Traumatic stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. It develops against the background of constant exposure to soft tissues of irritating factors. The disease can occur at absolutely any age. However, it is most often detected in children, which is explained by the frequency of microtraumas.
Main reasons
The oral cavity is lined with non-keratinized epithelial tissue, consisting of a large number of glandular elements. Its mucosa has a high regenerative capacity, and saliva has antibacterial properties. However, against the background of reduced local immunity, any wound or burn can provoke the development of stomatitis. If general immunity is still weakened, this pathology is doubly dangerous.
Possible causes of traumatic stomatitis can be divided into 3 groups:
- Thermal effects due to constant consumption of hot food. Rarely enough, the disease develops due to frostbite of the oral mucosa.
- Mechanical damage. This type of trauma is most common in childhood. You can damage the mucous membrane with a fragment of a tooth, when swallowing solid food or biting some objects.
- Chemical damage. They arise as a result of prolonged use of low-quality alcohol or tobacco smoking. If there are already microtraumas on the mucosa, nicotine slows down the regeneration process and accelerates the progression of stomatitis.
The teeth, tongue, soft palate, and inner surface of the lower lip are favorite sites for lesions.
Clinical picture
A wound or abrasion on the mucosa does not always lead to traumatic stomatitis. In most people, the bactericidal properties of saliva do an excellent job with the pathological focus, neutralize the action of microbes. With a weakened immune system, the following unpleasant symptoms appear:
- hyperemia and swelling in the affected area;
- burning sensation;
- pain after eating;
- problems with articulation;
- appearance of bacterial or fungal plaque;
- increased salivation;
- subfebrile temperature;
- bad breath;
- increased local lymph nodes.
As for non-specific manifestations of the disease, some patients complain of headaches. Also, a feeling of overwork constantly haunts, excessive tearfulness, drowsiness is possible.
Diagnostic Methods
As a rule, traumatic stomatitis in adults and children does not require examination withusing laboratory tests. The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of the clinical picture.
In some cases, patients are prescribed a general blood test and bakposev from the focus of pathology. In the blood test, manifestations of the inflammatory process are noted: an increase in ESR, leukocytosis. Bacteriological examination allows to identify pathogenic microflora, to determine sensitivity to antibiotics.
Anamnesis is important in the course of diagnosis. Usually, patients at the consultation talk about early injuries of the oral mucosa, burns or non-healing injuries. The patient's denial of the fact of damage is not a basis for refuting the preliminary diagnosis. Quite often, microtraumas on the mucous membranes, which are difficult to notice on their own, act as the entrance gate for infection.
Features of pathology in young patients
Traumatic stomatitis in children most often develops during teething. At an older age, they can injure the mucous membrane by putting foreign objects in their mouths. We are talking about pencils, small toys. The mucous membrane can be damaged as a result of a sports equipment hit in the face, an unsuccessful fall. Quite rarely, inflammation occurs due to dental or surgical procedures.
Drug therapy
Treatment of acute traumatic stomatitis should be started immediately after the onset of alarming symptoms. Drug therapy for adults is complex. One of its most important componentsare rinses for disinfection of the oral cavity. For this purpose, use "Chlorhexidine", "Furacilin" or ordinary peroxide. Also, according to the doctor's recommendations, tinctures on medicinal plants (calendula or propolis) are used.
Therapy must necessarily include means to stop inflammation and prevent the spread of the infectious process. Therefore, patients are prescribed Ingalipt, Lugol, Miramistin or Cholisal gel. Treatment of traumatic stomatitis in adults is not complete without painkillers ("Kamistad", "Lidochlor"). However, they should be used strictly according to the instructions and in the recommended dosage.
In rare cases, resort to the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ("Ibuprofen", "Nimesulide"). If a general toxic syndrome occurs, antibiotics are required. Before prescribing a specific agent, it is necessary to determine the sensitivity of the main pathogen.
Medicines for young patients
How to treat traumatic stomatitis in children? Therapy for young patients is similar to that for adults. However, in childhood, only local use of drugs is allowed. We are talking about the following medicines: "Ingalipt", "Cholisal", "Miramistin", "Fukortsin".
All drugs, their dosage and duration of administration are determined by the doctor. In the case of young children who are not yet able to rinse their mouth, preference should be given to products in the form of aerosols and gels. At the same time, from the use"Chlorhexidine" is better to refuse. You can speed up the healing of damaged tissues by applying sea buckthorn oil.
Help of traditional medicine
For the treatment of traumatic stomatitis, it is allowed (under the supervision of a physician) to use prescriptions from traditional healers. It should be noted that this treatment option is not an alternative to medication. This is just an addition to the main course of treatment. Rinses with the following ingredients are especially effective:
- Oak bark. Pour a teaspoon of raw materials with a glass of water, bring to a boil. Insist the broth until completely cooled, filter. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with the resulting product every 3 hours, but not more than a week.
- Propolis. Raw materials should be crushed and dissolved in warm water. For 0.5 liters of liquid, about a tablespoon of propolis will be required. Treatment is important to continue no more than three days.
Also, a solution of baking soda and potassium permanganate is well suited for rinsing. Such a composition should be of very low concentration, otherwise there is a risk of damaging the mucous even more.
Additional recommendations from doctors
During the course of treatment, it is important to follow some recommendations of doctors:
- Refuse excessively hot or cold food. All foods must be at a comfortable temperature.
- Exclude spicy and s alty foods from your diet. You should also give up spices, onions andgarlic.
- It is better to soften food to a puree state.
- Completely eliminate alcohol and smoking.
- Carefully monitor oral hygiene, brush your teeth after the next meal.
- Take prescribed vitamins to increase the body's resistance to infections.
Following the above tips will help speed up the healing process and minimize pain discomfort.
Possible Complications
The manifestations of traumatic stomatitis in the photo look quite unpleasant. This is a dangerous disease, the lack of treatment of which can lead to negative consequences. Among them, the most "safe" is the appearance of putrid odor from the mouth, burning pain in the affected area.
The disease can recur if the main traumatic factor has not been eliminated, or due to incorrect treatment. In the latter case, the infectious agent continues its activity in the body, leading to the resumption of the clinical picture after a short period of time.
Another dangerous complication is a generalized infection. It is characterized by the penetration of the causative agent of the disease into the blood, resulting in new foci of the inflammatory process. In advanced cases, the patient develops sepsis, and death is not ruled out.
With the active reproduction of pathogenic flora, bacteria can enter the respiratory tract. As a result, laryngitis, tracheitis or pneumonia occurs. Therapy of these ailments requires more time and effort than timely treatment.traumatic stomatitis.
Prevention Methods
Prevention of the disease is reduced to the prevention of traumatic effects on the oral mucosa. For example, doctors do not recommend eating excessively hot food. In order to avoid the multiplication of pathogenic microflora in the mouth, hygienic cleaning of the teeth should be carried out daily. It is advisable to repeat the procedure after each meal. If injury or burns could not be avoided, it is necessary to treat the affected area with any antiseptic. If symptoms of traumatic stomatitis appear, you should immediately seek medical help.
