unvaccinated children. On the 5th day of illness, a red-spotted rash appears not only on the back, but also on the body. It gets smaller closer to the legs. The spots tend to coalesce. They are preceded by fever (more than 39 degrees), sore throat, cough, runny nose.
Meningitis is a very dangerous meningococcal infection in children. With it, the temperature rises sharply, he alth worsens, vomiting appears, consciousness is disturbed. Rash in the form of small hemorrhages. Meningeal symptoms are manifested in stiff neck - when the chin is bent, the legs move, etc. Meningitis needs urgent hospitalization.
Roseola or sudden exanthema - caused by herpes type 6. Occurs suddenly in babies with signs of immunodeficiency. The temperature rises sharply above 39 degrees, but the general condition is not disturbed. 5 days after this, the back and chest are covered with a pink small rash. No treatment required, rash clears up on its own.
Scabies - caused by the scabies mite. get infected by itcan be in any public place. The rash is accompanied by severe itching, which intensifies in the evening. This is due to the activation of the tick, which crawls in the upper layer of the dermis and gnaws its passages. Periodically, it creeps out to the surface of the skin. Therefore, this rash seems to be steamy - "input" and "output" are visible.
Allergic rash in children. It occupies a large group of back skin lesions. They are collectively called allergic dermatoses.
Children under the age of 3-4 years most often suffer from atopic dermatitis (diathesis, infantile eczema), strofulus (papular urticaria) and urticaria (acute and chronic), contact dermatitis and exudative erythema.
Allergic dermatosis develops as an abnormal reaction of the skin with both a single contact with an allergen and its regular exposure. A single contact leads to acute urticaria, Quincke's edema. Allergens can be very different, they have already been mentioned.
Most often, a foreign protein becomes a provocateur. Usually cow's milk (casein) when complementary foods are introduced. Predisposing factors include chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, heredity, intestinal dysbacteriosis, poor ecology.
Allergic
Atopic dermatitis is a prolonged allergic skin reaction. Characteristic signs are itching, scratching of the epidermis, blisters and weeping.
When infected, the lesion expands. The current is most often undulating.
With strofulusrash in the form of dense nodules of red color, with itching. Sometimes pimples turn into a blister, leaving brown crusts after healing.
Treatment of allergic dermatoses
Therapy is complex, with a mandatory hypoallergenic diet and the exclusion of contact with the allergen. The doctor may prescribe not only antihistamines, but also GCS (glucocorticosteroids). The latter are usually prescribed for local treatment. They perfectly relieve itching and inflammation. The appointment is short-term, otherwise skin atrophy may develop. For desensitization, antihistamines are given orally, taking into account age. Usually these are syrups.
Rash in diseases of the blood and vessels
With these pathologies, a hemorrhagic rash in the form of small red spots becomes characteristic. This is a manifestation of hemorrhages in the skin of broken vessels. They may occur due to their increased permeability, a decrease in platelets.
The most common is hemorrhagic vasculitis - an inflammatory disease of the walls of microvessels. It usually occurs in children under 5 years of age. The lesions appear flat, but the rash elements rise above the skin to the touch.
Self-treatment is impossible, it is carried out only in a hospital. Children with this pathology are not shown exposure to the sun, physiotherapy, sports.
Parental behavior
How to recognize a disease in a child with a rash on the back? Only a doctor can do this, even if you have incredible experience in caring forchildren, you cannot do it yourself.
When a rash appears, do not cover it with aniline dyes, call a doctor and isolate the child from contact with other family members.
Rash is a manifestation of internal disorders, and lubrication is a symptomatic measure. The reason for this will not be eliminated, so a visit to the doctor is necessary.
Prevention
To prevent a rash in a child, all the basics of hygiene must be observed. Cosmetics must be approved for use in children. Baby skin toilet should be regular and daily.
Food should be adjusted. In case of diseases of the internal organs, the child must be registered and undergo regular medical examinations. Do not forget about strengthening immunity.
